Red barewa ko barewa Jinsi ne na gabashin Asiya na jan barewa. Ana samun sa a yankunan Rasha: a yankin Angara, Transbaikalia, a cikin yankin Khabarovsk da sauran yankuna na Gabas mai nisa. Yana zaune a Manchuria na kasar Sin.
Red barewa manyan dabbobi ne masu kofato, maza daga cikinsu suna da ƙahoni masu ƙaƙƙarfan reshe. Red deer siriri ne kuma mai kyan gani - ba kowane memban dabbobinmu bane zai iya samun wannan halin. Red barewa suna da sha'awa musamman don wasanni da farautar ganima.
Bayani da fasali
Girman balagaggen namiji na wannan rararrun kayan a kafaɗun ya kusa zuwa 1.6 m. A lokacin kaka, jan barewa zai iya kawo nauyinsu zuwa rabin tan. Maza da mata suna da siriri kuma masu kyan gani yayin aiki da motsi. Wataƙila shi ya sa sunan jinsin yana da ma'anar "mai daraja".
Legsafafun baya suna da ƙarfi, kusan daidai da tsayi zuwa gaba. Baya baya karkata: ana iya jan layi a kwance tsakanin nape da sacrum. Kan yana da tsayi, tare da babban bakinsa. A cikin mata, bakin bakin yana da siriri, ya fi tsafta.
Idanun jan barewa suna tsakiyar matsayi tsakanin siffa irin na almon da oval. Arealiban suna da ma'amala, sun ɗan fara fitowa. Iris mafi yawanci rawaya-launin ruwan kasa. An rarrabe glandon preorbital a fili, yana mai jaddada zurfin kallon.
Idanuwa da hanci sune abubuwa masu saurin bayyana jiki. Ana cika su da manyan kunnuwa. Bawo ɗin suna karkata zuwa ga tarnaƙi da gaba, da ƙarfin gwiwa suna ɗaukar matsayin tsaye. Ramin kunne yana da yawa. Matsayin baya na harsashi yana da kyau. A saman kunne conical ne, zagaye.
Wuyan yana da ƙarfi, an faɗaɗa shi zuwa tsawon daidai da sulusin jiki. Dukansu jinsi biyu suna da motsi. A cikin maza, an fi bayyana. Ba kamar wuya ba, wutsiya ba ta da ƙarfi. Ko kunne ya fi wutsiya tsayi. Kaho ne gatan maza. Red deer a cikin hoton jefa kansa yana nuna abin alfaharinsa.
A cikin balagaggu, ƙahonin suna da aƙalla rassa 4. Katangar akwatinan biyu suna lankwasa a cikin baka. Sashin su, kamar ɓangaren ayyukan, yana zagaye. Sashin babba na manyan kututtukan yakan zama "daji" tare da kwatankwacin kwano.
Babban launi na mata ya fi duhu. Amma wuya da goshi sun haskaka. Theananan samari suna da maɗaura da gajere fiye da mata. Jarirai, kamar yadda ya dace da barewa, suna da launi tare da layuka da yawa na farin launuka.
Ba tare da la'akari da jinsi da shekaru ba, jan barewa suna da "madubi" mai wutsiya - bambanci, wuri ne mai kyau a yankin wutsiya, wanda ke taimaka wa mai yin dabbar don daidaita kansu a cikin garken yayin saurin motsi. Tabon zai iya tashi sama da wutsiya kuma yana da ɗan launi mara tsami.
Irin
Masana kimiyya da suka bincika Gabas ta Tsakiya sun yi nazarin jajan barewa na cikin gida. A sakamakon haka, mun kai ga ƙarshe cewa jinsunan asalin asalin da ke zaune a waɗannan wurare ba suna kawai yake ba - jan barewa, har ma da wasu fasalulluka waɗanda ke ba da damar rarrabe shi azaman haraji mai zaman kansa (ƙananan). Red deer yana da dangi na kusa da 10.
- Cervus elaphus bactrianus - wanda ake kira Bukhara barewa. An rarraba a Asiya ta Tsakiya.
- Cervus elaphus atlanticus tsohuwar barewa ce. Yana zaune a cikin Scandinavia, Yammacin Turai.
- Cervus elaphus barbarus yanki ne na asali na Arewacin Afirka. Endemic ga wannan yankin.
- Cervus elaphus brauneri ƙananan raƙuman daji ne, wanda sunansa ke hade da mazaunin sa - Crimean.
- Cervus elaphus corsicanus nau'in nau'in ne. Endemic zuwa tsibirin Corsica da Sardinia.
- Cervus elaphus hispanicus - a ɓoye a cikin yankin Iberian.
- Cervus elaphus maral jinsin jan barewa ne da aka kafe a cikin Caucasus. Mafi sau da yawa, ana kiran wannan ƙananan raƙuman maral. Yawan mutanen da suka fi karko suna zaune ne a cikin kurmin daji na Arewa maso Yammacin Caucasus.
- Cervus elaphus pannoniensis.
- Cervus elaphus hibernicus.
- Cervus elaphus scoticus yanki ne na Biritaniya. An motsa daga Turai kimanin shekaru 8000 da suka gabata. A karnin da ya gabata, an kawo shi New Zealand don ya gamsar da abubuwan farautar farauta.
- Cervus elaphus songaricus yanki ne na Himalayan, galibi ana kiransa Tien Shan maral.
- Cervus elaphus yarkandensis babban yanki ne na Asiya ko Yarkand. Yankin ya dace da sunan - Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Red deer shine mafi yawan nau'ikan dabbobin dawa. Ya dace da yanayin gida, ya samo asali zuwa iri daban-daban. Wani rikice rikicewa ya faru tare da jan barewa da wapiti. A cikin wallafe-wallafen Turanci, ana kiran jan barewa da Manchu wapiti. Masana ilmin kimiyar Rasha da mafarauta sun banbanta nau'ikan jan barewa guda uku:
- Kudu maso gabas ja barewa - wannan jan barewa yana zaune a cikin Transbaikalia.
- Baƙin jan barewa dabbobi ne waɗanda suka mallaki Amur taiga da tsaunin Sikhote-Alin.
- Kudancin Yakut ja barewa - wanda aka samo a cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da Kogin Olekma.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Gandun daji na taiga tare da gangare da kwaruruka shine wurin da aka fi so lokacin bazara don jan barewa. Daga dazuzzuka, kananan rukunin dabbobi suna fita zuwa sarari tare da ciyawar ciyawa mai inganci. Tafiya da kyau tare da gangaren, barewa ja watsi da wurare masu duwatsu.
Red deer, ya bambanta da doki, barewar miski, yana canza rigarsa ba sau ɗaya ba, amma sau biyu a shekara. warming, bazara molt fara a watan Afrilu. Kan da kafafu sune farkon wadanda suka 'yantar da kansu daga hunturu, wani bangare wanda aka yiwa faduwar gaba. Daga nan sai gashi ya fara barin gaban jiki a tufke. An sake angoro na ƙarshe.
Molt ya shimfiɗa a cikin bazara. An adam masu lafiya da ƙarfi sun rabu da furun hunturu kuma suna matsawa zuwa lokacin ɗari da sauri. Mata masu ciki su ne na ƙarshe a cikin garken don su gama narkewa. Ga bijimai, wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci. Sun zubar da ƙahonninsu sun fara yin sababbi.
Antlers suna girma a lokaci ɗaya kamar samari, rigar bazara. Sabuwar fur din da yake girma bashi da sutura. Gashi bashi da yawa, dogo, jajajaja mai launin ja. Saboda wannan, barewar da kanta ta zama ja-ja ja a kan bayan ciyawar samari.
A lokacin bazara, gemu na biyu na jan barewa a hankali yakan wuce. Bayyanar gajeren rigunan hunturu sananne ne a watan Agusta. A tsakiyar Satumba, murfin lokacin rani kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Red deer ya haɗu da Oktoba a cikin tufafin hunturu.
A lokacin hunturu, garken jan barewa suna zuwa wuraren da ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara. Suna neman yankunan da bishiyar aspen da sauran bishiyun bishiyoyi suka mamaye su. Dabbobi ba sa haƙuri da sanyi sosai. Gudu daga gare su, gungun wapiti sun kwanta, dabbobin suna kusa da juna.
Red deer ya haƙura da zurfin ƙazamar dusar ƙanƙara mafi muni fiye da sanyi. Dusar ƙanƙara ta hana barewa abinci kuma ya sa ba su da ƙarfi a gaban masu cin nama. Babban mutuwar barewa na faruwa a lokacin hunturu. Da farkon narkewa, dabbobi sun bayyana a cikin farin cikin fuskantar rana.
Ba wasu da yawa daga cikin masu cin nama da ke yunƙurin rayuwar babban jan barewa. A lokacin hunturu, kerkeci, cikin ƙawance da dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, sun zama manyan abokan gaban barewa. Packungiyar kerkeci ta kori dabbar zuwa wuraren da barewar ta rasa ikon motsi. Anan ne ƙarshen jan buzu kuma bikin kerkeci ya fara.
Don damisa da damisa na Gabas, jan barewa kayan ganima ne na gargajiya. Amma lalacewar daga manyan kuliyoyi bai kai na kerkeci ba. Caranni da dabbar da aka haife ta da daddare kowane dabba mai cin nama zai iya kai masa hari, gami da manyan tsuntsaye.
Baya ga masu farauta, jan barewa na jin haushin kwarin taiga mai shan jini: dawakai, kwari, duk wanda ke cikin kalma ɗaya - mara kyau. Red deer na fama da cutar anthrax, zazzabin aphthous ko cutar ƙafa da ta baki, tarin fuka, da sauransu. Cututtukan mutane na iya haɓaka zuwa mutuwar mutane.
Gina Jiki
Red barewa — dabba mai dabbobi. Ciyawa, rassan dazuzzuka, bawon aspens da sauran bishiyun bishiyun sune babban abincin waɗannan barewar. Red barewa suna cikin aikin tara abinci safe da yamma, wani lokacin sukan ba da daren duka ga wannan.
A jikin bishiyar aspens, Willows, a wuraren da jan barewa ke rayuwa, ba shi da wuya a ga abin da ake kira ƙyama. Ta yanayin alamomin da ke jikin bishiyar, abu ne mai sauki a tantance a wane lokaci jan barewa yake sa ƙaiƙayi. A lokacin bazara akwai ruwan itace mai gudana a cikin bishiyoyi. Red deer yana cire haushi da bishiyoyi tare da cikakkun zaren, ba tare da alamun hakora ba.
A lokacin hunturu, dole ne a haushi haushi. Gogaggen maharbi ne ke tantance nau'in dabba da ya bar kitsen ciki dangane da alamun haƙora. Ya fi girma fiye da daskararren bawon, rassan bishiyoyi da bishiyun bishiyoyi suna cin jan barewa a lokacin hunturu.
Ma'adanai suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin jan barewa. Wuri guda kawai inda barewa za su iya wadatar su - lasan gishiri. A cikin irin waɗannan yankuna, dabbobi suna samun yumbu mai wadataccen cyolites, alli na halitta da mahaɗin sodium.
Ta hanyar cin shi, barewa na samarwa da jikinsu ma'adanai musamman ma a lokacin haɓakar tururuwa. Mafarauta da mutane sun sani game da wannan, banda shuke-shuke, waɗanda jikinsu ke buƙatar ma'adanai. Dukansu suna amfani da lasar gishiri don farautar jan barewa da sauran kayan fasaha.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Groupsungiyoyin garken jan barewa mata ne da yawa tare da 'yan maruƙa ɗan shekara ɗaya da' yan shekara biyu. Irin wannan garken yana da jagorancin tsohuwar barewa. Tsoffin bijimai masu son kai ne, sun fi son yin kiɗa ita kaɗai. Balaga, amma ba ƙwarewa ba, bijimai suna haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyin maza.
Hoton zamantakewar ya canza tare da farkon rut. Garkunan sun watse. Maza, suna nuna kamar sun ci gaba da halittar, fara ruri. Kunnawa jan barewa mata suna zuwa, kuma mazan suna son yaƙar abin da ya halatta daga kishiya. Abokan adawar kawai ne ke shiga cikin duel deer. A wasu lokuta, wurin da aka fi so ana karɓar jan barewa mafi ƙarfi, tare da ƙahoni masu ban mamaki ba tare da faɗa ba.
Namiji, bayan ya sake dawo da ƙungiyar mata, ya rufe su. Zai ciyar da hunturu tare da wannan rukunin. A cikin kwanaki 250-270 bayan kwafin kaka, ɗan maraƙi ya bayyana, wani lokacin biyu. Calving yana faruwa a cikin daji ko a wuraren da suka girma tare da ciyawa mai tsayi.
Na farko kwana biyu zuwa uku mace jan barewa baya kaura daga dan maraki. Sai dabara ta canza. Maraƙin yana ɓoye, kuma mace, ta kawar da barazanar ga kanta, ta yi kiwo a bayyane. Jan barewa na mako-mako yana haɗuwa da iyayensu mata kuma yana raka su yayin kiwo.
Calannuwa sun faɗi zuwa ƙwarjin mama na barewa har zuwa farkon ruttu na gaba. Amma koda bayan hakan suna tare da iyayensu mata. A wasu lokuta ana iya ganin 'yan maruƙa uku ko huɗu masu shekaru ɗaya kusa da mata. Wataƙila, waɗannan jariran ne waɗanda suka rasa mahaifiyarsu kuma aka ƙeta su da wata barewa.
Red barewa na jinsi daban-daban basa girma a lokaci guda. Mata na iya kawo ɗansu na fari bayan shekaru uku da haihuwa, maza sun fara nuna farkon namiji ne tun suna ɗan shekara 4. Tsawon rayuwar jan barewa, kamar yawancin nau'ikan jan barewa, yakai kimanin shekaru 20.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Wasu dabbobin suna mutunta su sosai har ya zama ana sanya musu zane-zane. An girmama jar barewa da wannan girmamawa. A cikin yankin Irkutsk, a cikin gundumar Bayandaevsky, a kan iyaka da karamar hukumar Ekhirit-Bulagatsky, an kafa wata alama ta jan barewa. Pavel Mikhailov, wani mai zane da zane-zane na cikin gida ne ya kirkireshi.
Shigar da sassakawar ya faru a watan Yulin 2014. Tun daga wannan lokacin, abin tunawa ya zama mafi yawan hotunan al'adu a yankin. Amma sassakar dabbar da ake alfahari da ita a cikin wasu masu yawon bude ido ta da hankali da farautar farauta: an fasa barewar dutse sama da sau ɗaya.
Ba ƙafa kawai ake daraja a cikin dabba ba. A cikin maganin gargajiya, ana amfani da elixirs waɗanda ke da kayan aikin warkewa da yawa.
- Tincture jan jijiya
- Elixir daga sashin haihuwar jan barewa.
- Shaye-shayen giya na jan gemun jelar wutsiya.
- Red deer zuciya tincture.
- Pantohematogen shine ainihin jinin jini.
- Red barewashayar da giya.
Bugu da kari ga kayan kwalliya, dukkanin wadannan bangarorin na jan barewa ana cin su a busasshe har ma da hanyar da ba a sarrafa ta ba. Mazauna gari musamman Sinawa suna amfani da sassa da yawa na jikin jan barewa a matsayin wata hanya ta ƙarfafa rigakafi da inganta yanayin rayuwa.
Mazaunan arewa suna matukar daukar wapiti kamus. Wannan ita ce fatar daga shin daga dabbar. An yi amfani dashi don takalmin skis. Ana amfani da shi wajen kera safar hannu da sauran sassan sutura. Ba za ku iya dinka manyan takalma masu kyau ba tare da kamus ba. Ana amfani da camus na kayan fasaha daban-daban, amma ana ɗauka jan barewa ɗayan mafi kyau.
Farautar jan barewa
A watan Afrilu, ƙahonin sun fara girma a kan jan barewa. Saboda su, bazara ta fara farautar jan barewa... Babban burin harbin dabbobi a lokacin da dusar kankara ke narkewa shine kama tururuwa. Ko da sunan wannan aikin - "antler" yana magana game da shi.
Daya daga cikin hanyoyin kamun jan barewa shi ne yiwa kwantan baron gishiri. A kan hanyoyi da hanyoyi, mafarauta suna samun laushi na gishiri na halitta, wanda sau da yawa jan barewa ke ziyartarsa. Amma mutane na iya ƙirƙirar tushen ma'adanai na wucin gadi. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da gishiri na yau da kullun, wanda aka shimfiɗa a wuraren da wucewar barewa zai yiwu.
Licks na gishiri na wucin gadi sun kasance suna taimakawa mafarauta wajen kama jan barewa sama da shekara guda. Dangane da al'adun gida, wannan filin wasa mai jan hankali ana ɗaukarsa mallakar mafarautan da suka ƙirƙira ta. Haka kuma, yana buƙatar tallafi na yau da kullun - jikewa da gishiri.
Lick ɗin gishirin da mutum ya yi yana jan hankalin nau'o'in barewa. Cancanta pantachi, wanda ake kira jan barewa, dako na tururuwa, ba ya bayyana a licks na gishiri nan da nan. Suna da hankali sosai. Zasu iya zuwa da yamma, tare da amincewa da amincin su.
Mafarauci a wannan lokacin yana cikin makafi. An kafa mafakar farauta a ƙasa, a cikin hanyar ɓoyewa, ko an gina shi a tsayi a cikin tsakar gidan ajiya. Pantachis ya fito ne don lasar gishiri da yamma, rabin duhu. A waɗannan yanayin, ba za ka iya yin ba tare da tocila da ganga ba. Hasken haske ba zai sami lokaci don tsoratar da barewa ba, amma zai tabbatar da harbi mai nasara.
Idan a lokacin bazara ana jan hankalin jan barewa ta hanyar bayar da gishiri, to a lokacin bazara ana ba da maza ganawa da kishiya. Gasar gemu tana farawa a tsakiyar watan Satumba. Mai farauta yana kwaikwayon kukan maza. Saboda wannan, ana amfani da bututu mai kwalliyar birch.
Awararren maharbi yana yin sautunan da ba za a iya rarrabe su da hayaniyar bijimin da aka shirya don mahimmin aure ba. Don haka, yana tsokanar dabbar da ta ji wannan rurin don shiga gasar. Sautin ya isa ga kunnen bijimin kishiya. Shi, yana yin biyayya da kiran yanayi, yana zuwa rurin yaudara.
Namiji, galibi ba shi kaɗai ba, yana tare da duka matan. Saboda haka, sau da yawa ana farauta da ruri tare. Haya daga cikin mafarautan, tare da taimakon bututu mai lalata, yana nuna kukan jan barewa, ɗayan ya hau kan baƙi, yana zaɓar wanda aka fi so.
A lokacin bazara ana farautar ƙurare kuma ana harbe mafi girman pantach. A lokacin bazara, suna shirya farautar ganima ko doke jan barewa don nama. Don fahimtar burin ganima, mafarauci yana ƙoƙari ya sami dabba mafi girma, ya sami marmari jan barewa.
Neman nama yana da wasu ayyuka. Deaƙƙarfan barewar tana da damar da za ta guje wa makomar wanda aka azabtar. Naman ta yana da tauri, ba ji ba gani. Don biyan buƙatun abinci, mai farauta ya zaɓi ƙarami, ƙaramin wanda aka azabtar.
Maimakon yaƙin gaskiya, mafarautan suna ba da jan jan barewa da harbin bindiga. Wani lokaci akwai abubuwan da suka faru. Maimakon barewa, babban bear ya fito ga mafarauci. Yana da ji mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawan ci kafin rashin nutsuwa. Ana iya jarabtar beyar da hayaniyar jan barewa, da fatan samun farauta.
Ba a yin farautar farauta ba kawai yayin kama jan barewa ba. Sauran raƙuman ruwa na ainihin jan barewa suma sun zama lambobin farauta, na faɗi saboda wannan yaudarar. Ana samun Wapiti iri ɗaya a Kanada.
Bayan farauta don ruri, lokaci yayi da za a farautar dabbar kan dusar ƙanƙan da ta faɗo kwanan nan. Farautar farauta kasuwanci ne mai wahala wanda ke buƙatar juriya ta musamman, ikon ɓoyewa, da taka tsantsan. Amma irin wannan farautar tana da kusanci da soyayyar soyayya, kwatancen littattafai na ganimar dabbar.
