A kan yankin duniyar tamu, nau'ikan hadadden wuri mai faɗi daban-daban sun mai da hankali, sun bambanta da juna a yanayi, wuri, ƙasa, ruwa da dabbobi. Steppes da gandun daji-steppes suna daga cikin yankunan da suka fi yaduwa. Wadannan filayen suna da kamanceceniya kuma kusan mutum ne ya inganta su. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ɗakunan hadadden wuri suna cikin yankin gandun daji da kuma hamadar hamada.
Halaye na steppe
An fahimci matattakalar a matsayin yanki na halitta wanda ya yadu a cikin ɗamara irin ta masu yanayi da tazara. Wani fasalin wannan yanki shine rashin itatuwa. Wannan saboda yanayin yanayi ne na hadadden wuri mai faɗi. Akwai karancin ruwan sama a cikin matakan (kimanin 250-500 mm a kowace shekara), wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu ba ga cikakken ci gaban ciyawar katako. A mafi yawan lokuta, yankuna na halitta suna cikin cibiyoyin nahiyoyi.
Akwai raƙuman raƙuman matakai zuwa: dutsen, saz, gaskiya, makiyaya da hamada. Ana iya samun mafi yawan yawan yankuna a cikin Ostiraliya, Kudancin Amurka, Gabashin Turai da Kudancin Siberia.
Consideredasar steppe ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi mahimmin taki. Da farko dai, ƙasa baki ce ke wakiltar ta. Rashin dacewar wannan yanki (ga kamfanonin noma) sune rashin danshi da kuma rashin iya shiga harkar noma a lokacin sanyi.
Halaye na gandun daji-steppe
An fahimci gandun daji a matsayin yanki na halitta wanda ke iya haɓaka ɓangaren gandun daji da steppe. Tsarin hadadden wuri ne wanda za'a iya samun manyan bishiyoyi da kananan dazuzzuka. A lokaci guda, akwai yankuna masu tsayi a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna. Matsayin mai mulkin, gandun-steppe is located a cikin yanayin da subtropical zone. Ana iya samun su a cikin Eurasia, Afirka, Australia da Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka.
Hakanan ana ɗaukar ƙasa mai dausayi-da-ƙafa a matsayin ɗayan mafi inganci a duniya. Ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai baƙar fata da humus. Saboda ingancin ƙasa da yawanta, yawancin ɗakunan shimfidar wuri suna ƙarƙashin tasirin tasirin anthropogenic. An daɗe ana amfani da gandun daji-steppe don aikin noma.
Sauyin yanayi da ƙasa a cikin yankuna na halitta
Tunda stepes da gandun daji - suna cikin yankuna masu yanayi guda, suna da yanayi iri ɗaya. Dumi, kuma wani lokacin zafi, yanayin bushe yana wanzuwa a waɗannan yankuna.
A lokacin rani, yanayin zafin cikin iska a cikin gandun daji ya fara daga + 22 zuwa +30 digiri. Yankunan gargajiya suna da halin ƙarancin ruwa. Matsakaicin hazo shine 400-600 mm a kowace shekara. Yana faruwa cewa a wasu lokuta yankuna-steppe zones suna jure tsananin fari. A sakamakon haka, iska mai bushewa tana faruwa a yankuna - cakuda zafi da busassun iska. Wannan lamarin yana da tasiri akan flora, zai iya busar da dukkan abubuwa masu rai akan tushen.
Stepe yana da yanayin sauyin yanayi daban-daban. Babban halayen yanayin yanayi a wannan yankin sune: mafi ƙarancin ruwan sama (250-500 mm a kowace shekara), zafin rana mai tsanani, kaifin sanyi da sanyi a lokacin sanyi. A lokacin bazara, yanayin zafin jiki yana zuwa daga digiri 23 zuwa + digiri 33. Yankunan shimfidar wurare suna da iska mai bushe, fari da guguwar ƙura.
Saboda bushewar yanayi, koguna da tabkuna a cikin steppe da gandun daji-steppe suna da wuya sosai, kuma wani lokacin sukan bushe kawai saboda bushewar yanayi. Abu ne mai wahalar gaske zuwa ga ruwan karkashin kasa, suna kwance sosai kamar yadda ya yiwu.
Koyaya, ƙasa a cikin waɗannan yankuna na da inganci. Hawan humus a wasu yankuna ya kai tsayin mita ɗaya. Saboda ƙarancin ruwan sama, ciyayi suna mutuwa kuma suna saurin ruɓewa, sakamakon haka ƙimar ƙasar ta inganta. Itacen dabba ya shahara ne saboda ƙasashen kirji, yayin da itacen gandun daji ya shahara da launin toka da baƙar ƙasa.
Amma duk irin ingancin kasar da ke wadannan yankuna, sai ta lalace sosai sakamakon zaizayar iska da ayyukan mutane.
Fauna da flora
Lokacin bazara lokaci ne mai ban mamaki na shekara lokacin da komai ke gudana a kusa. A cikin matattakalar, mutum na iya lura da kyawawan ciyawar fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, abinci mai ɗaci da hatsi. Hakanan a cikin waɗannan yankuna (ya danganta da nau'in digiri) irin waɗannan tsire-tsire kamar tumbleweed, twig, ephemeral da ephemeroid suna girma.
Ciyawar tsuntsu
Sagebrush
Tumbleweed
Prutnyak
Mai nutsuwa
A cikin gandun daji-steppe, akwai kyawawan hotuna masu yawa na gandun daji masu yankewa, da kuma gandun daji masu tsire-tsire, da wuraren yankuna. Linden, beech, ash da kirjin kirji suna girma a cikin hadadden wuri mai faɗi. A wasu yankuna, zaku iya samun sarar birch-aspen.
Linden
Bishiya
Ash
Chestnut
Dabbobin tsalle-tsalle suna wakiltar dabbobi masu rarrafe, marmot, squirrels na ƙasa, berayen bera, jerboas, da berayen kangaroo.
Tsuntsaye
Marmot
Gopher
Kurma
Jerboa
Berayen Kangaroo
Mazaunin dabbobi ya dogara da halayen muhalli. Wakilan tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa yankuna masu dumi a lokacin sanyi. Tsuntsaye suna fuskantar wakiltar gaggafa, larks, bustards, harriers da kestrels.
Mikiya mai taka leda
Lark
Bustard
Matakan jirgin ruwa
Kestrel
Ana iya samun Elk, dawa, dawa, da gofer, da ferster da hamster a cikin dajin-steppe. Hakanan, a wasu yankuna, ɓeraye, larks, saigas, dawakai da sauran wakilan duniyar dabbobi suna rayuwa.
Elk
Roe
Steppe ferret
Fox
