Ana samun cakudaddun gandun daji a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Suna kudu da yankin gandun daji masu coniferous. Babban nau'in hadadden gandun daji sune Birch, Linden, aspen, spruce da pine. A kudu, akwai itacen oaks, maples da dorina. Elderberry da hazel, rasberi da buckthorn bushes suna girma cikin ƙananan tiers. Daga cikin ganyayyakin akwai strawberries na daji da blueberries, namomin kaza da mosses. Ana kiran gandun daji hade idan yana dauke da bishiyoyi masu fadi da kuma akalla 5% na conifers.
A cikin yankin da aka gauraye, akwai canjin yanayi. Lokacin bazara yana da tsayi da dumi. Lokacin hunturu yana da sanyi kuma yana daɗewa. Kimanin milimita 700 na hazo suna faɗuwa kowace shekara. Danshi yana da tsayi anan. Sod-podzolic da ƙasa mai daɗi ta ƙasa an kafa su a cikin dazuzzuka irin wannan. Suna da wadataccen humus da abubuwan gina jiki. Tsarin biochemical sun fi tsanani a nan, kuma wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga bambancin flora da fauna.
Mixed gandun daji na Eurasia
A cikin dazuzzuka na Turai, bishiyoyi da bishiyoyin toka, pines da spruces suna girma a lokaci ɗaya, ana samun maples da lindens, kuma a cikin gabashin ɓangaren daji da kuma bishiyoyi. A cikin layin bushes, hazel da honeysuckle suna girma, kuma a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci - ferns da ciyawa. A cikin Caucasus, an haɗu da fir-oak da gandun daji na spruce-beech. A cikin Yankin Gabas mai nisa, akwai bishiyoyin itacen al'ul iri-iri da itacen oong na Mongoliya, da Amur karammiski da manyan lindens masu girma, Ayan spruces da cikakkiyar firs, larch da itacen Manchurian ash.
A cikin tsaunukan kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tare da spruce, larch da fir, hemlock da yew, Linden, Maple da Birch suna girma. A wasu wurare akwai shrubs na Jasmine, lilac, rhododendron. Wannan iri-iri anfi samunta a tsaunuka.
Mixed gandun daji na Amurka
Ana samun cakuda gandun daji a tsaunukan Appalachian. Akwai manyan yankuna na sukarin maple da beech. A wasu wurare, itacen balsamic da kahon Caroline suna girma. A cikin California, gandun daji sun bazu, a cikin su akwai nau'ikan fir, da itacen oaks masu launuka biyu, sequoias da yammacin yamma. Yankin Babban Tekun yana cike da firs da pines iri-iri, firs da haruffa, birches da hemlock.
Cikakken gandun daji shine tsarin halittu na musamman. Ya ƙunshi adadin tsire-tsire masu yawa. A cikin layin bishiyoyi, ana samun nau'ikan sama da 10 a lokaci guda, kuma a cikin layin shrubs, bambancin ya bayyana, sabanin gandun dazuzzuka. Levelananan matakin gida ne na yawancin ciyawar shekara-shekara da na shekara-shekara, mosses da namomin kaza. Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa ana samun fauna da yawa a cikin waɗannan gandun daji.
