Fasali da mazauninsu
Marmot (daga Latin Marmota) wata babbar dabba ce daga dangin squirrel, umarnin rodents.
Asarsu marmots na dabba shine Arewacin Amurka, daga can suka bazu zuwa Turai da Asiya, kuma yanzu akwai kusan manyan nau'ikan su 15:
1. Grey it is the Mountain Asian or Altai marmot (daga Latin baibacina) - mazaunin tsaunukan tsaunuka na Altai, Sayan da Tien Shan, Gabas ta Kazakhstan da kudancin Siberia (Tomsk, Kemerovo da Novosibirsk yankuna);
Yawancin marmot gama gari yana rayuwa a cikin Rasha
2. Baibak aka Babak ko marmot na kowa (daga Latin bobak) - yana zaune a yankunan steppe na yankin Eurasia;
3. Gandun daji-steppe marmot Kashchenko (kastschenkoi) - yana zaune a cikin Novosibirsk, yankuna Tomsk a hannun dama na bankin Ob;
4. Alaskan aka Bauer's marmot (broweri) - yana zaune a cikin mafi girman jihar Amurka - a arewacin Alaska;
5. Mai launin toka (daga Latin caligata) - ya fi son zama a cikin tsaunukan Arewacin Amurka a jihohin arewacin Amurka da Kanada;
A cikin hoton, marmot mai launin toka-toka
6. Baƙin baki (daga Latin camtschatica) - ta yankin zama an kasu kashi biyu:
- Severobaikalsky;
- Lena-Kolyma;
- Kamchatka;
7. Dogon jelar aka ja ko marmot Jeffrey (daga Latin caudata Geoffroy) - ya fi son zama a kudancin yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya, amma kuma ana samunsa a Afghanistan da arewacin Indiya.
8. Yellow-bellied (daga Latin flaviventris) - mazaunin shine yamma da Kanada da Amurka;
9. Himalayan aka Tibet marmot (daga Latin himalayana) - kamar yadda sunan yake, wannan nau'in marmot yana rayuwa ne a tsarin tsaunukan Himalayas da tsaunukan Tibet a tsaunuka har zuwa layin dusar ƙanƙara;
10. Alpine (daga Latin marmota) - mazaunin wannan nau'in rodent shine Alps;
11. Marmot Menzbier aka Talas marmot (daga Latin menzbieri) - gama gari a yammacin tsaunukan Tan Shan;
12. Gandun daji (monax) - yana zaune ne a tsakiya da arewa maso gabashin Amurka;
13. Mongolia aka Tarbagan ko Siberian marmot (daga Latin sibirica) - gama gari a cikin yankunan Mongolia, arewacin China, a ƙasarmu suna zaune a Transbaikalia da Tuva;
Marmot tabargan
14. Olympic aka Olympic marmot (daga Latin olympus) - mazauni - tsaunukan Olympic, wadanda suke a arewa maso yamma na Arewacin Amurka a jihar Washington, Amurka;
15. Vancouver (daga Latin vancouverensis) - mazaunin yana ƙarami kuma yana kan iyakar yamma da Kanada, a tsibirin Vancouver.
Kuna iya bayarwa bayanin dabbobin gida kamar dabba mai shayarwa rodent a kan gajerun kafafu guda huɗu, tare da ƙarami, ɗan tsawan kai kaɗan kuma jiki mai jujjuyawa wanda ya ƙare da jela. Suna da manya-manya, masu iko kuma mafi tsayi hakora a cikin baki.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, marmot babban ɗan sanda ne. Speciesananan nau'ikan - marmot na Menzbier, yana da gawar gawa tsawon 40-50 cm kuma nauyinta ya kai kimanin kilogiram 2.5-3. Mafi girma shine steppe marmot dabba wood-steppe - girman jikin ta zai iya kaiwa 70-75 cm, tare da gawa mai nauyin kilogram 12.
Launin fur ɗin wannan dabba ya bambanta dangane da nau'in, amma manyan launuka sune launuka masu launin toka-rawaya da launin toka-ruwan kasa.
A waje, a cikin sifar jiki da launi, gophers ne dabbobi kama da marmot, kawai ya bambanta da na ƙarshen, sun ɗan ƙarami kaɗan.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Marmotsi sune irin berayen da suke bacci a lokacin kaka-lokacin bazara, wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni bakwai a cikin wasu nau'in.
Groundhogs suna shafe kusan rabin shekara a cikin nutsuwa
A lokacin farkawa, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwar yau da kullun kuma suna ci gaba da neman abinci, wanda suke buƙata da yawa don rashin bacci. Marmot suna rayuwa a cikin ramuka waɗanda suke haƙa wa kansu. A cikinsu, suna hibernate kuma duk hunturu ne, wani ɓangare na kaka da bazara.
Yawancin jinsunan marmot suna zaune a cikin ƙananan yankuna. Duk nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne a cikin iyalai masu ɗa namiji daya kuma mata da yawa (yawanci biyu zuwa hudu). Marmot suna sadarwa da juna tare da gajerun kuka.
Kwanan nan, tare da sha'awar mutane su sami dabbobin da ba na al'ada ba a gida, kamar kuliyoyi da karnuka, marmot ta zama dabbar gida yawancin masoya yanayi.
A tushen su, waɗannan berayen suna da hankali kuma basa buƙatar babban ƙoƙari don kiyaye su. A cikin abinci, ba masu karba ba ne, ba su da wata azkar.
Kuma don kiyaye su akwai sharadi na musamman guda ɗaya - dole ne a sanya su ta hanyan aikin bacci.
Abincin ƙasa
Babban abincin marmot shine abincin shuke-shuke (tushen, shuke-shuke, furanni, tsaba, 'ya'yan itace, da sauransu). Wasu nau'ikan, kamar su marmot mai-ruwan leda, suna cinye kwari kamar fara, fara, har ma da ƙwai tsuntsaye. Wata tsohuwar marmot tana cin kusan kilogram na abinci kowace rana.
A lokacin yanayi daga bazara zuwa kaka, marmot na bukatar cin abinci sosai don samun mai mai mai wanda zai tallafawa jikin ta yayin duk lokacin shakarar hunturu.
Wasu nau'ikan, alal misali, marmot na Olympics, suna samun fiye da rabin nauyin jikinsu duka don bacci, kusan 52-53%, wanda yakai kilogram 3.2-3.5.
Za a iya gani hotunan dabbobi marmoti tare da kitse wanda aka tara lokacin hunturu, wannan sandararren yana da kamannin mai kalar Shar Pei a lokacin kaka.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Yawancin jinsuna suna isa ga balaga ta jima'i a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Rut tana faruwa a farkon bazara, bayan fitowa daga bacci, galibi a cikin Afrilu-Mayu.
Mace tana haihuwar na tsawon wata guda, bayan haihuwar kuma ana haihuwar cikin adadin mutane biyu zuwa shida. A wata mai zuwa ko wata mai zuwa, ƙananan marmot ne ke shayar da madarar uwa, daga nan sai su fara fita daga ramin a hankali su ci ciyayi.
A cikin hoton, jaririn jariri
Bayan sun balaga, matasa sukan bar iyayensu kuma suka fara gidan nasu, galibi suna zama cikin mulkin mallaka.
A cikin daji, marmot na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ashirin. A gida, tsawon rayuwarsu ya fi guntu kuma ya dogara sosai da rashin aikin wucin gadi; ba tare da shi ba, dabba a cikin ɗaki da wuya ya rayu fiye da shekaru biyar.
