Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) wata dabba ce mai shayarwa, ita kadai ce wacce ke cikin gidan walrus (Odobenidae) da kungiyar Pinnipedia. Manyan goge manya suna da sauƙin ganewa ta manyan ƙusoshin haurensu, kuma a cikin girman a tsakanin manyan dabbobin, irin wannan dabbar ita ce ta biyu bayan hatta giwayen.
Bayanin walrus na Atlantic
Babban dabban ruwa yana da fata mai kauri sosai... Canines na sama a cikin walruses suna ci gaba sosai, suna haɓaka kuma suna fuskantar ƙasa. Matsakaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya tana zaune mai kauri da tauri, da yawa, da murza gashin baki (vibrissae). Yawan irin wannan gashin-baki a saman lebe sau 300-700 ne. Kunnuwan waje ba su nan kwata-kwata, kuma idanun karami ne.
Bayyanar
Tsawon canines na walrus wani lokacin yakan kai rabin mita. Irin waɗannan hauren haushin suna da manufa mai amfani, suna iya yanke cikin dusar kankara a sauƙaƙe, suna iya kare yankin da fellowan ƙabilar su daga maƙiya da yawa. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, tare da taimakon haurensu, walruses na iya shiga cikin jikin koda manyan manyan marassa karfi. Fata ta walrus ta manya tana daɗaɗawa sosai kuma tana da kauri, tare da halayyar mai mai kusan santimita goma sha biyar. Fatar ta walrus ta Atlantic an rufe ta da gajerun gashin kusa da kusa-kusa ko launin rawaya-kasa-kasa, yawan su yana raguwa sosai da shekaru.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Walrus na Atlantika wani nau'ine na musamman na yankin muhalli na Tekun Barents, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja na Tarayyar Rasha.
Tsoffin wakilai na ƙasashen raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na kusan kusan tsirara da fatar haske. Theafafun dabbar sun dace sosai don motsi a kan ƙasa kuma suna da tafin kafa, saboda haka walruses ba sa iya rarrafe, amma suna iya tafiya. Wutsiyar ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙwanƙwasa.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Wakilan raƙuman ƙananan walrus na Atlantic sun fi son haɗuwa a cikin garken lambobi daban-daban. Theungiyoyin da ke zaune gaba ɗaya suna ƙoƙari don taimakon juna, kuma suna kare mafi rauni da ƙarami na danginsu daga harin abokan gaba. Lokacin da yawancin dabbobin dake cikin irin wannan garken suna hutawa ne ko kuma suna bacci ne kawai, wadanda ake kira masu gadi ne suke tabbatar da lafiyar kowa. Sai kawai idan akwai kusancin kowane haɗari sai waɗannan masu gadin su kurumtar duk yankin da ihu mai ƙarfi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cewar masana kimiyya, a yayin lura da yawa, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa, kasancewar tana da kyakkyawan ji, mace na iya jin kiran maraqinta koda da nisan kilomita biyu.
Rashin iya bayyana da kasalar walrus ana biyansu ne ta hanyar kyakkyawan ji, kyakkyawan ƙamshi, da kuma ci gaban gani sosai. Wakilan pinnipeds sun san yadda ake iyo sosai kuma suna da abokantaka, amma idan ya cancanta, zasu iya nutsar da jirgin kamun kifi.
Har yaushe walruses na Atlantic ke rayuwa?
A kan matsakaita, wakilan ƙananan walrus na Atlantic ba su fi shekaru 40-45 ba, kuma wani lokacin ma suna ɗan ƙara tsayi. Irin wannan dabba tana girma a hankali. Walrus ana iya ɗaukarsa cikakkun manya, baligi kuma a shirye suke don haifuwa shekaru takwas kawai bayan haihuwa.
Jima'i dimorphism
Maza na walrus na Atlantic suna da tsayin jiki na mita uku zuwa huɗu tare da matsakaita nauyin kusan tan biyu. Wakilan ƙananan mata suna girma cikin tsayi har zuwa mita 2.5-2.6, kuma matsakaicin nauyin jikin mace bai wuce ba, a matsayin mai mulkin, tan ɗaya.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kimanta jimlar wakilan wakilan walrus na Atlantic kamar yadda ya yiwu, amma, mai yiwuwa, bai wuce mutane dubu ashirin a wannan lokacin ba. Wannan baƙuwar jama'a ta bazu daga Arctic Canada, Svalbard, Greenland, har ma da yammacin yankin Arctic na Rasha.
Ya kasance ne bisa gagarumar rarrabawar kasa da kuma bayanan kimiyya akan dukkan motsi cewa yana yiwuwa a dauki kasancewar mutane takwas ne kawai na dabbar, biyar daga cikinsu suna yamma da uku a gabashin Greenland. Wani lokaci irin wannan dabba mai lanƙwasa ta shiga ruwan Tekun Fari.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin tsarin mulki na shekara-shekara, walrus suna iya yin ƙaura tare da manyan kankara, saboda haka suna motsawa zuwa ga kankara da ke kankara, suna iyo a kansu zuwa inda ake so, sannan su hau kan ƙasa, inda suke shirya rookery.
A baya can, wakilan ƙananan ƙasashen Atlantic walrus sun mamaye iyakokin da ke kan kudu zuwa yankin Cape Cod. A cikin adadi mai yawa, an sami dabbar da aka yanka a cikin ruwan Tekun St. Lawrence. A cikin bazarar 2006, an jera yawan walrus na Arewa maso Yammacin Atlantika a ƙarƙashin Dokar Thawaitar ciesarfafa Canadaarfin Kanada.
Abinci na walrus na Atlantic
Tsarin ciyarwa don wakilan ƙananan ƙananan walrus na Atlantic yana kusan tsayayye. Abincin su ya dogara ne akan benthic molluscs, wanda ake iya samun saukin kamuwa da shi sosai. Walruses, tare da taimakon dogayen dogayen hakoransu, suna ta da ƙasan lakar tafkin, wanda ke haifar da cikawar ruwa da ɗaruruwan ƙananan bawo.
Baƙin da aka tara ta walrus an kama shi a cikin silifa, bayan haka ana shafa su tare da taimakon ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi sosai. Sauran gutsutsuren harsashin sun faɗi ƙasa, yayin da su kansu mollusks ɗin suke ci gaba da shawagi a saman ruwa. Ana cin su sosai ta hanyar wall. Hakanan ana amfani da nau'ikan ɓawon burodi da tsutsotsi don dalilai na abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abinci mai yalwa ya zama dole don walruses don tallafawa mahimman ayyuka na jiki, tare da gina isasshen adadin mai mai ƙwanƙwasa, wanda yake da mahimmanci don kariya daga ƙarancin sanyi da iyo.
Ba a kimanta kifi da kifi, saboda haka ana cin irin wannan abincin da wuya, kawai a lokacin matsaloli masu tsananin haɗari da abinci. Walruses na Atlantika ba sa ƙyamar ƙattai masu fata masu kauri da komi kwata-kwata. Masana kimiyya sun yi rikodin shari'o'in manyan dabbobin da aka yiwa rauni da ke kai hari kan narwhals da hatimai.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Walruses na Atlantika sun kai cikakkiyar balaga kawai lokacin da suke da shekara biyar zuwa shida, kuma lokacin saduwa mai aiki don irin waɗannan abubuwan yana faruwa a watan Afrilu da Mayu.
A irin wannan lokacin ne maza, waɗanda a da suka bambanta ta hanyar yanayin zaman lafiya, suka zama masu zafin rai, saboda haka sukan yi faɗa da juna don mata, ta amfani da manyan ƙusoshin hakora don wannan dalili. Tabbas, matan da suka manyanta mata suna zaɓar mazan da suka fi ƙarfi da himma don kansu a matsayin abokan jima'i.
Matsakaicin lokacin haihuwa na walrus bai wuce kwanaki 340-370 ba, bayan haka aka haifi ɗa guda ɗaya, amma babba ɗan ɗaki. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ana haihuwar tagwaye... Tsawon jikin sabon jaririn walrus na Atlantic ya kai kimanin mita daya tare da matsakaicin nauyin 28-30 kg. Tun daga ranakun farko na rayuwarsu, jarirai suna koyon iyo. A cikin shekarar farko, walruses suna cin abinci ne kawai na madarar uwa, kuma sai bayan hakan ne suka sami ikon cin abincin halal na manyan gogaggun manya.
Tabbas dukkanin walruses suna da kyakkyawar wayewar kan uwa, don haka suna iya kare kansu da rayukansu idan akwai haɗari. Dangane da bayanan masana kimiyya, gabaɗaya, walrus mata na Atlantika suna da ladabi da kulawa. Har zuwa kimanin shekaru uku, lokacin da samari na walruses suka haɓaka hauren hauren giwa, kusan walruses kusan koyaushe suna tare da iyayensu. Sai da shekara uku kawai, na riga na isa canines sosai, wakilan ofan goro na Atlantic sun fara rayuwarsu ta manya.
Makiya na halitta
Babban barazanar da ke tattare da dabbobi da yawa, gami da ƙananan walrus na Atlantic, mutane ne daidai. Ga mafarauta da mafarauta, manyan tsintsiya madaurinki ne tushen ƙaton hauren giwa, naman alade da naman mai gina jiki. Duk da manyan ƙuntatawa a ƙimar kasuwanci, da kuma matakan kariya a cikin mazaunin, jimillar adadin walruses na Atlantic suna ta raguwa a hankali, saboda haka, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna cikin barazanar ɓarkewar cikakke.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bugu da kari ga mutane, makiya na walrus a dabi'un su ne belar polar kuma wani sashi mai kashe whale, kuma a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, irin wadannan dabbobi suna shan wahala matuka daga cututtukan ciki da na waje masu hatsari.
Ya kamata a lura cewa an keɓance banda ga wasu 'yan asalin arewacin kawai, gami da Chukchi da Eskimos. A gare su ne farautar farauta abu ne na larura ta halitta kuma an basu damar kama wasu iyakantattun mutane. Naman irin wannan dabbar ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na abincin mutanen arewa saboda halayensu na ƙasa da suka daɗe.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Don tabbatar da adalci, ya kamata a sani cewa raguwar kaɗan a cikin jimlar wannan ƙananan raƙuman dabbobi ba a haifar da shi ba ne kawai ta hanyar yin harbi da yawa a cikin aikin kamun kifi ba, har ma da saurin haɓaka masana'antar mai. Kamfanoni na wannan masana'antar sune hanyoyi don gurɓata mahalli na naturalan littafin Red Book.
Masana da yawa suna damuwa game da rashin cikakken bayani game da halin yanzu na yawan walrus.... Zuwa yau, kimanin adadin irin waɗannan dabbobin ne kawai aka sani a cikin ruwan Tekun Pechora da kuma wuraren wasu rookeries. Hakanan, motsi na walruses a cikin shekara da alaƙar ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da juna ba a san su ba. Ci gaban matakan da suka wajaba don adana yawan walrus yana nuna wajabcin aiwatar da ƙarin bincike.
