Chimpanzee (Pan) babban biri ne, jinsin birrai. Fassara daga ɗayan yarukan kabilun Afirka, ana nufin "kamar mutum." Kamanceceniya da mutane an iyakance shi ba kawai ta hanyar halaye na waje ba, halayen ɗabi'a, har ma da ƙwayoyin halitta: DNA ɗinmu yayi daidai da 90%. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa hanyoyin juyin halitta tsakanin jinsunan biyu sun karkata ne kawai shekaru miliyan 6 da suka gabata.
Bayani
Akwai nau'ikan jinsuna biyu da nau'ikan chimpanzees guda uku:
1. talakawa:
- baki-fuska (tare da freckles);
- yamma (tare da baƙin fata tare da baka);
- Schweinfurtovsky (tare da fuska mai launin jiki);
2. dodo ko bonobos.
Girman chimpanzee na yau da kullun ya kai kimanin mita 1.5 kawai a cikin maza kuma 1.3 a cikin mata, amma a lokaci guda suna da ƙarfi ƙwarai, tsokokin su suna da kyau. Fatar ta ruwan hoda ce, kuma rigar tana da kauri da duhu, kusan launin ruwan kasa ne.
Dwarf - bai fi ɗan gajarta kadan ba, amma saboda ƙarancin tsokoki da raunin gani, da alama ƙarama ce da fata. Fuskarsa tana da duhun fata, lebensa manya da fadi. An rufe kansa da dogon gashin baki wanda ya sauko daga kambin zuwa kumatu a cikin wani irin gefen gaɓa.
Dukkanin jinsunan suna da kokon kai tare da furfura mai dusar kankara, hanci mai hanci da hancin hancinsa, da kuma kaifin muƙamuƙi cike da kaifin hakora. Kodayake kwanyarsu na da ban sha'awa, amma kwakwalwar da ke ciki tana daukar wani bangare ne kawai daga cikin adadin. Babban yatsu manyan yatsu, kamar na mutane, an keɓe a gefe - wannan yana ba dabba damar hawa bishiyoyi da amfani da kayan aiki na zamani don samun abinci.
Dukkanin jikin birrai an rufe su da gashin gashi mai duhu, wani bangare na bakin fuska, dabino da kafafu sun zama marasa gashi. Jarirai da matasa kuma suna da karamin tabo a bayansu a cikin yankin coccyx. A cewarsa, manya suna tantance yawan shekarun 'yan uwansu, kuma idan layin da ke ja baya bata wuce gona da iri ba, suna sanya dan uwansu a matsayin' ya 'yan yara kuma, a kan haka, su kara masa kulawa da kulawa mafi girma.
Hakanan mutane, waɗannan birai suna da ƙungiyoyi na jini, ana iya sake jinin plasma na wasu nau'insu zuwa cikin mutane. Hakanan ana iya bambanta Chimpanzees da juna ta hanyar alamu akan yatsan yatsun: tsaukacin kwafin mutum koyaushe daban.
Gidajen zama
Primates mazauna Afirka ta Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka ne. Babban yanayin shine kasancewar gandun daji masu zafi tare da wadatattun ciyayi da yanayi mai dacewa. Yanzu haka ana samun wannan chimpanzee a kasashen Kamaru, Guinea, Congo, Mali, Najeriya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania. Mazaunin daji shine gandun daji tsakanin kogunan Kongo da Lualab.
Duk lokacin da suke cinyewa a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, suna ta tsalle tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe, suna sauka ƙasa da wuya, galibi galibi zuwa ramin shayarwa. Suna gina gidansu a kan rassan - ƙananan shinge na ganye da ganye.
Rayuwa
Kamar mutane, chimpanzees suna buƙatar kamfani don rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali da aminci. Sabili da haka, koyaushe suna zaune cikin ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda a cikin birai na gari keɓaɓɓiyar maza ke jagorantar su, kuma a cikin bonobos - mata ne kaɗai. Mostungiyar mafi yawan lokuta tana ƙunshe da mutane 25-30.
Shugaba namiji shine mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi da wakilci na gari, don kiyaye ƙarfi a cikin yatsunsa, yana zaɓan wasu rukunin abokai - masu ƙarfi iri ɗaya, amma wawaye waɗanda suke shirye don kare rayuwarsa mai tamani ta kansa. Sauran ragowar masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke iya yin barazana ga mulkinsa, ana tuka su da jagora zuwa nesa mai nisa kuma ana kiyaye su cikin tsoro koyaushe, bayan mutuwarsa ko rashin lafiya, matsayin dattijo yana hannun mai takara daidai.
Mata ma suna da nasu matsayin. Mata masu hayaniya kuma masu ci gaba a zahiri sun mamaye marasa ƙarfi, suna sarrafa su kuma basa barin su kusantar wani jinsi, koyaushe suna samun ƙarin abinci da abokan hulɗa. Matan Chimpanzee ana daukar su masu hankali da saurin fahimta, sun fi saukin horo, suna iya nuna fifiko game da yaran wasu mutane da dangi marasa karfi.
Sake haifuwa
Chimpanzees na iya haɗuwa da haifuwa a kowane lokaci na shekara; wasu sharuɗɗa, ban da sha'awa, ba a buƙatar wannan. Ciki ya kai watanni 7.5. Mafi yawanci, ana haifar ɗiya ɗaya, a cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba ana samun haihuwa da yawa.
Jarirai ba su da ƙarfi kuma ba su da taimako daidai bayan haihuwa, saboda haka suna buƙatar kulawa ta uwa da kulawa. Har sai sun tashi a ƙafafunsu, uwaye suna ɗauka da kansu. Matasa sun balaga ta hanyar jima'i ne kawai daga shekara 10, kafin hakan suna da alaƙa da iyayensu, koda kuwa suna da ƙananan offspringa offspringa.
Gina Jiki
Chimpanzees ana daukar su a matsayin masu kama da komai. Abincin su ya hada da abincin shuke-shuke da asalin dabbobi. Suna buƙatar cin abinci sau da yawa kuma cikin adadi mai yawa, tunda suna rayuwa mai sauƙi kuma suna kashe kuzari da yawa don wannan. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a gare su su kula da wadatar wani kitsen mai mai ƙima, yana taimaka musu su rayu lokacin lokutan damina ko fari.
Chimpanzee tana cin tuffa
Asali, waɗannan birai suna cin abinci akan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace, tushe da ganyen bishiyoyi. Tunda chimpanzees basa jin tsoron ruwa kuma ƙwararrun masu ninkaya ne, suna da dabara suna kama molo da ƙananan dabbobi a jikin ruwa. Karka damu da cin kananan dabbobi da kwari.
Akwai lokuta idan, in babu sauran abincin, waɗannan dabbobin suna cin nau'ikan nasu, har ma da fellowan uwan juna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Chimpanzees suna amfani da ganyen tsire a matsayin laima a ruwan sama, a matsayin fan a cikin tsananin zafi, har ma da takardar bayan gida.
- Bonobos a cikin cikin ƙungiyarsu baya taɓa warware rikice-rikice da ƙarfi, saboda wannan suna da wata ingantacciyar hanyar - ma'amala.
- Chimpanzees sun san yadda ake murmushi da sanya fuskoki, suna da saurin sauyin yanayi, na iya zama bakin ciki, tashin hankali ko wauta.
