Matsalolin muhalli na duniya suna da gaggawa ga Rasha. Ya kamata a san cewa ƙasar tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙazantar ƙazanta a duniya. Wannan yana shafar ingancin rayuwa kuma yana da illa ga lafiyar mutane. Samuwar matsalolin muhalli a cikin Rasha, kamar yadda yake a wasu ƙasashe, yana da alaƙa da tasirin tasirin mutum akan ɗabi'a, wanda ya zama mai haɗari da tashin hankali.
Menene matsalolin muhalli gama gari a Rasha?
Gurbatar iska
Haƙin da masana'antun ke fitarwa suna lalata yanayi. Konewar motar mota, da konewar kwal, mai, gas, katako, ba su da kyau ga iska. Abubuwa masu lahani suna gurɓata lemar ozone kuma suna lalata ta. Lokacin da aka sake su cikin sararin samaniya, suna haifar da ruwan sama na acid, wanda hakan ke gurɓata ƙasa da jikin ruwa. Duk waɗannan abubuwan sune sababin cututtukan oncological da zuciya da jijiyoyin mutane, da kuma ƙarancin dabbobi. Gurbatar iska shima yana taimakawa ga canjin yanayi, dumamar yanayi da karuwar hasken rana na ultraviolet;
Gandun daji
A cikin ƙasa, ƙarancin sare bishiyoyi ba shi da iko, yayin da ake sare ɗaruruwan kadada na yankin kore. Ilimin kimiyyar halittu ya canza sosai a arewa maso yammacin kasar, kuma matsalar sare dazuzzuka a Siberia ita ma tana zama cikin gaggawa. Yawancin kimiyyar halittu na gandun daji ana canza su don ƙirƙirar ƙasar noma. Wannan yana haifar da ƙaura daga yawancin nau'ikan flora da fauna daga mazauninsu. Tsarin ruwa ya rikice, yanayi ya bushe kuma an samar da tasirin greenhouse;
Ruwa da gurɓatar ƙasa
Sharar masana'antu da ta gida suna gurɓata ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa, da ƙasa. Lamarin ya kara tabarbarewa ganin cewa akwai karancin kamfanonin sarrafa ruwa a kasar, kuma akasarin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su sun tsufa. Hakanan, injunan noma da takin zamani sun lalata kasar. Akwai wata matsala kuma - gurɓatwar tekun ta kayan mai da suka zube. Kowace shekara, koguna da tabkuna suna gurɓata sharar sinadarai. Duk waɗannan matsalolin suna haifar da karancin ruwan sha, tunda yawancin hanyoyin basu dace ba koda don amfani da ruwa don dalilai na fasaha. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen lalata halittu, wasu jinsunan dabbobi, kifi da tsuntsaye sun mutu;
Sharar gida
A matsakaici, kowane mazaunin Rasha yana ɗaukar nauyin kilogiram 400 na ƙazamar birni a cikin kowace shekara. Hanyar hanyar fita ita ce sake amfani da shara (takarda, gilashi). Kananan kamfanoni ne wadanda ke aiki da shara ko sake sarrafa shara a cikin kasar;
Gurbatar Nukiliya
Kayan aiki a yawancin cibiyoyin makamashin nukiliya sun tsufa kuma halin da ake ciki yana gab da zama bala'i, saboda haɗari na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci. Kari kan haka, ba a amfani da sharar iska kamar yadda ya dace. Radiyon radiyo daga abubuwa masu haɗari yana haifar da maye gurbi da mutuwar kwayar halitta a jikin mutum, dabba, tsiro. Abubuwan da suka gurɓata sun shiga cikin jiki tare da ruwa, abinci da iska, ana ajiye su, kuma tasirin radiation na iya bayyana bayan wani lokaci;
Rushe wuraren kariya da farauta
Wannan haramtaccen aiki yana haifar da mutuwar ɗayan jinsunan flora da fauna, da lalata tsarin halittu gaba ɗaya.
Matsalolin Arctic
Game da takamaiman matsalolin muhalli a cikin Rasha, banda na duniya, akwai yankuna da yawa. Da farko dai, shine Matsalolin Arctic... Wannan yanayin halittar ya sami lalacewa yayin haɓakawarsa. Isar mai mai wuya da gas a nan. Idan suka fara fitar da su, za a iya fuskantar barazanar malalar mai. Dumamar yanayi na haifar da narkewar kankara na Arctic, zasu iya bacewa gaba daya. Sakamakon wadannan matakai, yawancin dabbobin arewacin suna mutuwa, kuma yanayin halittar yana canzawa sosai, akwai barazanar ambaliyar nahiyar.
Baikal
Baikal shine asalin kashi 80% na ruwan sha a cikin Rasha, kuma wannan yanki na ruwa ya lalace ta hanyar ayyukan takarda da bagade, waɗanda suka zubar da masana'antun kusa, sharar gida, shara. Hakanan tashar wutar lantarki ta Irkutsk tana da tasirin cutarwa a tafkin. Ba iyakuna kawai aka lalata ba, ruwa gurɓace ne, amma matakinsa ma yana faɗuwa, an lalata wuraren da ke ba da kifi, wanda ke haifar da ɓacewar jama'a.
Kogin Volga ya fallasa zuwa mafi girman ɗaukar nauyin ɗan adam. Ingancin ruwan Volga da shigar sa bai dace da yanayin nishaɗi da ƙa'idodin tsabta ba. Kashi 8% na ruwa mai tsafta da aka kwarara zuwa koguna ne ake kula da su. Bugu da kari, kasar na da gagarumar matsala ta raguwar koguna a duk sassan ruwa, kuma kananan koguna na shanya kullum.
Gulfasar Tekun Finlan
Ana kallon Tekun Filand yankin mafi hatsarin ruwa a Rasha, tunda ruwan ya kunshi dumbin albarkatun mai da suka zube sakamakon hatsari kan jiragen ruwa. Hakanan akwai aiki na farauta mai aiki, dangane da abin da yawancin dabbobi ke raguwa. Hakanan akwai kamun kifin.
Gina kananan bishiyoyi da manyan hanyoyi yana lalata dazuzzuka da sauran albarkatun kasa a duk fadin kasar. A cikin biranen zamani, akwai matsaloli ba wai kawai gurɓatar yanayi da hydrosphere ba, har ma da gurɓataccen amo. A cikin biranen ne matsalar sharar gida ta fi kamari. A cikin ƙauyukan ƙasar, babu wadatattun wuraren yankuna tare da shuke-shuke, sannan kuma akwai ƙarancin iska. Daga cikin biranen da suka fi ƙazantar da duniya, wuri na biyu a cikin darajar ya mamaye garin Norilsk na Rasha. Wani mummunan yanayin muhalli ya samo asali a cikin biranen Tarayyar Rasha kamar Moscow, St.Petersburg, Cherepovets, Asbest, Lipetsk da Novokuznetsk.
Matsalar kiwon lafiya
La'akari da matsaloli daban-daban na muhalli na Rasha, ba za a iya yin watsi da matsalar tabarbarewar lafiyar jama'ar ƙasar ba. Babban alamun wannan matsalar sune kamar haka:
- - lalata lambun zuriya da maye gurbi;
- - karuwar yawan cututtukan gado da cututtukan cututtuka;
- - cututtuka da yawa sun zama na yau da kullun;
- - tabarbarewar yanayin tsabtace jiki da na tsafta na wasu bangarorin jama'a;
- - karuwar adadin masu shan kwayoyi da mashaya giya;
- - kara matakin mutuwar jarirai;
- - ci gaban rashin haihuwa na maza da mata;
- - annoba na yau da kullum;
- - karuwar yawan marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansa, rashin lafiyar jiki, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
Jerin ya ci gaba. Duk wadannan matsalolin lafiya sune manyan illolin lalacewar muhalli. Idan ba a warware matsalolin muhalli a Rasha ba, to adadin marasa lafiya zai karu, kuma yawan jama'a zai ragu a kai a kai.
Hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli
Maganin matsalolin muhalli kai tsaye ya dogara da ayyukan jami'an gwamnati. Wajibi ne a sarrafa dukkan bangarorin tattalin arziki ta yadda dukkan kamfanoni za su rage mummunan tasirin da suke da shi ga muhalli. Hakanan muna buƙatar haɓaka da aiwatar da fasahohin muhalli. Hakanan ana iya aron su daga masu haɓaka na ƙasashen waje. A yau, ana buƙatar tsauraran matakai don magance matsalolin muhalli. Koyaya, dole ne mu tuna cewa da yawa sun dogara da kanmu: akan hanyar rayuwa, adana albarkatun ƙasa da fa'idodin gama gari, kiyaye tsabta da kuma zaɓinmu. Misali, kowa na iya zubar da shara, mika takaddun takardu, ajiye ruwa, kashe wuta a yanayi, amfani da jita-jita da za'a iya sake amfani da shi, sayi jakunkunan takardu maimakon na roba, karanta littattafan e-mail. Waɗannan ƙananan matakan za su taimaka muku don ba da gudummawa don inganta yanayin ƙasa na Rasha.
