Mutane da yawa suna tuna da layin sanannen waƙa daga fim ɗin almara "Amphibian Man": "Yanzu ina son shaidan teku ...". Amma kowa ya san abin da halitta take - shaidan ne na teku, banda wata babbar halitta, a zahiri? Koyaya, irin wannan dabbar tana wanzuwa, shi manta ray... Girman wannan dodo ya kai mita 9 a fadi, kuma ya kai nauyin tan 3.
Gaskiya magana, gani yana da ban sha'awa. Abu mafi ban mamaki shine yana nufin kifi. Don zama daidai - ajin kifin mai sanyin jiki, tsari mai kama da wutsiya, dangin gaggafa na haskakawa, yanayin halittar mutum. Abu ne mai sauki a bayyana dalilin da yasa aka kira shi "manta". Tabbas, daga kalmar Latin "mantium", wanda ke nufin "mayafi, mayafi." Lallai, wannan dabba mai ban mamaki tana kama da babban bargo "rataye" a cikin layin ruwa.
Bayani da fasali
Idan kai mai nutsuwa ne, kuma ka ga ɓarawo ya tashi daga cikin zurfin teku, zai zama maka babban kato kamar su lu'ulu'u. Fikafikan sa na gefe, tare da kai, suna yin wani nau'in jirgin sama na sifar da aka ambata a sama, wanda ya fi faɗi fiye da ninki biyu fiye da tsayi.
Manta ray girma ana tantancewa ta tsayin "fuka-fuki", ma'ana, tazarar da ke nesa da fika-fikan da ke tsakanin kansu, da kuma ta dabbar. Gwarzonmu ana ɗauke da ƙaton teku, shine mafi girman sanannen ɓoyayye.
Hasken Manta sune mafi girman nau'in haskoki, nauyinsu na iya kaiwa tan biyu
Mafi na kowa sune wadanda ake kira da matsakaiciyar mutane, wanda fins ɗin suka kai 4.5 m, kuma nauyin yakai tan 1.5-2. Amma kuma akwai manya-manyan samfuran, suna da tazara tsakanin iyakar fincin kuma nauyin jikinsu ya ninka biyu.
Partashin ɓangaren firam na fika kamar sassan jiki masu zaman kansu. Maimakon haka, azaman ƙafafu daban. Suna tsaye kai tsaye a bakin dabbar, kuma suna kama da faranti dogaye masu tsawo, tsayinsu ya ninka nisan ninki biyu. Yawancin lokaci mantas yana mirgine su a karkace, yana yin nau'in "ƙaho".
Wataƙila, su ne suka sa ra'ayin ya kira wannan halitta "shaidan". Koyaya, babu wani abu da ba daidai ba tare da fikawun kai. Suna da takamaiman aiki - don ciyar da abinci a cikin baki. Suna tura kwararar ruwa tare da plankton zuwa bakin budewa. Bakin manta manta yana da fadi sosai, kimanin mita ne a diamita, wanda yake a gaban kai, kuma ba kasa ba.
Stingrays, kamar yawancin dabbobin zurfin teku, suna da squirt... Waɗannan su ne abubuwan buɗe ido a bayan idanu. Yi aiki don tsotsa da tacewar ruwa wanda aka bayar ga gills. A can an “fitar da iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don numfashi daga gare ta. Idan ana tsotse ruwa ta baki, ƙazamta da yawa zasu shiga cikin hanyoyin numfashi.
A cikin haskenmu na manta, waɗannan squidrons suna haɗe tare da idanu a gefen gefen kai, sabanin sauran hasken rana. Waɗannan suna da su a kan bayansu. Ragowar gill a cikin adadin nau'i-nau'i biyar suna ƙarƙashin ƙasan kai. Jawananan muƙamuƙi ɗaya kawai yana da hakora.
Tsawon jelar halittar teku yayi daidai da tsayin jiki. Yana da wani ƙaramin fin a gindin wutsiyarsa. Amma kashin baya a wutsiya, kamar sauran kayan kwalliya, babu shi a cikin haskoki na manta. Gyaran jiki abu ne na gama gari ga mazaunan ruwa - ɓangaren na sama duhu ne, kusan baƙi, ɓangaren ƙasa fari ne fari-fari tare da kalar ruwan toka kewaye da kewayen.
Wannan abin ɓoye kama ne, na harlequin mai gefe biyu. Kuna kallo daga sama - yana haɗuwa tare da layin ruwan duhu, lokacin da kuka duba daga ƙasa sai ya zama baƙi game da asalin haske. A bayan baya akwai farar fata a sigar ƙugiya da aka juya zuwa kan kai. An haskaka ramin bakin a cikin launin toka mai duhu ko baƙi.
A dabi'a, dukkansu suna da fari fari (zabiya), kuma gaba ɗaya baki manta ray (melanist). Latterarshen yana da ƙananan ƙananan farin-dusar ƙanƙara a ƙasa (na ciki) gefen jiki. A saman saman jiki duka biyu (ana kuma kiransa faifai) akwai ƙananan tubercles a cikin nau'i na cones ko convex ridges.
Haskokin Manta ana ɗaukar su kusa da ƙarewa
Launin jikin kowane samfurin da gaske yake. saboda haka manta ray a hoton - wannan nau'in shaida ne, fasfon dabbobi. An adana hotunan na dogon lokaci a cikin tarihin, wanda ya ƙunshi bayanan waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki.
Irin
Tarihin asalin manta haskoki labari ne wanda bai cika bayyana ba kuma da ɗan rikicewa. Bakandamiyarmu ana kiranta Manta birostris kuma shine ya assasa wannan jinsi (kakani). Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yarda da shi cewa shi kaɗai yake cikin nasa hanya (monotypic). Koyaya, a cikin 2009 an gano wani na kusa kusa - Manta alfredi mai ɓarna. An ƙidaya shi azaman iri-iri a kan waɗannan dalilai:
- Da farko dai, gwargwadon launi na saman saman faifan, tabo a jiki suna a wata hanyar daban kuma suna da wani fasali daban;
- Planeananan jirgin sama da yankin da ke bakin kuma launuka daban-daban suke;
- Hakoran suna da siffa daban kuma an sanya su daban;
- Sauran girman jiki suna bayyana balaga;
- Kuma, a ƙarshe, jimlar girman dabba - sifofin diski sun kusan ninki 1.5 sau ɗaya a cikin kakannin.
Ya zama cewa daga cikin waɗannan ƙattai akwai manyan manta, amma akwai kanana. Wani lokaci manta haskoki suna rikicewa tare da mobules.
Mobules, ko barewar barewa, suna cikin wannan gidan dangin Mobulinae mai dauke da hasken rana. A waje suna kamanceceniya, suma suna da nau'i biyu na aiki da gaɓoɓi. A wannan ma'anar, su, tare da shaiɗanu na teku, suna wakiltar kawai vertebrates masu irin wannan halin.
Koyaya, suma suna da bambance-bambance. Da farko dai, ba su da fika-fikai - "ƙaho", bakin yana kan saman saman kai, babu tabo mai duhu a saman "ciki" na jiki. Kari akan haka, wutsiya dangane da fadin jiki ya fi tsayi a cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan fiye da yadda yake a manyan filaye. Akwai ƙaya a ƙarshen jelar.
Skat mobula "dan uwa" manta
Ina so in faɗi game da dangin jarumin da ya fi ƙarfin mu, mazaunin cikin ruwa mai ban sha'awa - katuwar ruwa mai tsafta. Yana zaune a cikin kogunan wurare masu zafi na Thailand. Tsawon miliyoyin shekaru, kamanninta ya ɗan canza. Greyish brown a sama da kodadde a ƙasa, jiki yayi kama da babban tasa zuwa doguwar 4.6 m da faɗi 2 m.
Tana da jela mai kama da bulala da ƙananan idanu. Saboda siffar wutsiya a cikin hanyar gungumen azaba, ta karɓi suna na biyu stingray stingray. Ya binne kansa a cikin rafin kogin kuma yana numfasawa a can ta cikin sprites dake saman ɓangaren jiki. Yana ciyarwa akan ɓawon burodi, molluscs da kadoji.
Yana da haɗari, tunda tana da makami mai haɗari - kaifi biyu masu kaifi akan wutsiya. Servesaya yana aiki a matsayin mai harbawa, tare da taimakon na biyun ya sanya guba mai haɗari. Kodayake baya afkawa mutum ba tare da wani dalili ba. Wannan tsohuwar mazaunin kogin wurare masu zafi har yanzu ba a karance su ba kuma an rufe su da asiri.
Hoton katuwar ruwa ce
Kuma a ƙarshe, game da wani wakilin ban sha'awa na stingrays - gangara na lantarki... Wannan halittar tana da karfin samar da lantarki mai karfin 8 zuwa 220, wanda da ita yake kashe manyan dabbobi. Yawancin lokaci fitowar ruwa takan dauki kashi daya ne na dakika daya, amma yawan hawan yana samarda dukkanin jerin fitarwa.
Yawancin stingrays suna da gabobin lantarki a ƙarshen wutsiyarsu, amma ƙarfin waɗannan na'urori sun fi ƙarfin gaske. Gabobin lantarki suna gefen gefen kansa, kuma sun kunshi juzu'in tsoka da aka gyara. Tana zaune a cikin ruwa mai zafi da kuma raƙuman ruwa na dukkan tekuna.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Halittar mai son zafi manta ray yana rayuwa a cikin dukkan ruwan zafi na tekuna. Yana huɗa abubuwan da ke fadada, yana iyo tare da taimakon manyan ƙuraje, kamar dai "yana tashi da fikafikai." A cikin teku, suna tafiya cikin layi madaidaiciya, suna kiyaye saurin tafiya kusan 10 km / h.
A bakin gabar teku, galibi suna iyo a cikin da'ira, ko kuma kawai suna "shawagi" a saman ruwan, suna hutawa da rawar jiki. Ana iya ganin su cikin ƙungiyoyi har zuwa halittu 30, amma kuma akwai mutane daban-daban masu iyo. Galibi motsi nasu yana tare da “rakiya” na ƙananan kifi, da tsuntsaye da dabbobin daji.
Daban-daban kwayoyin halittun ruwa, kamar masu jurewa, suna yin parasitize akan manyan sifofin diski na jikin mutum. Don kawar da su, mantas suna iyo a cikin manyan makarantun kifi da jatan lande. Wadanda suke tsabtace farfajiyar. Waɗannan hanyoyin yawanci suna faruwa a lokacin babban igiyar ruwa. Mantas yawanci suna shayar da ruwa a cikin ruwa ko kuma a saman teku. Ana kiran irin waɗannan kwayoyin tsautsayi.
Ba su da ƙarfi, suna yin manya da doguwar tafiya har zuwa kilomita 1100. Suna nitsewa zuwa zurfin kilomita 1. Watannin kaka na kaka kuma a lokacin bazara suna bin bakin teku, a lokacin hunturu suna barin teku. Da rana suna sama, da dare sai su nitse cikin ruwan. Waɗannan kwantena ba su da abokan hamayya na ɗabi'a a cikin ɗabi'a saboda girman su. Kawai manyan kifaye masu cin naman dabbobi da kifayen kifayen da ke gararamba da su.
Akwai lokacin da wani labari cewa manta rayukan suna da haɗari... Wai, waɗannan dabbobin sun '' rungumi '' masu rarrafe suna jan su zuwa ƙasan teku. Can sai suka murkushe shi har ya mutu kuma suka ci shi. Amma wannan tatsuniya ce kawai. Batun bata da haɗari ga mutane. Yana da abokantaka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai.
Haɗarin kawai zai iya zuwa daga yaɗuwa da manyan fuka-fukai. Ga mutane, ba shine burin kamun kifi na kasuwanci ba. Mafi sau da yawa suna ƙarewa cikin raga kamar abun kama-kama. Kwanan nan, yawansu ya ragu sosai saboda irin waɗannan "jujjuyawar" kamun kifi, haka kuma saboda lalacewar yanayin halittar tekuna.
Haka kuma, waɗannan kifin suna da zagayowar haifuwa. Yawancin mutanen bakin teku suna ɗaukar naman su mai daɗi da gina jiki, kuma hanta ana san shi azaman abinci mai kyau. Bugu da kari, mafarauta na kama su saboda gill stamens, wanda ake amfani da shi a maganin kasar Sin.
Duk wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa wasu daga cikin wuraren halittu masu ban mamaki an ayyana su a matsayin wuraren ajiyar ruwa. A cikin jihohi da yawa waɗanda ke kan yankin yankuna masu zafi da samun damar zuwa teku, an ayyana haramcin farauta da ƙarin sayar da waɗannan dabbobi.
Gina Jiki
Ta yadda suke cin abinci, ana iya kiran su manyan "masu tacewa". Suna da faranti masu launin shuɗi-ruwan hoda tsakanin gill arch, waɗanda na'urar tacewa ce. Babban abincin su shine zooplankton da kwai kwai. Fishananan kifi na iya kasancewa a cikin "kamawa" Suna yin tafiya mai nisa don neman yankin plankton wanda ya dace da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki. Suna samun waɗannan wurare tare da taimakon gani da ƙanshi.
Kowane mako, ray na manta daya yana iya cinye adadin abinci, wanda yake kusan 13% na nasa nauyin. Idan kifin namu ya kai nauyin tan 2, to yana shan kilo 260 na abinci kowane mako. Yana zagaye abin da aka zaba, a hankali yana dunƙule shi a dunƙule, sannan yana hanzarta kuma yana yin ninkaya ta ƙarshe tare da buɗe baki.
A wannan lokacin, kawunansu iri ɗaya suna ba da taimako mai mahimmanci. Nan take suka buɗe daga ƙaho masu juyawa zuwa cikin doguwar wukake kuma suka fara “rake” abinci a bakin mai masaukin. Wani lokacin sukanyi farauta a matsayin duka rukuni. A wannan halin, yayin aiwatar da abinci, suna da wani lokaci mai ban mamaki.
Haskoki na Manta suna ciyarwa akan plankton kuma zasu iya cinyewa zuwa kilogiram 17 kowace rana
Ofungiyar stingrays sun yi layi a cikin sarkar, sa'annan su kusa zuwa cikin da'irar kuma fara fara zagaye da sauri a cikin carousel, suna ƙirƙirar ainihin "guguwar iska" a cikin ruwa. Wannan mazuraren yana fitar da katako daga cikin ruwa kuma ya tsare shi "kamammu". Daga nan sai 'yan farauta su fara idin, suna ruwa don abinci a cikin mazurari.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Samun su yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Manta ray yana da kyau. Maza za su iya haihuwa ta hanyar yada “fikafikan su” har zuwa mita 4. Mata a wannan lokacin suna da dan fadi kadan, har zuwa mita 5. Zamanin manta haskoki a lokacin balaga ya kai kimanin shekaru 5-6.
"Bikin aure" yana farawa a watan Nuwamba kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa Afrilu. Lokaci mai ban sha'awa na neman aure. Da farko, maza suna bin "yarinyar", tunda tana da farin jini tare da masu nema da yawa lokaci guda. Wasu lokuta adadinsu na iya kai wa dozin.
Kimanin mintuna 20-30, suna dawafi a bayanta, suna maimaita dukkan motsinta. Sannan mai neman aure mafi dagewa ya kama ta, ya kamo gefen fin ɗin ya juya shi. Tsarin hadi yana daukar dakika 60-90. Amma wani lokacin sai na biyun ya zo, kuma bayan shi har mai nema na uku, kuma suna gudanar da al'adar saduwa da mace daya.
Stingrays suna rayuwa cikin zurfin kuma suna da wahalar hangowa da nazari.
Tsarin ɗaukar ƙwai yana faruwa a cikin jikin uwa. Sun kuma ƙyanƙyashe a can. Da farko, amfrayo yana ciyarwa daga taruwa a cikin jakar kwai, sannan kuma ya wuce don ciyarwa tare da jelly na sarauta daga iyaye. Hawan tayi suna bunkasa cikin mahaifar na tsawon watanni 12.
Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar ɗa ɗaya, da wuya ƙwarai biyu. Girman jikin jarirai jarirai shine 110-130 cm, kuma nauyin daga 9 zuwa 12 kg ne. Haihuwa na faruwa ne a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani. Tana sakewa cikin ruwa wani jariri ya birgima cikin birgima, wanda ke yada finshinsa ya bi uwarsa. Sannan yaran sun girma har tsawon shekaru a wuri ɗaya, a wani yanki mara zurfin teku.
Uwa a shirye take da ta samar da ɗa mai zuwa a cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu, wannan shine yawancin lokacin da ake ɗauka don dawo da jiki. Yawan rai na waɗannan ƙattai sun kai shekaru 20.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Wani lokaci jirgin ruwa na maɗaukakiyar stingray na iya juyawa zuwa ainihin iska. Haƙiƙa ya tashi sama da saman teku, yana yin wani abu kamar tsalle zuwa tsayin m 1.5. Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa hakan ke faruwa ba, amma kallon wasan yana da girma da gaske. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa: wannan shine yadda yake ƙoƙarin kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta a jikinsa, ko musayar sigina tare da wasu mutane, ko dimauta kifin ta hanyar buga jiki mai ƙarfi akan ruwan. A yanzu haka, ba a son kasancewa kusa da shi, zai iya juya jirgin ruwan.
- Idan manta manta yana so, zai iya rungume kifin whale shark, babban kifi a duniya, tare da fincinsa. Don irin wannan sikelin da girman ƙege, ana ɗaukarsa mafi girma a cikin teku.
- Masu bambancin lokaci suna cikin Tekun Indiya sunyi magana game da yadda suka shiga cikin yanayi mai zafi. Wani katon stingray ya yi iyo a gabansu, yana sha'awar kumfar ruwa daga kayan jannatin, kuma yayi ƙoƙarin ɗaga su zuwa saman. Wataƙila yana so ya adana "nutsarwar"? Kuma shi ma ya ɗan taɓa mutumin da “fukafukansa”, kamar yana kiransa ya buge jikinsa don amsawa. Wataƙila ya ji daɗin cakulkuli.
- Haskoki na Manta suna da mafi girman kwakwalwar kowane kifin da aka sani yau. Zai yiwu su ne "mafi wayo" kifaye a doron ƙasa.
- A cikin duniya, aquariums biyar ne kawai zasu iya yin alfahari da kasancewar hasken rana a matsayin ɓangare na dabbobin gida. Yana da girma sosai wanda yana ɗaukar sarari da yawa don ƙunsar shi. A cikin ɗayan waɗannan cibiyoyin da ke aiki a Japan, an rubuta shari'ar haihuwar ƙaramar ɓarna a cikin fursuna.
- A tsakiyar watan Mayu 2019, wani katon hasken manta ya juya ga mutane don neman agaji daga gabar Australia. Masanan sun ga babban ɓoyayye, wanda ya ci gaba da jan hankalinsu, yana iyo a kusa da su. A ƙarshe, ɗayan masu ninkaya ya ga ƙugiya da ke makale a jikin dabbar. Dole mutane su nutse sau da yawa ga wanda aka azabtar, duk wannan lokacin babban abincin yana haƙuri yana jiran su don su cire ƙugiya. A ƙarshe komai ya ƙare da farin ciki, dabba mai godiya ta ba da damar a shafa ta a kan ciki. An saka bidiyo tare da shi a Intanet, an sa wa jarumin suna Freckle.
