Trumpeter suna ne na gama gari don nau'ikan nau'ikan gastropods na ruwa. Kodayake yawan jinsin yana da girma kuma sun kasance daga dangin buccinid, ana amfani da kalmar “mai busa ƙaho” a wasu lokuta ga wasu katantanwa na teku tsakanin iyalai da yawa.
Bayani da fasali
Iyalin ƙaho sun haɗa da yawancin manyan gastropods, waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa 260 mm a tsayi, da ƙananan jinsunan da basu wuce 30 mm ba. Mafi yawan nau'ikan halittar da ke arewacin duniya shine buccinum gama gari. Wannan Karar ƙaho yana zaune a cikin ruwan gabar tekun Arewacin Atlantika kuma yana iya zama babba, tare da harsashi har zuwa 11 cm tsawo kuma zuwa 6 cm fadi.
Masu busa ƙahoni wani lokaci suna rikicewa da strombids. Amma strombids (ko strombus) suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zafi mai dumi kuma suna da ciyayi, yayin da buccinids sun fi son ruwan sanyi kuma abincin su ya ƙunshi nama.
Tsarin Trumpeter:
- Abubuwan da ke gaban duk masu busa ƙaho shi ne harsashin da aka juya a cikin karkace kuma tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen. Jujjuyawar karkace tana da ma'amala, tare da mai kusurwa ko kafada zagaye kuma an raba ta da zurfin dinki. Saurin fuska yana santsi. Sassakar ta kunshi kunkuntun igiyoyi masu girma iri ɗaya kuma masu ɗan kaɗan.
- Bakin (budewa) babba ne, da ɗan siffa mai fasali tare da tashar siphon a bayyane. Mai busa ƙaho yana amfani da gefen buɗewa (leɓe na waje) azaman dunƙule don buɗe baƙin molluscs na bivalve. An buɗe buɗewar tare da murfi (operculum) haɗe zuwa ɓangare na sama na ƙafar katantanwa na teku kuma yana da tsari mai kyan gani.
- Jiki mai laushi na katantanwar teku yana da tsayi da karkace. A haɗe da kyakkyawan sanannen tabarau ne masu banƙyama, waɗanda suke da matukar damuwa da taimako a cikin motsi da neman abinci. Idanu biyu masu amsa haske da motsi za'a iya samunsu a ƙarshen tantin.
- Trumpeter - clam tekuwanda ke ciyarwa akan doguwar, proboscis mai siffar zobe, wanda ya kunshi baki, radula, da kuma esophagus. Ana amfani da radula, wacce hanya ce mai jan layi tare da layuka masu tsayi na chitinous da hakoran hakora, ana amfani da ita wajen kankarewa ko yanke abinci kafin ya shiga cikin esophagus. Tare da taimakon radula, mai busa kaho zai iya huda rami a cikin kwanson abincinsa.
- Gyalen ya samar da faifai tare da iyakar bakin ciki sama da ramin reshe. A gefen hagu, yana da madaidaiciyar hanyar buɗewa, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar haɓaka ko ɓacin rai a cikin kwasfa. Biyu gills (ctenidia) suna elongated, rashin daidaito da pectinate.
- Partananan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi ƙafa mai faɗi, tsoka. Mai busa ƙaho yana motsawa a tafin kansa, yana fitar da taguwar raunin tsoka tare da tsawon ƙafa. Ana ɓoye ɓoye don sauƙaƙe motsi. Kafa na gaba ana kiran shi propodium. Aikinta shine tunkude laka kamar yadda katantanwa take rarrafe. A ƙarshen kafa akwai murfi (operculum) wanda ke rufe buɗewar harsashi lokacin da aka cire mollusk a cikin harsashin.
Yanayin jikin mutum na harsashin mai busa shine siphon (tashar siphon) wacce alkyabbar ta kirkira. Tsarin tubular jiki wanda ruwa ke shiga cikin kogon mayafi kuma ta ramin gill - don motsi, numfashi, abinci mai gina jiki.
Siphon sanye take da kayan kwalliya don neman abinci. A gindin siphon, a cikin kogon alkyabbar, shine osphradium, gabobin kamshi wanda ke samarda su ta hanyar epithelium na musamman kuma yana tantance ganima ta kayan sunadarai a nesa mai nisa. Trumpeter hoton yayi kama da ban sha'awa da kuma sabon abu.
Launi daga kwasfa ya bambanta dangane da jinsin, daga launin toka zuwa fari, yayin da ƙafafun kumburi fari ne mai duhu. Kaurin harsashi na masu busa a cikin ruwa mai sanyi da ruwan sanyi galibi siriri ne.
Irin
Trumpeter - clam, an rarraba kusan kusan dukkanin tekun duniya, daga litattafan zuwa yankunan bathypelagic. Ana samun manyan nau'in a cikin tekun arewa da na kudanci, a cikin ruwan sanyi da sanyi. Mafi yawansu sun fi son kasan wuya, amma wasu suna zama da yashi mai yashi.
Wani sanannen nau'in dabbobin ruwa na Tekun Atlantika wanda aka samo a gabar Burtaniya, Ireland, Faransa, Norway, Iceland da sauran ƙasashen arewa maso yammacin Turai, kuma wasu tsibiran Arctic sune buccinum ko ƙahon wavy.
Wannan gastropod trumpeter ya fi son ruwan sanyi mai gishirin 2-3%, kuma ba zai iya rayuwa a yanayin zafi sama da 29 ° C ba, yana dacewa da rayuwa a cikin yankin yankin saboda rashin haƙuri da ƙarancin gishirin. Yana zaune ne a kasa daban-daban, amma galibi akan laka da yashi mai yashi na teku, a zurfin daga mita 5 zuwa 200.
Manya sun fi son yankuna masu zurfi, yayin da ake samun yara a kusa da gabar teku. Launin kwasfa yawanci yana da wahalar tantancewa yayin da ake narkar da mollusk kamar algae ko kuma a rufe shi da bawo. Ana samun Neptunea a cikin tekun Arctic; a cikin tekun kudu mai yanayin yanayi - manyan jinsunan jinsin Penion, wanda aka fi sani da kahon siphon (saboda yana da siphon mai tsayi sosai).
Wani nau'in da ke cikin Tekun Japan wanda za'a iya samu a cikin ruwan gabar tekun Koriya ta Kudu da gabashin Japan - Kelletia Lishke. A kudancin Tekun Okhotsk da kuma Tekun Japan, verkryusen buccinum (ko Okhotsk sea buccinum) ya bazu.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Masu busa ƙahoni sune ƙananan molluscs: suna rayuwa a ƙasa da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa a cikin yashi mai yashi ko yashi mai yashi. Tunda murfin gill dinsu baya rufe budewar harsashi da karfi, ba zasu iya rayuwa a cikin iska ba, kamar wasu kwarkwata, musamman mussel.
Yanayin yanayi yana da tasiri mai yawa a rayuwar mai busa ƙaho. Growthimar girma mai girma ana iya ganinta a cikin bazara da bazara, tare da wasu ci gaban da ke faruwa a lokacin bazara. Yana jinkiri ko tsayawa a lokacin watannin hunturu, lokacin da masu busa ƙaho kan shiga cikin laka su daina ciyarwa. Lokacin da ruwan yayi zafi, sai su bayyana suna ciyarwa. Lokacin da ruwan yayi dumi sosai, sai su sake burrow, ba rarrafe har sai kaka (daga Oktoba zuwa farkon dusar ƙanƙara).
Gina Jiki
Mai busa ƙaho mai cin nama ne. Wasu jinsin dangi suna cin karensu babu babbaka, wasu kuma suna cin wasu zubin, wasu kuma - masu cin gawa. Abincin abincin buccinum na yau da kullun an bayyana shi a cikin mafi yawan bayanai. Yana ciyarwa akan tsutsotsi polychaete, bivalve molluscs, wani lokacin ya mutu, waɗanda taurari na teku suka kashe, ƙyauren teku.
Lokacin farauta, mai busa kaho yana amfani da sinadarai masu motsa jiki a cikin osphradium (wata kwayar halitta a cikin kogon mara) da kuma kafa mai karfi don motsa kansa tare da kasan ta sama da santimita 10 a minti daya. Tare da kyakkyawar ƙamshin ƙamshi da kuma fahimtar kwararar ruwan dake gudana daga tubunan ciyarwar na mollusk, yana iya rarrabe tsakanin yuwuwar ganima da mai farauta.
Da zaran an samu abin farautar, mollusk din yana kokarin yaudarar wanda aka azabtar kuma ya binne kansa a cikin kasa. Yana jira don bivalve ya buɗe sassan harsashi. Matsalar ita ce musulla ba sa iya yin numfashi tare da bawo a rufe kuma wani lokacin sai su buɗe don kauce wa shaƙa.
Mai busa ƙaho yana tura siphon tsakanin rabin ɗin kuma don haka hana rufin rufewa. Siphon yana biye da proboscis tare da radula. Tare da dogon hakora masu kaifi, yakan yaga nama daga laushin jikin mussel, yana cin shi cikin kankanin lokaci.
Klam ɗin kuma yana amfani da leɓen waje na ƙwarjin don gutsurawa da buɗe kwasfa, riƙe shi da ƙafarta ta yadda gefen bakin ƙwarjin bivalve yana ƙarƙashin leɓen waje na ƙarar ƙaho. Chipping yana ci gaba har sai an kirkiri wani rami wanda zai baiwa mai busa damar ya sassaka harsashinsa tsakanin bawul gandu.
Wata hanyar samun abinci, idan abin farauta ba abu ne na bivalve ba, shine a yi amfani da wani sinadarin da glandon yake ɓullowa wanda yake tausasa alli. Ana iya amfani da radula yadda yakamata don huda rami a cikin harsashin wanda aka azabtar.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Masu busa ƙahoni sune dioecious molluscs. A mollusk ya kai ga balagar jima'i a cikin shekaru 5-7. Lokacin saduwa ya dogara da yankin da suke zaune. A cikin yankunan sanyi, ana yin dabbar ta hanyar bazara a lokacin bazara lokacin da yanayin zafin ruwan ya tashi.
A cikin yankuna masu dumi, kamar Ruwa na Kogin Turai, masu busa ƙaho suna haɗuwa a lokacin faduwar lokacin da zafin ruwan ya sauka. Mace tana jan hankalin namiji da pheromones, tana rarraba su cikin ruwa a yanayin zafin da ya dace. Haɗin ciki yana ba kwayar halittar ruwa damar samar da kawunansu don kare ƙwai.
Bayan makonni 2-3, mata suna kwan ƙwai a cikin kwantena masu kariya waɗanda aka haɗe da duwatsu ko bawo. Kowane kwantena ya ƙunshi daga ƙwai 20 zuwa 100, a cikin wasu nau'ikan za'a iya haɗa su kuma a cikin manyan mutane, har zuwa ƙwai 1000-2000.
Gwanon kwai yana ba wa amfrayo damar bunkasa yayin bayar da kariya.Kodayake, kashi daya cikin dari na samari ne ke raye, saboda yawancin kwayayen suna amfani da su azaman tushen abinci daga amfanoni masu girma.
A cikin kwan, amfrayo yana zuwa matakai da yawa. Mai busa ƙaho ba shi da matattarar tsalle-tsalle mai ninkaya. Cikakken ɓanƙan ruwan katantanwa na ruwa suna fitowa daga kawun bayan watanni 5-8. Matasa na iya zama daga uba daban-daban, yayin da masu kaho ke haduwa sau da yawa kuma mace tana riƙe da maniyyi har sai yanayin waje ya yi kyau.
Gastropods ana amfani da shi ta hanyar tsarin halitta wanda aka sani da torsion, wanda yawancin visceral (viscera) na katantanwar teku yana juya 180 ° dangane da cephalopodium (ƙafafu da kai) yayin haɓaka. Torsion yana faruwa a matakai biyu:
- marhala ta farko ita ce muscular;
- na biyu mutagenic ne.
Illolin torsion sune, da farko, ilimin lissafi - jiki yana haɓaka haɓakar haɓaka, gabobin ciki suna fuskantar mahaɗar juna, wasu gabobi na ɗaya (mafi sau da yawa hagu) gefen jiki suna raguwa ko ɓacewa.
Wannan juyawa yana kawo ramin alkyabbar da dubura a zahiri; kayayyakin tsarin narkewa, fitarwa da na haifuwa ana sake su a bayan kan mollusk. Torsion yana taimakawa wajen kare jiki, yayin da aka tara kai a cikin kwasfa a gaban kafa.
Tsawon rayuwar babban zirin teku, ban da yanayin dan adam, daga shekara 10 zuwa 15 ne. Mai busa ƙaho yana girma ta amfani da alkyabba don samar da iskar carbonate don faɗaɗa harsashi a kusa da tsakiyar tsakiya ko columella, yana ƙirƙirar abubuwan dubawa yayin da yake girma. Whoarshe na ƙarshe, yawanci mafi girma, shine juyawar jiki wanda ya ƙare ta hanyar samar da buɗe ƙofa don ficewa.
Kamawa mai busa ƙaho
Kodayake mai busa ƙaho yana da ƙimar darajar kasuwanci, ana ɗaukarta azaman farin ciki na gastronomic. Akwai lokutan kamun kifi guda biyu na masarufi - daga Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Yuni kuma daga Nuwamba zuwa Disamba.
Ana kama shi galibi cikin ruwan bakin teku a kan ƙananan jiragen ruwa ta amfani da tarko, kwatankwacin waɗanda na lobsters, amma ƙarami a girma kuma mafi sauƙi a cikin zane. Yawanci galibin kwantena ne na roba waɗanda aka rufe da nailan ko raga ta waya tare da ƙaramar buɗewa a saman.
Ofasan tarkon yana da nauyi don tsayawa a tsaye a kan tekun, amma tare da ƙananan ramuka don ba da damar malalewa yayin safara. Mollusk yana rarrafe ta hanyar ƙofar gidan mai kama da mazurari, amma da zarar ya makale, ba zai iya fita ba. Tarkunan suna haɗe da igiyoyi kuma an yi musu alama da iyo a saman ƙasa.
Mai busa kaho sanannen abinci ne, musamman a Faransa. Ya isa a kalli “farantin teku” (assiette de la mer), inda za ku sami yanki mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano na kwalban (kamar yadda Faransanci ke kira ƙaho), tare da ƙanshin ruwan gishiri.
Wani muhimmin wurin zuwa shine Gabas mai nisa, inda rubutu da daidaito na mai busa ke sanya shi kyakkyawan madadin kifin kifin na thermophilic, wanda yanzu yake da ƙima da tsada sosai saboda yawan kifi.
