Miski saniya dabba ce. Bayani, fasali, nau'in, salon rayuwa da mazaunin musk ox

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Miski sa - dabbar da ba ta da kofato. Ya kasance tare kusa da mammoth Amma sabanin shi, bai gama bacewa ba. Yanayin yanayin sa ya taƙaita zuwa sassan Greenland da Arctic Arctic na Arewacin Amurka. A yanzu, saboda sassaucin wucin gadi, ya bayyana a yankunan arewacin Siberia da Scandinavia.

Sunan "musk ox" wanda aka karɓa a Rasha fassara ce ta zahiri ta asalin janar Latin Ovibos. Ana kiran dabbar sau da yawa azaman sa. Hakan na faruwa ne saboda warin da yake fitowa daga maza yayin daddawa. Inuit - Indiyawa, waɗanda a kan yankinsu aka sami shanu miski, su kira su da gemu.

Bayani da fasali

Saƙon miski a cikin hoto ya bayyana a sifar dabbar shaggy na matsakaiciya ko babba. Matsayin da girman da nauyin manya ya canza yana da mahimmanci. Sun dogara ne da jima'i da mazaunin da aka ba garken. Matsakaicin balagaggun maza ya kai kilogiram 350, tsayi daga ƙasa zuwa bushewa ya kai kimanin cm 150. Manuniyar mata rabin nauyi ne, kuma 30% ƙasa da tsayi.

Mafi yawan shanu na musk suna rayuwa a yammacin Greenland. A arewa - mafi ƙanƙanta. Komai yana yanke shawara ta samuwar abinci. A cikin bauta, inda ake buƙatar ƙaramar ƙoƙari don samun abinci, maza na iya samun fiye da kilogiram 650, kuma mata na iya riƙe har zuwa kilogiram 300. Bambancin da ke tsakanin mata da maza ana bayyana su da girman dabbobi.

Kamar Tibet yak, musk sa an rufe shi da ƙasa tare da ulu, gashin gashi mai shaggy. Abin da ya sa ya zama kamar dabba mai muski, tsoka. Addedara ƙarfin yana daɗawa ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasawa da babban, mai sauƙi mai sauƙi. Tare da ƙaho, kai yana aiki azaman babban makamin yaƙi.

Dukansu maza da mata suna da ƙaho. Ga maza, suna aiki ne ba kawai a matsayin kariya daga makiya na waje ba, har ma a matsayin makamai a yayin gudanar da wasannin motsa jiki. A saboda wannan dalili, kahonin maza sun fi girma girma. Sun kai girman su zuwa shekaru 6. Wataƙila, wannan zamanin ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi girman ranar haihuwar ɗa miski.

Nsahonin sanƙo na miski suna kama da ƙahonin bauna buffalo na Afirka. Tussan suna da kauri, an canza juna da juna kuma an matse kan kwanyar. Mata ba su da tushe mai kauri, a bangaren gaban tsakanin ƙahonin akwai alamar fata da ta yi fari fari da ulu.

Yankunan tsakiya na ƙahonin suna dacewa da kai kamar kunnuwa rataye, sa'annan su tashi zuwa saman. Abubuwan ƙahonin suna kallo sama, zuwa ga tarnaƙi da ɗan gaba kaɗan. Shanu miski a cikin Taimyr Ina da ƙahoni har zuwa 80 cm tsayi.Wannan tsaka yana cikin 60 cm Tsarin diamita yana iya zama 14 cm.

Kokon kan musk na da girma. Gaban goshi da saman hanci suna cikin jirgi ɗaya. A cikin sifa, kokon kansa yana kama da akwatin mai kusurwa huɗu zuwa 50 cm kuma faɗinsa ya kai 25 cm. Bonesasussukan hanci suna tsawaita zuwa 15-16 cm. Layin hakora na sama yana da faɗi 15 cm. Sauran jiki yana kama da akuya.

Masks mai launin launi daban-daban. Gashi a kai da ƙananan jiki launin launi ne launin ruwan kasa. Sauran jiki na iya zama launin ruwan kasa, baƙi, mai hayaki. Bakin zabiya miski yana da wuya sosai. Farin shanu miski a cikin yankunan da dusar ƙanƙara ke kwance kashi 70% na lokacin zai zama mai ma'ana.

Irin

A wannan zamani namu, akwai nau'ikan bijimin musk guda daya. Masana kimiyya sun kira shi Ovibos moschatus. Ya kasance daga jinsin Ovibos, wanda ke da suna iri ɗaya kamar nau'in musk. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu ba su yanke hukunci nan take ba game da asalin halittar. Da farko, kuma har zuwa ƙarni na 19, shanu masu musk suna haɗuwa da dangin bovine.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa ga alamomi da yawa musk sadabba, wanda dole ne a sanya shi ga dangin akuya. Ta hanyar dabi'un halitta, musk miski ya fi kama da takin Himalayan (Budorcas taxicolor). Wannan matsakaiciyar fasahar kere kere tana kama da wata dabbar daji mai ban mamaki da saniya a lokaci guda.

Masana ilimin halittu sun samo alamun yau da kullun tare da shanu a cikin katako - manyan awaki da ke rayuwa a tsakiya da gabashin Asiya. Wurin zama da yanayin wanzuwar katako da takins sun bambanta sosai da mazaunin shanun miski. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a waje duka ba su yi kama da musk ba. Koyaya, ana iya gano dangin dangi, masana kimiyya sun nace akan wannan.

Daga cikin dadadden zuriya, Praeovibos, ko kuma katon musk, shine mafi kusa da musk. Wasu masana suna da'awar cewa musk ta yau ta fito ne daga Praeovibos. Wasu kuma sunyi imanin cewa dabbobi sun rayu kuma sun samo asali lokaci guda. Katon musk ɗin sa'a ba shi da sa'a kuma ya mutu, yayin da sankararren musk na kowa ya tsira a cikin arewa mara daɗi.

Rayuwa da mazauni

Shanu miski yana zaune a cikin yankuna masu dogon hunturu da karancin ruwan sama. Dabba na iya samun abinci daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Sako mara nauyi har zuwa zurfin rabin mita ba cikas bane a gare shi. Koyaya, a lokacin sanyi, ya fi son zama kan gangarowa, filato, tsaunukan kogi, daga inda iska ke busa dusar ƙanƙara.

A lokacin bazara, shanu na musk suna matsawa zuwa bakin bankunan rafuka da tafkuna, yankunan da ke da ciyayi. Ciyarwa da hutawa suna canzawa koyaushe. A ranakun iska, ana keɓe lokaci don hutawa. A cikin kwanakin kwanciyar hankali, saboda aikin sauro, shanu masu musk suna motsawa sosai. Lokacin hunturu lokacin hutu ne. Garken suna birgima cikin babban rukuni, don haka suna kiyaye kanta daga sanyi da iska.

A lokacin hunturu, garken shanu na miski suna hade. Baya ga mazan da suka girma, garken ya hada da mata masu saniya, da karsana, da dabbobi matasa na jinsi biyu. Includesungiyar ta ƙunshi dabbobi har zuwa 15-20. A lokacin bazara, yawan shanu na musk a garken suna raguwa. Matan da ke da 'yan maruƙa, dabbobin da ba su balaga ba sun kasance cikin garken.

Gina Jiki

Yanayin arewa yana bawa shanu musk damar cin abinci game da nau'ikan ciyawa 34 da nau'ikan shrub 12, ban da haka, an haɗa lichen da mosses cikin abincin dabbobi. A lokacin hunturu, busassun bishiyoyi da ganyen furanni da ganye, ana cin ƙananan rassan Willow, lichens.

A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, shanu na musk suna saukowa zuwa ƙananan filayen da ke da ciyayi. Inda ake cin ciyawar ciyawar auduga, tsiro na sedge, zobo, oxalis. Ana cire ganyaye da harbe-harbe daga cikin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Ba kamar mai badawa ba, shanu na musk suna ba da hankali sosai ga mosses da lichens, amma suna cin sauran ciyayin da yawa.

’Yan maruƙa suna fara kiwo da wuri. Mako guda bayan haihuwa, suna ɗaukar ganyen ganye. A shekara ɗaya da wata ɗaya, suna cin abincin shuka. A wata biyar, 'yan maruƙa, galibi, ana yaye su daga madarar uwa, gaba ɗaya suna canzawa zuwa abincin manya.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Mata na iya haihuwa da maraƙin farko a shekaru biyu da haihuwa. Maza sun balaga har zuwa shekaru 3, amma sun zama uba daga baya, lokacin da zasu iya samun ƙarfin da zai iya dawo da ƙananan ƙananan haramarsu. Maza masu rinjaye basa yarda da gatan su ba tare da faɗa ba.

Sha'awar cikin al'amuran kiwo a cikin shanu na musk yana bayyana a tsakiyar bazara kuma yana iya ƙarewa kawai a lokacin kaka. Ranakun farawar jima'i a cikin mata ya danganta da yanayin yanayi da girbin ciyawa. Bijimai, a cikin jiran isowar lokacin saduwa, suna nemowa tare da garken. Idan akwai maza masu takara a ciki, gwagwarmayar neman iko zata fara a cikin wannan rukunin dabbobi.

Yakin bijimai kamar fako na raguna. Duelists suna karo da goshinsu, ko kuma a'a, tare da manyan kafan ƙaho. Idan bugun bai yi daidai ba, abokan hamayyar sun watse kuma sun sake gudu don saduwa da juna. Daga qarshe, ɗayan bijimai sun ba da izinin barin kungiyar. Wani lokaci bugun yana haifar da mummunan sakamako, ciki har da mutuwa.

Namiji zai iya rufe mata kusan 20 yayin rutsi. A cikin manyan garken garken dabbobi, idan adadin mata ya wuce karfin na maza sosai, manyan maza na matakin na biyu sun bayyana. Rayuwar zamantakewa a cikin garken na kara rikitarwa. Wasannin gasa sun tashi kwatsam. A ƙarshe, ana warware dukkan matsalolin aure ba tare da zubar da jini ba.

Mace tana ɗauke da ɗan tayi na kimanin watanni 8. Maraƙin ya bayyana a cikin bazara. Ba a cika samun tagwaye da haihuwa ba. Haihuwar haihuwa ana faruwa ne a cikin garken dabbobi ko kuma a ɗan tazara. A cikin mintuna 10-20 bayan haihuwa, ɗan maraƙin da aka lasa yana da ƙarfi ya tashi tsaye. Bayan rabin sa'a, filin haihuwa ya fara shan nono.

Nauyin jikin sababbin maruƙa ya kai 7-13 kilogiram. A cikin matan da suka fi girma kuma suka fi ƙarfi, calves sun fi nauyi. Saboda abubuwan gina jiki na madara, dabbobin dabbobi sun kai 40-45 kilogiram watanni 2. A watanni 4, dabbobi masu girma na iya cin abinci har zuwa kilogiram 75. A shekara daya, nauyin maraƙin ya kai kilogiram 90.

Nauyi da girman miski zama mafi girma a shekara 5, wani lokacin bayan shekara. Shanun maski na iya yin shekaru 15-20. A cikin yanayin muhalli, waɗannan fasahar suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa. A kusan shekara 14, mata sun daina haihuwa. A cikin bauta, tare da wadataccen abinci, dabba na iya rayuwa tsawon kwata na ƙarni.

Kulawa da gida

Yawan jama'ar arewacin na barewa da musk kawai dabbobi ne da ake kiyaye su a cikin yanayin juzu'i. Sakamakon noma da kiwon shanun musk har yanzu suna da kyau, amma ba fata ba. Adana shanu na miski a kan manoman gona ba su sami wani sanannen rarraba ba.

Shanu na miski dabbobi ne da suke tsaye, sun dace da rayuwa a kan makiyaya na dindindin da kuma alƙalumma. Yankin da ake buƙata don kasancewar saniya guda miski ɗaya ya kai kimanin hekta 50 - 70. Wannan kamar alama ce mai mahimmanci, amma ba a cikin yanayin arewa ba, inda dubun dubatar kadada da ta dace da shanun miski ba su da komai. Idan, duk da haka, an shigar da abincin da aka shigo da shi da kuma abincin abinci a cikin abincin dabbobi, yankin makiyaya ya ragu zuwa hekta 4-8 na kowane mutum.

Baya ga shingen katanga, ana gina rumfuna da yawa a gonar domin ajiyar kayayyakin kiwon, kayan aiki, da kayan aiki. Raba (inji) an gina su ne don gyara dabbobi yayin haɗuwa. Masu ciyarwa da masu shaye-shaye sun fitar da jerin manyan kayan aikin gona da tsari. Ga dabbobin da kansu, ana iya sanya garkuwa don kare su daga iska. Babu buƙatar tsari na musamman ko da lokacin sanyi.

Kanada da Amurka suna da ƙwarewa sama da shekaru 50 a cikin shanu na musk. A cikin ƙasarmu, ɗayan masu sha'awar suna wannan kasuwancin. An kiyasta cewa ƙaramin gona don dabbobi 20 zai ci kuɗi miliyan 20. Wannan ya hada da sayan dabbobi, aikin gini, da albashin ma'aikata.

A cikin shekara ɗaya, gonar za ta biya gaba ɗaya kuma ta samar da ribar miliyan 30. (Asa (giviot) da aka samo daga dabbobi ana ɗaukarsa a zaman babban kayan gona. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya kamata a haɓaka riba ta nama, fatu da kuma sayar da dabbobi masu rai.

Farashi

Duk da karancinsu, kan iyakancewa da keɓancewa, ana sayar da dabbobi ta kowane fanni. Kuna iya samun tayi don siyar da ƙananan dabbobi. Farashin muski yawanci ana saita shi dangane da adadin mutanen da suka samu, inda suka samo asali. Gidaje da zoos na iya zama kamar masu siyarwa.

Zai yiwu, farashin dabba ɗaya zai kasance a cikin kewayon dubu 50 - 150. Baya ga 'yan maruƙa da dabbobi masu girma, ulu ulu na musk ya bayyana akan sayarwa. Wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci. Masana sun ce giviot (ko giviut) - rigar rigar da ake zaren zaren auduga - ta ninka sau 8 kuma ta fi gashin tumaki ninki biyar.

Raarancin gashin ulu na musk ba shine kawai wahalar samo shi ba. Ana buƙatar wasu ƙwarewa don tabbatar da cewa ana bayar da ulu na musk ox. Lokacin siyan giviot akan Intanet, babban fata don kaucewa karya shine sake dubawa da ƙimar mai siyar.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Shanun shanu sun nuna ƙimar rayuwa mai rikitarwa. An haɗa su a cikin jerin abubuwan da ake kira mammoth fauna. Wadanda aka tsara su kansu mammoths da kansu, masu lalata hakori da sauran dabbobi. Ba a rarraba shanu masu yawa ba. Wannan yana bayyane ta wurin ragowar dabbobi. Amma mambobi masu yawa da iko sun mutu, kuma shanu marasa ƙyama da ƙyama sun tsira.

Bayyanar shanu na miski a Arewacin Rasha, musamman a Taimyr, yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da manufofin ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarun 70 na karnin da ya gabata, an bayyana narkewa a dangantaka tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da kasashen ‘yan jari hujja. Firayim Ministan Kanada na lokacin Trudeau ya ziyarci Norilsk, inda ya sami labarin shirin don gabatar da shanu na musk zuwa arewacin USSR.

Shirin shine, babu wadatar dabbobi. Nuna kyakkyawar aniya, Trudeau ya ba da umarni kuma Kanada a cikin 1974 sun ba da gudummawar maza 5 da mata 5 don kiwo da shanu a cikin Soviet tundra. Amurkawa ba sa son yin baya kuma sun kawo dabbobi 40 zuwa USSR. Dabbobin Kanada da na Amurka sun sami tushe. Daruruwan zuriyarsu da yawa a yau suna yawo a Rasha.

Shanun shanu a Rasha bred cikin nasara, gami da Tsibirin Wrangel. A kan wannan yankin, sun fara zama kusa da mai rake - daidai da su, tsararrun mammoths. Gasar abinci ta fara tsakanin waɗannan, ta mu'ujiza ba dabbobin da suka shuɗe.

A cikin gwagwarmayar neman abinci, babu wasu da aka kayar. Dabbobi suna rayuwa tare kuma suna hayayyafa cikin nasara har zuwa yau. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa halakar ba abar makawa bace koda a Yankin Arewa mai Nisa, tare da karancin abinci. Tun da sanyi da talauci abinci ba sa kashe dabbobin gargajiya, to mutanen fari ne suka aikata hakan. Wato, yanayin yanayin yanayin ƙaddarawa ana maye gurbin shi ta ɗan adam.

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kalli bidiyon: Adamu Fasaha RUWAN ZUMA ft Amama Original latest song Full HD 2020# (Nuwamba 2024).