Yawancin wakilai na flora da fauna suna da wakilci a doron ƙasa, waɗanda aka rarraba kuma suke rayuwa a cikin yankuna daban-daban na halitta. Irin wannan bambancin a cikin yanayi daban-daban bai zama iri daya ba: wasu jinsunan sun dace da yanayin mummunan yanayi na arctic da tundra, wasu kuma suna koyon rayuwa a cikin hamada da hamadar hamada, wasu kuma suna son dumi na wurare masu zafi, na huɗun da ke zaune, kuma na biyar ya bazu a kan faɗin shimfidar filin. Yanayin jinsin da ke duniya a wannan lokacin an kirkireshi sama da shekaru biliyan 4. Koyaya, daya daga cikin matsalolin muhalli na duniya a wannan zamanin shine raguwar halittu. Idan ba a warware shi ba, to ashe za mu rasa duniyar da za mu sani a yanzu.
Dalilan raguwar halittu
Akwai dalilai da yawa na raguwar nau'in dabbobi da na tsirrai, kuma dukkansu kai tsaye ko a kaikaice sun fito ne daga mutane:
- gandun daji;
- fadada yankunan yankuna;
- fitowar abubuwa masu cutarwa na yau da kullun cikin yanayi;
- canza yanayin shimfidar wuri zuwa kayan aikin gona;
- amfani da sinadarai a harkar noma;
- gurɓatar jikin ruwa da ƙasa;
- gina hanya da matsayin sadarwa;
- bunƙasar yawan duniyar, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin abinci da yankuna na rayuwa;
- farauta;
- gwaje-gwajen kan tsallaka tsirrai da nau'in dabbobi;
- lalata halittu masu rai;
- bala'in muhalli wanda mutane ke haifarwa.
Tabbas, jerin dalilai sun ci gaba. Duk abin da mutane suka yi, suna shafar rage yankunan flora da fauna. Dangane da haka, rayuwar dabbobi tana canzawa, kuma wasu mutane, wadanda basu iya rayuwa ba, suna mutuwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba, kuma yawan mutane yana raguwa sosai, galibi yakan haifar da nau'in halittar baki daya. Kusan abu ɗaya ya faru tare da tsire-tsire.
Darajar halittu masu yawa
Bambancin halittu na nau'ikan rayuwa daban-daban - dabbobi, tsirrai da ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna da mahimmanci saboda yana da kwayar halitta da tattalin arziki, kimiyya da al'adu, zamantakewa da nishaɗi, kuma mafi mahimmanci - mahimmancin muhalli. Bayan duk wannan, bambancin dabbobi da tsirrai sun sanya duniyar da ke kewaye da mu ko'ina, don haka dole ne a kiyaye ta. Mutane sun riga sun yi lahani wanda ba za a iya biyansa ba. Misali, an halakar da jinsuna da yawa a duniya:
Mujiya dariya
Damisa ta Turan
Dodo
Kerkeci na Marsupial
Guadalupe caracara
Moa
Quagga
Yawon shakatawa
Neviusia Dantorn
Violet Kriya
Sylphius
Warware matsalar kiyaye halittu
Yana buƙatar ƙoƙari sosai don adana halittu masu yawa a duniya. Da farko dai, ya zama dole gwamnatocin dukkan ƙasashe su ba da kulawa ta musamman ga wannan matsala tare da kare abubuwa na halitta daga cin zarafin mutane daban-daban. Hakanan, kungiyoyi daban-daban na duniya, musamman, Greenpeace da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, suna aiki don kiyaye duniyar flora da fauna.
Daga cikin manyan matakan da ake dauka, ya kamata a ambaci cewa masana kimiyyar dabbobi da sauran kwararru na gwagwarmaya ga kowane mutum daga cikin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari, samar da wuraren ajiya da wuraren shakatawa na halitta inda dabbobi ke karkashin lura, samar da yanayin yadda za su rayu da kuma kara yawan jama'a. Hakanan ana yin shuke-shuke da kayan kere-kere domin kara jeri, don hana halittu masu daraja halakarwa.
Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a aiwatar da matakan kiyaye dazuzzuka, don kare jikkunan ruwa, kasa da yanayi daga gurbatar muhalli, don amfani da fasahar kere-kere wajen samarwa da rayuwar yau da kullum. Fiye da duka, adana yanayi a doron ƙasa ya dogara da kanmu, ma'ana, ga kowane mutum, saboda kawai muna yin zaɓi: kashe dabba ko rayar da shi, yanke bishiyar ko a'a, zaɓi fure ko shuka sabon. Idan kowane ɗayanmu ya kare yanayi, to za a shawo kan matsalar bambancin halittu.
