Podaliry malam kwari. Bayani, fasali, jinsuna da salon rayuwar malam buɗe ido na Podalirian

Gwaninta - malam buɗe ido na dangin jirgin ruwa. An lakafta shi ne bayan tsoho likitancin Helenanci Podaliry. Bayyanar asali ce kuma abin tunawa. Mafi yawanci ana samunsu a cikin dumi Turai, Asiya, Turkiya da Afirka. A halin yanzu, a wasu ƙasashe, an lissafa malam buɗe ido a cikin Littafin Ja. Lambarta tana raguwa saboda raguwar shuka da kuma tushen abinci.

Bayani da fasali

Podalirium nasa ne na cututtukan fata - kwari ne da aka haɓaka sosai idan aka kwatanta da mafi yawan ƙananan invertebrates. Ya samo sunan daga gabobinsa. Siffa ta daban mai rarrabewa ta wannan halitta ita ce kwarangwal.

An samo shi daga faranti polysaccharide mai ƙarfi ko quinine. Malam buɗe ido yana da hadadden tsarin tsokoki waɗanda ke haɗe da mahimmin abu daga ciki. Duk motsin jiki da gabobin ciki suna hade da su.

Tsarin malam buɗe ido na Podalirii:

• Doguwa da kunkuntar ciki.
• Kan yana karami.
• Gaban goshi.
• Idanun manya ne, masu fasali. Podaliry yana rarrabe abubuwa masu motsi da kyau. Yana gani a kusa kusa, amma kuma yana rarrabe ƙananan silhouettes da kyau. Gano launi yana faruwa daga mita 3-4. Ba za su iya ganin jan inuwa ba, amma suna iya tsinkayar sashin ultraviolet na bakan, wanda mutum ba ya lura da shi. Duk zanen malam buɗe ido suna bayyana haske.
• Eriya mai kama da kulob. Ta wata hanyar kuma ana kiransu "eriya". Ya kasance akan ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren kai. Wannan shine babban gabban jikin mutum. Mai mahimmanci don gano ƙanshin da daidaitawa cikin gudu.
• Kirji tare da fluff.
• Proboscis. Na'urar tsotsa tsaka tsaka mai tsini wacce aka tsara don kamuwa da ruwan sanyi. Kafa daga ƙananan muƙamuƙi da lebe.
• Gaba, baya da tsakiyar kafafu. Ana buƙatar su da farko kawai don samun gindin zama a wuri ɗaya, sannan kawai don motsi.
• Nau'i biyu na fikafikan (gaba - triangular, raya - m). Fenders suna da aikin tsabtace kai. Su ne m da m. Particlesananan ƙwayoyin danshi da ƙazanta suna sa wahalar tashi sama. A saman fikafikan akwai ma'auni masu juye tare da tsagi. Danshi da datti sun zame su.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk butterflies na Podalirian suna da gabobin Jones. Yana aiki azaman mai nazarin sautikan sauti da girgizawa. Tare da wannan, gabobin malam buɗe ido ke sadarwa da juna.

Tsarin ciki na jikinta:

• gabobin ɓarna;
• hanji;
• goiter;
• zuciya;
• al'aura;
• jijiya;
• kwakwalwa.

Irin waɗannan malam buɗe ido suna da ingantaccen tsarin juyayi da gabobin azanci. Godiya ga wannan, suna dacewa da yanayi kuma suna saurin amsawa ga haɗari. Tsarin juyayi yana da sassa biyu:

• zobe na periopharyngeal;
• igiyar jijiya na ciki.

A cikin kan malam buɗe ido, ana yin kwakwalwa ne daga haɗarin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Shi ke da alhakin dukkan motsi. Tsarin jini yana da nau'in budewa. Wanke dukkan kayan ciki da kayan ciki. Bata shiga numfashi. Don yin wannan, trachea tana rassa ta jikin malam buɗe ido, ta inda iska ke shiga.

Launi

Malam buɗe ido yana da cream ko launin jikin rawaya mai haske. A fuka-fukan akwai zane a cikin sifa iri-iri na baƙi masu girma iri daban-daban. Akwai iyakar duhu tare da gefen. A kan fikafikan bayan fage akwai daskararrun launuka masu launin shuɗi mai zurfi.

Anan, kowane ɗayan yana da ma'ana a cikin hanyar ido tare da jan firam. Launin daga cikin fukafukan daidai yake da na waje. Launin mutane na iya bambanta dangane da lokacin haihuwa. Mutanen da aka haifa a cikin bazara suna da ratsi mai rawaya a gefen fikafikan su. Kwarin bazara ba su da shi.

Irin

Podalirius - malam buɗe ido, wanda ke da nau'ikan da yawa da aka samo a sassa daban-daban na duniya:

Rayuwa da mazauni

Podalirius na zaune a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Ana iya samun shi:

• a Arewacin Afirka;
• a Kusa da Gabas ta Tsakiya;
• a Turai;
• a cikin Scandinavia;
• a tsibirin Burtaniya;
• a cikin Kirimiya

A cikin shekara guda, ya maye gurbin ƙarni biyu:

• na farkon ya tashi daga Mayu zuwa Yuni;
• na biyu shine Yuli-Agusta.

A yankin arewacin Alps, tsara ɗaya ne kawai ke bayyana tsawon lokacin. Babban aikin butterflies yana faruwa a yanayin rana daga sa'o'in 12.00 zuwa 16.00. Kwari suna son yankunan ƙasa mai dumi tare da shuke-shuken da ke girma akan ƙasa mai kulawa. Hakanan akwai:

• a cikin farin ciki;
• a gefunan daji;
• a cikin kwazazzabai;
• a cikin dazuzzuka masu haske.

Maza suna son zagaye kan tsaunuka. Sau da yawa zaka iya gani kwalliya a cikin hoto, kamar yadda yake son furanni da wuraren shakatawa a ƙauyuka.

Gina Jiki

Malam buɗe baki yana daina haifuwa da zarar sunadaran sunadaran sun kare. An tilasta mata ta shanye abinci mai ruwa-nectar. Ita ce babbar hanyar samar da abinci. Wannan halitta mai ban mamaki tana ba da gudummawa ga shuke-shuke. Pollen daga ɗayan tsire yana makale a ƙafafuwanta da jikinsa kuma ana canza shi zuwa wani tare da tashi.

Podaliria caterpillar fi son amfani da bishiyoyi masu fruita fruitan itace:

• cherries;
• plum;
• itacen apple;
• tokar dutse;
• juya;
• peach.

Caterpillars suna son bishiyoyin ganye a gefuna. Abinci galibi ana yin safiya da dare. Tana bacci da rana.

Cikakken malam buɗe ido ya fi son furanni:

• hawthorn;
• honeysuckle;
• furen masara;
• tsintsiya;
• rosaceae;
• curls.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Ci gaban malam buɗe ido yana faruwa tare da sarkar rayuwa mai zuwa:

• kwai;
• caterpillar;
• 'yar tsana;
• cikakke kwari.

Mating da kwanciya qwai

Lokacin da lokacin kiwo ya fara, Maza Podalirian suna aiki. Sun fara neman abokan zama. Sun zama masu tsananin tashin hankali ga wasu mutane. Suna ƙoƙari su kori mazajen baƙi daga yankin da aka zaɓa. A wannan lokacin, galibi suna ƙoƙari su tashi sama zuwa ƙasa mai dausayi ko kududdufi domin cika wadatar abubuwan da aka samo.

Yin jigilar kanta zai iya faruwa a kan rassan bushes ko kawai a ƙasa. Bayan hadi ya faru, mace zata fara neman wani kebantaccen wuri. Yawancin lokaci tana amfani da rassan bishiyun bishiya kamar haka.

Zata ci daga cikinsu kuma anan zata shimfida shimfidar a bayan takardar. Kwai Podalirii launin kore ne mai duhu. Kansa na iya zama ɗan ja. Launi ya canza zuwa shuɗi dangane da matakin balaga. Baƙon hoto ya bayyana. Balagowar ƙwai yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-8.

Ci gaba da tsarin kwari

Caterpillar wata tsutsa ce ta malam buɗe ido. Jikinta yana da sassa uku:

• ciki;
• kirji;
• kai.

Kan ya kunshi sassa 6 hade hade. Idanun suna kanana, masu sauki. Cizon bakin. Kafin haihuwar kwari, ƙwai mai haske ya zama duhu. Lararamin tsutsa tare da tsawon gnaws 3 mm ta cikin harsashi da kansa. A matakin farko na rayuwa, baƙar fata ce tare da ƙananan ƙananan kore guda biyu a bayanta. Jikin an lullubeshi da murtuke bristles.

A wannan matakin na zamani, kwayaron riga yana da nau'i-nau'i 3 na thoracic da 5 nau'i biyu na ƙafafun ciki na ƙarya Suna ƙarewa da ƙananan ƙafa. A karo na biyu, kyanwa ya fara narkewa. Bakar tattaka ta bar ganye. Ya zama kore. Raƙƙin fari ya bayyana tare da bayanta. Lines maƙalari suna kan layi. A cikin shekaru na uku, ɗigon ruwan lemu sun bayyana.

Babban ci gaban kwari daga farawa zuwa ƙarewa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 25. Ga kowane zamani, ana ware kwanaki 3-5. Bayan an gama shude molt, kyankuru ya cinye tsohon abin yanka. Kafin pupation, tsutsa ta kai tsawon 30-35 mm.

Kututuwa na podaliria suna amfani da osmetry don kare kansu. Yana da gland shine yake da kama da ƙaho. Dake kan gaban kirji. Idan kuruciya ya hango haɗari, yana tura ƙirar gaba, yana fitar da ƙanshi mara daɗi kuma yana tsoratar da abokan gaba. Shima koren launi yana taimakawa wajen kare kwari. Tare da shi, ta zama ba a ganuwa. Babban maƙiyan kwari sune:

• yin addua;
• ƙwaro
• mazari;
• gizo-gizo;
• yin addua;
• tururuwa;
• wasps.

Parasites na iya sa ƙwai a cikin jikin kwari. Lokacin da aka haifi tsutsa masu cutarwa, sukan fara cin ta da rai. Abokan gaba mafi haɗari sune wasps da ƙudajen tahini.

Sun sanya zuriyarsu a cikin kwari, wanda ke ci gaba da girma da girma. Yana pupates, amma ba malam buɗe ido ya bayyana, amma m parasite. Ya kamata a lura da cewa babu wanda ya kai hari ga balagaggun 'yan baya.

Mataki - chrysalis

Kafin pupating, sai dan kwari ya daina ciyarwa. A baya, tabo na launin ja-launin ruwan kasa sun fara bayyana. Launi na pupa ya bambanta daga yanayi zuwa yanayi:

• a lokacin rani yana da kore-rawaya;
• a cikin kaka - launin ruwan kasa.

Caterpillars pupate a wurare daban-daban. Wasu suna yi a kan rassan bishiyoyi. Wasu kuma suna ƙoƙari su ɓuya a cikin keɓaɓɓun wuraren da ba a san su ba. Idan kwaron ya buqaci ya baci, to zai yi haka a lokacin jan. Tsawan rayuwa na Podalirian malam buɗe ido shine makonni 2-4. A wannan lokacin, tana kula da saduwa da ƙwai don ci gaban zuriyar.

Kariyar kwalliya

A halin yanzu, malam buɗe ido na wannan nau'in yana cikin littafin jan littafin Rasha, Ukraine da Poland. Akwai dalilai da yawa da suka haifar da wannan:

• Lalacewar dazuzzuka da sauran gonaki waɗanda mazauna ne ga malam buɗe ido.
• Jiyya na lambuna da wuraren shakatawa tare da magungunan kwari.
• Kona ciyawa a gefuna da rafin inda pupae na iya hunturu.
• Rage filaye don ciyarwa, wanda aka bayar don ƙasar noma ko gini.

Duk wuraren da aka san su inda Podaliry ke rayuwa suna da kariya. Kame su doka ta haramta.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Daga haihuwa, butterflies suna da kyau, haske da ban mamaki. Amma komai kirkirar halitta ne saboda dalili:

• Don zama sananne ga juna, suna da launi mai haske. Masu farauta suna tsoron waɗannan furannin. Cutar kwari na iya zama abin ƙyama ko guba.
• Sikeli akan fuka-fuki ba wai kawai yana korar datti bane. A tsarinsu, akwai wasu tsarukan gani wadanda idan suna mu'amala da hasken ultraviolet, zasu haifar da sabbin launuka wadanda ba zasu iya gani ga idanun mutum ba.
• Duk butterflies, gami da podalirii, na iya samun ma'aurata a nesa mai nisa.
• Butterflies Sailfish suna da babban sha'awar haifuwa. Wasu mazan wannan kwarin na iya hada mace da zaran ta fito daga jarun. Wasu lokuta basu ma da lokacin yada fikafikansu kafin wannan.
• Butterfly caterpillars just seem clumsy. Suna da hadadden tsarin tsoka wanda ya hada da kusan nau'ikan 2,000. Caterpillar yana numfasawa ta hanyar spiracles na musamman wanda yake cikin sassan ciki.
• Butterflies sun saba da yanayin rayuwa iri-iri. Har ma sun koyi hango yanayin. Sa'a guda kafin mummunan yanayi, suna neman kebabbun wurare suna buya.
• Mace podalirii ta fi ta namiji girma. Tana da kusan launi iri ɗaya kamar na haɗiyen haɗiye.