Rashanci desman (desman, khokhula, lat. Desmana moschata) Wata dabba ce mai ban sha'awa wacce take zaune galibi a cikin tsakiyar Rasha, haka kuma a cikin Ukraine, Lithuania, Kazakhstan da Belarus. Wannan dabba ce mai ƙarancin jini (waɗanda sune masu ƙarancin jini), waɗanda a da aka samo su ko'ina cikin Turai, amma yanzu kawai a bakin Dnieper, Don, Ural da Volga. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, adadin waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin sun ragu daga mutane 70,000 zuwa mutane 35,000. Don haka, suka shahara a duk duniya, bayan da suka shiga shafukan Littafin Ja, a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan haɗari.
Bayani
Desman, ko hokhulya - (Latin Desmana moschata) na dangi ne, daga tsarin kwari. Dabba ce mai yawan gaske wacce ke rayuwa a ƙasa, amma tana neman abin farauta a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Girman ƙwanƙolin bai wuce 18-22 cm ba, nauyinsa ya kai kimanin gram 500, yana da madaidaiciyar fuska da hanci mai kama da akwati. Eyesananan idanu, kunnuwa da hanci sun rufe ƙarƙashin ruwa. Rashancin Rasha yana da gajeru, yatsu da yatsu biyar tare da septa membranous. Legsafafun baya sun fi na gaban girma. Theusoshin suna da tsayi, da kaifi da lanƙwasa.
Jawo dabbar ta musamman ce. Yana da kauri sosai, mai laushi, mai karko kuma mai rufi da mai mai maiko don kara tashi sama. Tsarin tsibirin abin mamaki ne - siriri ne daga tushen kuma ya fadada zuwa karshen. Bayan baya launin toka ne mai duhu, ciki haske ne ko launin toka.
Wutsiyar desman tana da ban sha'awa - ya kai tsawon cm 20; yana da hatimin mai kamannin pear a gindin, wanda a ciki akwai gland din da ke fitar da wani kamshi. Wannan wani nau'ikan zobe ne ke biye da shi, kuma ci gaba da wutsiya ya yi kwance, an rufe shi da sikeli, kuma a tsakiya kuma tare da zaren wuya.
Dabbobi kusan makafi ne, don haka suna fuskantar sararin samaniya saboda haɓakar ƙamshi da taɓawa. Gashi masu saukin kai suna girma a jiki, kuma dogayen vibrissae suna girma a hanci. Rashancin Rasha yana da hakora 44.
Muhalli da salon rayuwa
Rashan Rasha ya sauka a gabar ruwan tafkuna masu tsabta, korama da koguna. Dabba ce ta dare. Suna haƙa rami a ƙasa. A ƙa'ida, akwai mafita guda ɗaya kuma tana kaiwa zuwa tafkin. Tsawon ramin ya kai mita uku. A lokacin rani suna zama dabam, a lokacin hunturu, adadin dabbobi a cikin mink ɗaya na iya isa ga mutane 10-15 na jinsi da shekaru daban-daban.
Gina Jiki
Hohuli masu farauta ne waɗanda ke ciyar da mazaunan ƙasa. Motsawa tare da taimakon ƙafafunsu na baya, dabbobin suna amfani da doguwar hannu ta hannu don "bincike" da "shaƙar" ƙananan ƙyallen maɓalli, leɓe, larvae, kwari, ɓawon burodi da ƙananan kifi. A lokacin hunturu, suna iya ci da shuka abinci.
Duk da karancin girman su, desman yana cin abinci sosai. Suna iya sha har zuwa gram 500 kowace rana. abinci, wato, adadin daidai da nauyinsa.
Rashanci ɗan Rasha yana cin tsutsa
Sake haifuwa
Lokacin haifuwa a cikin desman yana farawa bayan balaga yana da shekaru goma da haihuwa. Wasannin jima'i, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, suna tare da yaƙe-yaƙen maza da sautunan mata masu laushi waɗanda ke shirye don saduwa.
Ciki yana ɗan ɗan wata ɗaya, bayan haka kuma sai a haifa makauniyar baƙaƙen fata masu nauyin 2-3 g Yawanci mata suna haihuwar cuba onea ɗaya zuwa biyar. Cikin wata guda suka fara cin abincin manya, kuma bayan aan kaɗan sai suka zama masu cin gashin kansu gaba ɗaya.
Abinda ya zama ruwan dare ga mata shine zuriya 2 a kowace shekara. Yawan haihuwa a ƙarshen bazara, farkon bazara, da ƙarshen kaka, farkon hunturu.
Matsakaicin rayuwar a daji shine shekaru 4. A cikin bauta, dabbobi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5.
Yawan jama'a da kariya
Masanan burbushin halittu sun tabbatar da cewa desman na Rasha ya kiyaye jinsin halittunsa tsawon shekaru miliyan 30-40. kuma ya mamaye duk yankin Turai. A yau, yawan da mazaunin mazaunanta sun ragu sosai. Akwai karancin ruwa mai tsafta, ana gurɓata yanayi, ana sare daji.
Don aminci, Desmana moschata an haɗa shi a cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha a matsayin ƙananan nau'in kayan tarihi. Bugu da kari, an kirkiro wasu adana da adana da dama don nazari da kariya ga khokhul.
