Tsuntsayen na dabbobi ne, tsarin beraye da dangin squirrel. Yana da jiki mai tsayi wanda ya ƙare da wutsiya mai taushi mai taushi. Kuru yana da dogayen kunnuwa masu tsaka-tsaka tare da ko ba tare da tassels a ƙarshen ba. Launin rigar ya kasance daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ja, cikin cikin launi mai haske. A lokacin hunturu, squirrel zai iya zama launin toka. Launin rigar dabbobi masu shayarwa ya dogara da mazaunin.
Dukan jikin mutum yana faruwa sau biyu a shekara, amma jelar ba zata iya narkewa ba sau ɗaya a shekara ba. A cikin bazara, dabba mai narkewa - Afrilu-Mayu, da kaka - Satumba-Nuwamba.
Siffofin wuta
Ana iya ɗaukar squirrel a matsayin mai ɓoyayyiyar iska, ana iya amfani dashi don abinci:
- tsaba daga bishiyoyin coniferous (daga spruce, pine, itacen al'ul, fir);
- hazel, acorns, kwayoyi;
- namomin kaza;
- buds na matasa shuke-shuke;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- Tushen shuka;
- lashen;
- ganye.
Idan shekara bata da kyau, to yawancin abincin su ya ƙunshi ganye, tushe. A lokacin lokacin saduwa, squirrels sun fi son cin abincin dabbobi: kwari, larvae, ƙwai na ƙananan tsuntsaye, ƙananan ƙwayoyi. A farkon bazara, suna iya cizon ƙashin mushen dabbobi.
Ga wuraren hutun hunturu, sun fi son yin kayayyakin da aka adana a cikin ramuka, rhizomes, ko kuma kawai aka rataye su a kan bishiyoyi masu rassa. Wadannan kayan sun hada da: goro, namomin kaza, cones, acorns. Ba su tuna game da ajiyar su kuma galibi sukan same su ne kwatsam. Sunadaran zasu iya ciyar da kayan wasu dabbobi.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan sunadaran
Kurosure ne mafi yawan nau'in dabbobin bera da ke rayuwa a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi. Ana samun su a cikin dazuzzuka masu daɗaɗɗa, dazuzzuka marasa ƙarancin duwatsu, duwatsu da ƙananan filaye. Ana iya ganin wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin wuraren shakatawa na gari, a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu.
Mun lissafa mafi yawan nau'ikan sunadarai:
Abert, tsayin jikinsa na iya kaiwa cm 58, kuma tsawon jelar yakai 25 cm, kunnuwa suna da tassels. Gashin squirrel launin toka ne tare da tsiri a bayan launi mai launin ruwan kasa-ja. Wurin zama shi ne Mexico da kudu maso yammacin Amurka.
Bature ko Guiana squirrel, tsayin jikinta bai wuce 20 cm ba, kuma wutsiyarta na iya kai 18 cm, tana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Yana zaune a Kudancin Amurka a cikin gandun daji da wuraren shakatawa.
Allen, mata na wannan nau'in sun fi na maza girma, nauyinsu na iya zama 500 g. A lokacin hunturu, launin suturar squirrel launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a gefen, akwai launin toka da baƙi. Sashin babba na kai duhu ne, kunnuwan ba su da tassels. A lokacin rani, rigar tayi duhu.
Caucasian kurege tana iya kaiwa 25 cm tsayi, tana da gajerun kunnuwa ba tare da tassels ba. Gashin squirrel yayi kama da tsatsa mai haske, baya baya-launin ruwan kasa-launin toka, kuma tarnaƙi suna da farin-kirji, cikin yana da haske.
Arizona - yayi kama da squirrel Abert, mazaunin da aka fi so shine yankin tsaunika. Ana samunsa a Mexico da Arizona.
Zinariyar ciki zinariya, namiji da mace na wannan jinsin kusan iri daya ne cikin tsari da nauyi. Suna zaune a Guatemala, Mexico.
Caroline squirrel babba babba, zai iya girma zuwa 52 cm a tsayi. Fur launi mai launin toka ne mai launin ruwan kasa ko ja ja, ciki fari ne. Bera yana zaune a Amurka, Scotland, Ingila da Italiya.
Belka Depp yana da launi mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka mai launin toka, rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Sashin saman jelar baƙar fata ne kuma fari, kuma ƙananan launi ne na tsatsa, ciki mai haske ne.
Yellow mai kumburi squirrel Tana da karamin jiki wanda bai wuce santimita 17 ba, wutsiyar tana iya kaiwa tsawon cm 18. Launin baya na ja-kasa-kasa, ciki jan-lemu ne, kuma wutsiyar an tagu. Babban mazaunin: Brazil, Venezuela.
Red tailed squirrel zai iya zama tsayi 52 cm, tare da tsawon jela har zuwa cm 28. Rigar ta yi duhu ja, nono na iya zama fari ko ja ja, ƙarshen jelar baƙar fata. Habitat Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.
Yammacin launin toka da nauyi zai iya kaiwa 942 g tare da tsawon jiki har zuwa cm 60. Dabbar tana da launin azurfa-launin toka tare da farin ciki. Kunnuwa a bayyane suke, amma ba tare da tassels ba. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana iya samun wannan sandar ƙarfi a cikin Amurka.
Black squirrel zai iya kaiwa nauyin kilogiram 1, kuma tsawon jikinsa na iya zama cm 70. Launin Jawo na iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da raƙuman rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da baƙi.
Veksha yana da tassels, tsawon jiki ya kai cm 28, nauyi bai wuce 340 g ba. Wannan sandar yana da launuka iri-iri: daga launin ruwan kasa-ja zuwa launin toka-baƙi. Habitat Eurasia, Japan.
Shahararren dan iska mai yawo
Ba duk nau'ikan dangin squirrel ake wakilta anan ba, amma mafi yawan waɗanda aka fi sani.
Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji
Ta kalar squirrel, ba zai yuwu a banbance namiji da mace ba, a wasu nau'ikan ana iya gane su da girmansu, tunda namiji na iya zama ya fi na mace nauyi da kuma tsawon jela.
Abubuwan halayyar mutum
Rodents na dangin squirrel na mallakar dabbobin tafi-da-gidanka waɗanda ke jagorancin salon rayuwa. Ba sa yin ƙoƙari kaɗan yayin tsalle daga wannan bishiyar zuwa wancan. Ana cikin tsalle, dabbar tana taimakon kanta da jela da filo. Dogaro da nau'in gandun daji, yanayin wurin zama yana canzawa:
- a cikin dazuzzuka masu yankewa, rodent yana rayuwa ne a cikin rami, gindin sa an yi layi da busassun ciyawa ko lichen;
- a cikin dazuzzuka masu danshi suna yin wa kansu gida, waɗanda suke ginawa daga rassa, suna baza ulu, gansakuka, busassun ganye a ƙasan.
Dabbar na iya zama a wuraren tsuntsaye marasa komai. Adadin irin waɗannan gidajen a cikin squirrel ɗaya na iya kaiwa 15; zai iya canza wurin zama duk bayan kwana biyu ko uku. Don haka, daga 3 zuwa 6 squirrels na iya hunturu a cikin gida ɗaya.
Yin ƙaura a cikin dabbobi yana farawa a farkon kaka. Dabbobin suna da damar yin tafiyar kilomita 300 daga mazauninsu na baya.
Sake haifuwa
Adadin kwandon dawa zai dogara ne da mazaunin, galibi suna kawo zuriya sau ɗaya ko biyu a shekara, amma a yankunan kudanci zai iya zama sau uku. Akwai babban tazara tsakanin kowane ɗayan, wanda bai wuce makonni 13 ba. Lokacin kiwo zai dogara ne da dalilai da yawa:
- sauyin yanayi;
- girbi;
- yawan jama'a.
Yawanci, lokacin rutting yana faɗuwa a cikin Janairu-Maris kuma yana iya wucewa har zuwa watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, har zuwa maza 6 ana iya kiyayewa kusa da mace, wanda ta zaɓi cikin fifita ɗayan. Maza suna nuna ƙarfi a tsakanin su don kawar da mai gasa. Zasu iya yin kuwwa da ƙarfi, kafa a kan rassan bishiya ko bi juna. Bayan yin zabi, dangin zasu fara gina gida don zuriya mai zuwa.
Ciki na mace yana ɗauka har zuwa kwanaki 38, zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya na iya zama daga jarirai 3 zuwa 10. 'Yan iska suna haihuwar makafi kuma ba tare da gashi ba, wanda suka mamaye a makon na biyu na rayuwa. Yara za su iya gani ne kawai bayan wata ɗaya, bayan haka sai su fara fita daga rami don wasanni. Mata suna ciyar da zomon tare da madararsu na tsawon kwanaki 50. Brood ya bar gida a makonni 10. Dabbobi na iya samun zuriyarsu a watanni 9 ko 12.
Makiya na halitta
Tsawon rayuwar kunkuru a cikin fursuna na iya kaiwa shekaru 12, amma ga dabba a cikin yanci, wannan adadi ya rabi. A dabi'a, akwai masu farauta da yawa waɗanda ke farautar ɓarna:
- martens;
- mujiya;
- shaho;
- dawakai;
- kuliyoyi.
Mahimmanci yana rage yawan furotin saboda rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, haka kuma saboda kasancewar kowace irin cuta. Kasancewarsu rigakafin yana lalacewa sosai saboda kasancewar fleas, ticks da helminth.
