Tench - kifin kifi irin na gargajiya, mazaunin koguna da tabkuna. An yi amannar cewa kifin ya samo sunansa ne saboda narkakken sharadin: tench da aka kama ya bushe kuma lakar da ke rufe jikinta ta fadi. Dangane da wata sigar, sunan kifin ya fito ne daga fi'ili don jingina, ma'ana, daga mannewa da gamsai ɗaya.
Ana iya ɗaukar wurin haifuwa na layin a ɗauke shi da tafkunan Turai. Daga Turai, kifi ya bazu tare da kogunan Siberia da tafkuna, har zuwa Baikal. An gutsuttsura shi a Caucasus da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Sau da yawa suna ƙoƙari su sauya Lin. An gabatar da shi cikin jikin ruwa na Arewacin Afirka, Indiya, Ostiraliya.
Bayani da fasali
Halin wannan kifin yana farawa da menene tench kama?... Mizaninsa ba ya haskakawa da azurfa da ƙarfe, amma ya fi kamar kore jan ƙarfe. Babban duhu, ɓangarorin da suka fi sauƙi, har ma da ciki mai sauƙi. Yawan launuka - daga kore zuwa tagulla da daga baƙi zuwa zaitun - ya dogara da mazaunin.
Jiki mai launi daban-daban ana haɗa shi da ƙananan jajayen idanu. Funƙun fuka-fukai da bakinsu masu kaurin-baki suna inganta jin daɗin jikin tench. Daga sasannin bakin rataye ƙaramin eriya, halayyar wasu katakai.
Wani sanannen fasalin tench shine babban yawan dattin ciki da aka ɓoye da yawa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin ma'auni. Lin a hoto saboda wannan raunin, ya zama, kamar yadda masunta ke faɗi, maras kyau. Mucus - sirrin viscoelastic - ya rufe jikin kusan dukkanin kifin. Wasu suna da ƙari, wasu suna da ƙasa. Lin shine zakara tsakanin cyprinids a cikin yawan gamsai.
An samo Lin a wurare marasa talauci a cikin oxygen, amma masu wadatar parasites da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cuta. Tenwayar tench tana amsa ga barazanar daga muhalli ta hanyar ɓoye ƙwayoyin cuta - glycoproteins, ko, kamar yadda ake kiran waɗannan mahaukatan yanzu, mucins. Wadannan mahaukatan kwayoyin sunadaran suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Daidaitawar gamsai kamar na gel ne. Zai iya gudana kamar ruwa, amma yana iya tsayayya da wani kaya kamar mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana ba da izinin tserewa ba kawai daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, don guje wa raunin da ya faru yayin iyo a tsakanin mayuka, zuwa wani matakin, don tsayayya da haƙoran kifaye masu farauta.
Mucus yana da kaddarorin warkarwa kuma kwayoyin halitta ne. Masunta suna da'awar cewa kifin da ya ji rauni, ko da pike, suna shafawa a kan tench don warkar da ciwo. Amma waɗannan labaran sun fi kama da tatsuniyar kamun kifi. Babu tabbataccen tabbaci game da irin waɗannan labaran.
Moananan motsi, ɗan gajeren fashewar aikin abinci, rashin ƙarancin ingancin ruwa da yawan iskar oxygen da aka narkar da shi, warkar da ƙura abubuwa ne na dabarun rayuwa. Tare da irin wadannan maganganu masu karfi a gwagwarmayar rayuwa, tench din bai zama sanannen kifi ba, yana da kasa da lamba ga sauran 'yan uwansa masu cin karensu babu babbaka.
Irin
Daga mahangar harajin nazarin halittu, tench ya fi kusa da kifin kadina. Ya kasance tare da su a cikin gida ɗaya - Tincinae. Sunan kimiyya na jinsin kadina: Tanichthys. Waɗannan ƙananan kifaye na makarantar sanannun masanan ruwa ne. Kusancin dangi, da farko kallo, baya bayyane.
Amma masana kimiyya suna jayayya cewa yanayin halittar jikin kifin suna da kamanni sosai. Ana iya ɗaukar Lin a matsayin ingantaccen samfurin juyin halitta. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun tabbatar da hakan, suna gaskanta cewa jinsin Linus (sunan suna: Tinca) ya kunshi jinsi daya Tinca tinca kuma ba a raba shi zuwa kananan kabilu.
Al’amari ne wanda ba kasafai ake samun irin sa ba lokacin da kifi, ya yadu a cikin yankuna da dama, bai sami sauye-sauye na dabi’a ba, kuma nau’uka da dama ba su bayyana a cikin jinsin halittar ba. Jinsi iri ɗaya na iya ba da nau'i daban-daban. Wannan rarrabuwa ya fi dacewa da kimiyya. Koyaya, manoman kifi sun bambanta nau'ikan layi uku:
- tafki,
- kogi,
- kandami.
Sun banbanta a cikin girma - kifin da ke zaune a cikin tafkunan sune mafi ƙanƙanta. Da kuma ikon rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai karancin iskar oxygen - layin kogi mafi bukata. Bugu da kari, sabbin hanyoyin tench sun bayyana saboda shahararsa a tsakanin masu zaman kansu, tafkunan adon.
Don irin waɗannan dalilai, masu kiwon kifi-masu ƙirar halittar jini suna canza bayyanar kifin, ƙirƙirar layi na launuka daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, siffofin mutum goma da mutum ya kirkira, wadanda aka haifa saboda nasarorin kimiyya.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Tench — kifi ruwa mai kyau. Ba ya haƙuri da ko da ruwan gishiri mai sauƙi. Ba ta son ruwa mai sauri da ruwan sanyi. Tabkuna, tafkuna, kogunan kogi wadanda suka cika da reeds sune wuraren da aka fi so, biotopes na tench. Lin yana son ruwan zafi. Yanayin zafi sama da 20 ° C sun fi dacewa. Sabili da haka, yana da wuya ya tafi zurfin, ya fi son ruwa mai ƙanƙani.
Kasancewa tsakanin tsire-tsire na ruwa tare da samun damar samun ruwa mai tsafta shine babban salon halin tench. Ana iya yin la'akari da awannin ciyarwa da safe lokacin lokacin da kifi ke aiki da ɗan aiki. Sauran lokaci, tench ya fi son yin tafiya a hankali, wani lokacin a cikin biyu ko a cikin ƙaramin rukuni, cikin raunin zaɓar ƙananan dabbobi daga asalin. Akwai zaton cewa lalaci ne ya sanya asalin sunan wannan kifin.
Rayuwa a cikin ƙananan ruwa ya koyar da kifin halaye na musamman a lokacin sanyi. Tare da farkon sanyi, layukan sun shiga cikin rami. Canjin yanayin jikinsu ya ragu zuwa mafi karanci. Jiha mai kama da rashin bacci (rashin kwanciyar hankali) saita shiga. Don haka, layukan zasu iya tsira daga lokacin hunturu mafi tsananin, lokacin da tabkin yayi sanyi zuwa ƙasan sauran kifayen kuma suka mutu.
Gina Jiki
Theauyukan tench suna da wadataccen kayan abinci. Wannan mataccen kwayoyin halitta ne, ƙwayoyin microscopic na tsire-tsire, dabbobi, waɗanda suke cikin matakin lalacewar ƙarshe. Detritus shine babban abinci ga larch din tench.
Layin da suka bunkasa zuwa matakin soya suna ƙara ƙananan dabbobi marasa ruwa, watau, zooplankton, zuwa abincin su. Nan gaba kadan, bi da bi ya zo ga rayayyun halittun da ke rayuwa a kasa, ko kuma a saman layin na substrate, wato, zoobenthos.
Yawan zoobenthos yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru. Daga matakan ƙasa, soya tench suna zaɓar larvae na kwari, ƙananan leshi da sauran mazaunan jikin ruwa. Mahimmancin detritus a cikin abincin yara masu ƙarancin shekaru, amma tsire-tsire masu ruwa suna bayyana a cikin abincin kuma adadin mollusks yana ƙaruwa.
Babban kifin, kamar ƙwallon ƙafa na yara, ya bi abinci mai gauraya. Ellersananan mazaunan ƙasan, larba sauro da molluscs suna nan a cikin abincin tench kamar ciyawar ruwa. Rabon tsakanin furotin da koren abinci kusan 3 zuwa 1, amma zai iya bambanta gwargwadon jikin ruwa wanda wannan adadin na tench yake.
Tench yana nuna ayyukan abinci a lokacin dumi. Sha'awa kan abinci yana ƙaruwa bayan lalacewa. A lokacin rana, kullun yana cin abinci ba daidai ba, yana ba da yawancin safiya don abinci. Ya kusanci tsananin a hankali, baya nuna kwadayi na yunwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Yayinda ruwa ke ɗumi, a watan Mayu, layukan sun fara kula da zuriyar. Kafin a tashi daga haihuwa, yunwar tench tana raguwa. Lin ya daina sha'awar abinci kuma ya binne kansa a cikin ramin. Daga abin da yake fitowa a cikin kwanaki 2-3 kuma yana zuwa filayen spawning.
A lokacin da ake haihuwa, tench din baya canza halaye, kuma yana samun wuraren da yake so a kowane zamani na rayuwa. Waɗannan ba su da nutsuwa, wuraren da ba su da zurfin baya, kyawawan tsire-tsire ne da ciyawar ruwa. Shuke-shuke daga jinsin Rdesta, ko, kamar yadda ake kiransu da yawa, tsire-tsire, ana girmama shi musamman.
Tench spawns ba a sani ba. Mace tana tare da mazan 2-3. An kafa ƙungiyoyi ta shekaru. Matasa ne ke fara aiwatar da aikin samar da kwai da hadi. Groupungiyar dangi, bayan awanni da yawa suna tafiya tare, sun ci gaba zuwa abin da ake kira grater. Babban kifin ya taimaka wa mace don kawar da ƙwai, kuma namiji ya saki madara.
Babba, mace mai tasowa na iya samar da ƙwai har zuwa 350,000. Wadannan kwallaye masu makale, masu haske, koren kore suna kansu. Suna manne da ganyen tsire-tsire na ruwa kuma suna fada kan masassar. Femaleaya mace tana aiwatar da hawan keke biyu.
Dangane da cewa kifayen shekaru daban-daban basa fara haihuwa a lokaci guda, kuma saboda kusanci biyu na sakin ƙwai, an tsawaita lokacin haɓaka. Tench embryos suna bunkasa cikin sauri. Larvae na bayyana bayan kwana 3-7.
Babban dalilin dakatar da shiryawa shine zafin ruwan yana ƙasa da 22 ° C. Larananan larvae da suka rayu sun fara guguwa a rayuwa. A cikin shekarar farko, sun juye zuwa cikakken kifi wanda nauyinsa yakai 200 g.
Farashi
Korama da mutane suka kirkira na daga ɗayan mahimman bayanai game da filaye masu zaman kansu masu daraja. Ma'abocin jan hankalin ruwa yana son samun kifi a cikin kududdufin sa. Ofaya daga cikin masu gwagwarmayar rayuwa a cikin kandami shine tench.
Bugu da kari, akwai gonakin kifi masu girma dabam dabam wadanda suka maida hankali kan noman kifi. Yana da fa'ida ta tattalin arziki don siyan tench na yara, haɓaka shi kuma siyar dashi akan kasuwar kifi. Kifi tench farashin don kiwo da renon yara ya dogara da girman mutane, daga 10 zuwa 100 rubles a kowane soya.
A cikin tallace-tallace, ana ba da kifin tench mai sanyi dalla dalla 120 - 150 rubles a kowace kilogiram. An sanyaya, wato, sabo ne, kwanan nan da aka kama tench ana siyar dashi fiye da 500 rubles. da kilogiram.
Don wannan farashin, suna bayarwa don isar da kuma tsabta kifin tench... Lin ba shi da sauƙi a samu a shagunan kifinmu. Wannan samfurin abincin mai ƙananan kalori har yanzu bai sami shahara ba.
Kama tench
Babu kamun kasuwanci na tench, koda a iyakantattun adadi. Kifi mai son kifi kamawa tench talauci ci gaba. Kodayake, yayin aiwatar da kamun kifi na gida don wannan kifin, an saita bayanan. Su shahara ne.
Tench mafi girma da aka kama a Rasha yakai kilo 5. Tsawonsa ya kai cm 80. An kafa rikodin a 2007, a Bashkiria, yayin kamun kifi a cikin tafkin Pavlovsk. Rikicin na duniya yana hannun mazaunin Burtaniya Darren Ward. A cikin 2001, ya ciro tench mai nauyinsa ƙasa da kilogiram 7.
Chungiyoyin Tench da halaye suna faɗi zaɓin me kama tench, kayan kamun kifi, wuraren ninkaya. Ba a buƙatar jirgin ruwa mai sauri don kama wannan kifin ba. Amfani da kwale kwale ya zama mafi cancanta a matsayin sana'ar iyo. Tench galibi ana kama shi daga bakin ko daga gadoji.
Sanda mai taso kan ruwa itace mafi kayan aikin gama gari don kama tench. Coils, mara aiki ko mara ƙarfi, zaɓi ne. Ana kama kifi ba tare da amfani da waɗannan na'urori ba. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana sanya ƙaramin ƙaramin faɗi a kan sandar matsakaici mai tsayi, wanda a kan sa ake samar da layin masunta.
An zaɓi layin kifi da ƙarfi. Monofilament 0.3-0.35 mm ya dace a matsayin babban layi. Monoaramar ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ya dace da ƙwanƙwasa: 0.2-0.25 mm. Hugiya mai lamba 5-7 zai tabbatar da kama kowane girman tench. An zaɓi jirgin ruwa mai hankali. La'akari da abubuwan narkar da ruwa na ninkaya, an sanya pellets na talakawa 2-3 azaman nauyi.
Tench yana ciyarwa a zurfin zurfin, a tsakiyar ciyayi na cikin ruwa. Wannan yana tantance inda aka kama shi. Canjin wuri daga tsarkakakken ruwa zuwa koren ciyawar bakin teku shine mafi kyaun wurin wasan tench. Kafin kayi simintin gyaran ka na farko, kula sosai da gwal.
Ana amfani da gaurayawan da aka shirya don bream ko irin kifi galibi a matsayin koto. Don guje wa jawo ƙananan kifi, ya kamata cakuda ya ƙunshi ɓarke "ƙura". Gurasar da aka yi da kai da buhunan burodi, hatsin da aka dafa tare da ƙari na yankakken tsutsa ko ƙwarjin jini ba zai yi daɗi ba fiye da samfurin da aka gama saye.
Wasu masunta suna amfani da abincin kyanwa a matsayin babban abincin abinci. Ana hada shi da tsutsotsi ko ƙwarin jini. Tench galibi ana jarabtashi tare da cuku na gida. Rabin yawan baitin da aka yi da kanka shine ƙasa mai ɗanɗano da aka ɗauka daga kandami inda ake kamun kifi. A kowane hali, yawancin girke-girke suna dogara ne akan ilimin fifikon kifi a cikin wannan tafkin.
Galibi ana ciyar da kifin ne jim kaɗan kafin fara kamun kifi. Yanayin ya bambanta da tench mai kunya. Ana duban wurin kamun kifi na gaba a gaba. A kamun kifi mai zuwa da yamma, ana zubar da dunkulen dunƙulen koto a waɗannan wurare, da fatan cewa ƙwallon ƙafa da ke tafiya tare da hanyoyin ruwa yana jin ƙanshin abin.
Da safe, fara kamun kifi goma. Babu wani ƙwarewa na musamman da ake buƙata daga masunta, babban abu shine haƙuri. Tsutsar ciki, tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi na duniya suna aiki ne kamar koto. Ana amfani da hatsin da aka dafa da iri a wasu lokuta. Suna amfani da masara, wake, sha'ir.
Lin yana ɗaukar riba sosai a hankali, yana gano ingancinsa. Bayan ya ɗanɗana ƙugiyar, tench ɗin ya ciji da tabbaci, ya malale ruwan, ya kai shi gefe. Wani lokaci, kamar bream, yana ɗaga ƙugiya, wanda ke sa tashi ya sauka. Karkataccen kifin ba shi da kaɗan sosai, amma da kuzari.
Kwanan nan, hanyar da ke ƙasa ta kama tench tare da taimakon mai ciyarwa ya shiga aikin masunta. Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar sanda na musamman da kayan aiki na ban mamaki. Wannan igiya ce ko layin kifi tare da ƙaramin feeder haɗe da ɗorawa tare da ƙugiya.
Yin simintin gyaran kafa mai nauyi tare da cikakken mai ciyarwa na iya tsoratar da tench mai ban tsoro. Masana sun ce tare da wata fasaha, an rage farashin nan zuwa sifili. Ana tallatar kamun kifi da yawa don cin abinci kuma yana iya yaɗuwa sosai.
Noma na wucin gadi na tench
Fishing don kifi irin kifi galibi ana shirya shi a cikin tafki inda aka gudanar da haja ta wucin gadi, musamman, tare da tench. Don noman layuka, wanda ke da ɗakunan ruwa ko aika zuwa ɗakunan ajiya, gonakin kifi suna aiki.
Gidajen da suke samar da soya mai cin gashin kansu suna dauke da kayan abinci. Tare da farkon lokacin haɓaka, tsarin samar da zuriya yana farawa. Yanzu ana amfani da hanyar da ta danganci allurar pituitary. Ana yi wa mata da suka manyanta allura da guntun abin kirji.
Wannan allurar tana haifarda farawar kwai. Bayan kimanin yini guda, ɓacin rai yana faruwa. Ana karbar madara daga maza kuma a haɗata da caviar da ke sakamakonsa. Sannan qwai ake ciki. Bayan awanni 75, sai tsutsa ta bayyana.
Tench kifi ne mai saurin girma, amma yana rayuwa ba tare da wata fargaba ba, tare da ƙarancin oxygen cikin ruwa. Wanne ya sauƙaƙa tsarin kiwon kifin kasuwa. Gonakin kifi suna amfani da tafkunan da yanayi da tankunan ruwa na wucin gadi waɗanda tench ke ƙunshe dasu sosai.
A cikin tafki tare da ciyar da wucin gadi, zaka iya samun kusan kamshin 6-8 na kifin a kowace kadada daya. A cikin tafki na halitta, tsakiya na 1-2 na tench a kowace kadada na iya girma ba tare da ƙarin takin zamani ba. A lokaci guda, tench yana jure wa harkokin sufuri da kyau: a cikin yanayi mai laima, kusan ba tare da ruwa ba, yana iya rayuwa har tsawon sa'o'i da yawa.
Duk da fa'idodi, al'adun tench ba su da haɓaka a Rasha. Kodayake a Turai, kasuwancin samar da tench ana haɓaka shi sosai cikin nasara. Tench yana ɗayan ɗayan manyan tashoshin ruwa.
