Daya daga cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan kifin kifin shark shine katran. A cikin duniya ana kiranta daban - Blackarfin Bahar Black shark, tsiraici har ma da karen teku. Ba ya haifar da haɗari ga mutane.
Bayani da fasali
Katran - wannan karamin nau'in kifin kifin kifin kifin na shark ne, wanda tsayin sa ya kai kadan fiye da mita daya da rabi, kuma ya kai nauyin kilogiram 12. Wasu lokuta akwai manyan samfuran. Idan ka kwatanta katrana a hoto tare da sturgeon, zaka iya samun kamanceceniya da yawa.
Tsarin jikin da elongated siffofin nuna na wannan rukuni. Tsakanin gaban da na baya, dukkansu suna da juyayi wadanda suke kusan kaiwa girman ƙwanan. Har ila yau, notochord, wanda aka kiyaye shi a cikin duka rayuwa.
Katran mai kyau ne da ninkaya mai siririn jiki. Anyi la'akari da mafi cikakke ga babban kifi. Yana sauri a cikin ruwa saboda jelarsa, wanda, kamar filafili, yana taimakawa daidaitawa cikin ruwan. Girman cartilaginous da manyan fika-fikai suna taimakawa wajen yin juzu'i don haka kara saurin gudu.
Jikin katran, wanda ya dace da farauta, an lulluɓe shi da sikeli masu ruwan toka mai kauri tare da haƙoran haƙoran yawa. Kusan babu kasusuwa a jikin jikin kifin kifin, kawai kwarangwal ne mai ƙanƙan da ke ciki, wanda ke ba shi damar zama mai laushi da walwala. Wannan kwarangwal din yana taimakawa matuka wajen sauƙaƙa nauyin mai cin ruwa, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba.
A saman idanun, akwai ƙananan filayen fila-filaye masu rassa. Ana kiransu ruwan wukake. Kifin kifin kifin, kamar sauran wakilai, yana da babban baki, mai kaifin baki a cikin siffar jinjirin wata da layuka da yawa na hakora masu kama da fang. Areasussu ɗaya ne kuma an tsara su cikin layuka da yawa.
Suna taimaka mata, a matsayin mai farauta mai kyau, don magance farauta nan take kuma sune babban makami. Tana ƙwazo tana cinye ganima da haƙoranta masu yawa, kuma ba ta haɗiye shi duka. Hakora ne kawai gabobin da ke hade da kashi. Sauran jikin shine guringuntsi da nama.
Katrana galibi ana kiranta da kare ta teku ko ƙwararrun shark.
Kifin kifin kifin shark ba ya haɗar da abin da yake ci gaba da komai, amma yana tauna shi da haƙori da yawa. Idanun sun fi girma, kamar maɓallan gilashi. Yana da kyakkyawan gani. Ya banbanta da sauran kifin ta yadda bashi da finfin dubura da na gill. Ba a bayyana halaye na jima'i da kyau, za a iya rarrabe su da girma - mace koyaushe ta fi ta namiji girma.
Katran shark sananne ne saboda rashin iya hango ciwo ko kaɗan. Yana da ikon ɗaukar ƙananan mitar infrasound da rarrabe ƙanshi. Godiya ga buɗe hancin shiga baki, yana iya sanin ƙanshin wanda aka azabtar nan gaba, wanda take bayarwa daga tsoro. Yana jin warin jini na kilomita da yawa.
Launin duhu na baya, gefuna da launi mai haske na ciki na taimaka mata ta ɓoye kanta a ƙarƙashin ruwan teku. Wannan ya sa kusan ba a iya gani a cikin ruwa. Wani lokaci akan sami nau'ikan launin toka - launin ƙarfe mai launuka da yawa masu duhu. Sauƙaƙe kewaya wurare na ruwa. Layin layi mai sauƙin ji yana taimaka mata a cikin wannan, barin kifin ya ji ƙaramin girgizar ruwa.
Daga cikin kifaye, katran yana da ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanci
Irin
Katran babban wakili ne na tsari irin na katran kuma dan gidan spank shark ne. Su ne na biyu dangane da yawan adadi tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan halittu. An ɗauke shi ɗayan mafi aminci da ƙarami kifi.
Babban fasalin su shine rashin finfin dubura da kuma kasancewar dorsal biyu. Irin waɗannan kifayen kifayen suna numfasawa tare da taimakon gill slits. Bayanin farko na wannan jinsin masanin kimiyya Karl Liney yayi shi a tsakiyar karni na 18.
Akwai nau'ikan sama da 25. Tsakanin su:
- karen kifin;
- Katran Jafananci;
- kudancin katran;
- Cuban spiny shark;
- gajeren hanci katran;
- duhu wutsiya katran;
- spiny shark Mitskuri.
Dogaro da mazaunin, suna da nasu ƙananan rukunin.
Black teku shark katran - Wannan ita ce nau'in jinsin da ke zaune a yankin Turai na Tarayyar Rasha. Yana rayuwa tsawon ƙarni da yawa a yankin Bahar Maliya. Saboda yanayin yanayi mara kyau da yawan abinci, kifin yana samun nutsuwa. A cikin Bahar Maliya, ana iya samun su duka a saman ruwa da cikin kauri. Amma ana samun wannan nau'in kifin na kifin kifin a cikin sauran teku da tekuna, kawai dai mafi yawan al'umar suna rayuwa ne a cikin bakar fata.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Katran yana zaune kusan ko'ina cikin yankin ruwa na duniya. Yana zaune kusa da bakin teku a zurfin zurfin ruwa. Ba ta son kasancewa cikin tsananin sanyi ko ruwan dumi.
Wurin zama - masarautar rabin-duhu na yankin gabar ruwa. Ya fi son zurfin daga 100 zuwa mita 200. Idan ruwan ya fara sanyi, to yana tashi kusa da farfajiyar. Rashin son yanayin sanyi ba ya ba ta damar yin iyo zuwa gabar tekun Antarctica da saman Tsibirin Scandinavia.
Ana iya ganin sa a saman dare kawai. Mai cin abincin teku yana jin daidai a cikin ruwa mai kyau da na ruwa. Jikinsa yana samar da hanyar sarrafa ruwan gishiri.
Mafi sau da yawa, zaka iya samun kifi:
- a cikin Tekun Fasifik;
- Tekun Indiya;
- Bahar Rum;
- Bahar Maliya;
- daga gabar tekun Atlantika;
- a gefen tekun kudu na New Zealand da Ostiraliya;
- daga gabar Turai da Asiya.
A bayan katran akwai ƙaya tare da laushi mai dafi
Tana da juriya sosai kuma tana jin daɗi daidai a cikin baƙar fata da cikin tekun Bering, Barents da Okhotsk. Wani lokaci ninkaya a cikin Tekun Fari. Kodayake Katran yana son zama kusa da bakin teku, yana da ikon yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. Don neman farautar karnukan Tekun na iya lalata kifin kasuwanci, lalata layukan masunta, da kuma gurnani kan magance. Saboda haka, mutane ba sa son su.
Sha'awan shine shark katran mai hatsari ga mutum, to babu wasu shari'un da aka gano cewa za ta kai hari idan an taɓa ta. Jinsi ne na zaman lafiya wanda ba shi da wata barazana. Ba ya taba mutane a cikin ruwa.
Amma, idan kuna ƙoƙari ku ɗauka ta wutsiya ko buge shi, zai iya ciji. Hakanan yana da haɗari a taɓa shi saboda kasancewar ƙaya mai kaifi, wanda zai iya ji rauni. Bugu da ƙari, suna ɓoye gamsai mai dafi, wanda, da zarar ya shiga jinin mutum, na iya haifar da kumburi mai tsanani.
Mai farautar kansa na iya samun kansa cikin yanayi mai haɗari kuma ya zama ganimar manyan tsuntsaye. Tekun teku suna son kai masa hari. Dagawa da kifin kifin sama da ruwan, sai suka kawo shi a gaba zuwa gaɓar tekun, kuma don sauƙaƙa ƙwanƙwasa daga baya, su buge shi a kan duwatsun.
Wani abokin gaba na shark shine kifin bushiya. Da zarar a cikin maƙogwaro, sai ya makale a ciki yana manne da allurai, a sakamakon haka shark ɗin da ba zai iya cikawa ba ya mutu saboda yunwa. Koyaya, babban haɗari ga katran shine kifi mai farauta, mai kisan kifi. Bayan ya afkawa wani kifin shark, yana neman juya shi a bayansa don sauƙaƙa don jimre wa abin farauta.
Yana shafar yawan nau'in da kuma mutumin da ke amfani da nama da shark hanta katran don abinci. Naman Katran yana da daɗi, mai taushi da lafiya ga abinci mai gina jiki. Ba kamar sauran kifaye ba, ba shi da ƙanshin ammoniya. An fi darajar shi akan kasuwa fiye da naman ganyayen nama kuma baya ƙasa da sturgeon ɗanɗano.
Gina Jiki
Ba za a iya kiran katran kifin shark mai haɗari mai haɗari ba, amma a waɗancan wuraren da kasancewar kasancewarta babba, babbar illa ce ga kamun kifi. Kifin kasuwanci ya lalace. Katran, kamar kowane kifin kifin kifi sharks, yana da mutunci kuma koyaushe yana jin yunwa.
Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, don numfashi, yana buƙatar ci gaba da motsi. Wannan yana ɗaukar kuzari da yawa, wanda ya maye gurbinsa da abinci mara iyaka. Don gamsar da yunwa, tana farautar ƙananan kifi da matsakaita, suna jagorantar salon rayuwar makaranta. Zai iya zama:
- sprats;
- mackerel;
- cod,
- kifi;
- anchovy;
- herring;
- fama;
- kaguwa;
- tsiren ruwan teku;
- squid;
- anemone.
Idan babu wadataccen kifi don abinci, spiny shark yana ciyarwa akan: jellyfish, dorinar ruwa, jatan lande, kaguwa, algae. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa katranan na iya yin garken dabbobi don farautar kifayen dolphin. Latterarshen ya zama ƙarami a inda akwai babban yawan kifin kifin 'yan kifin' shark '.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ana iya danganta Katrana da masu shekaru ɗari. Tsammani na rayuwa ya kai kimanin shekaru 25. Yana nufin nau'ikan nau'ikan kifaye masu rai. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙwai ɗin su ake samu, amma ba a ajiye su ba. Maza sun isa balaga ta shekaru 11. A wannan lokacin, sun riga suna da tsawon kusan 1 m.
Mata na girma kadan daga baya - zuwa shekara 20. Lokacin saduwa yana faruwa a cikin bazara. Tsarin haihuwar ƙwai yana faruwa ne ta hanyar saduwa ta ciki. Saboda wannan, katran suna zuwa zurfin mita 40. A sakamakon haka, ƙwai suna bayyana a cikin oviducts na mace. Sun shigo cikin kusan 4 cm a diamita. Suna cikin kwantena har zuwa watanni 22. Wannan shine mafi tsawon lokacin haihuwa a tsakanin dukkanin kifayen kifin.
Wannan hanyar haihuwa tana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar Katran. Yana ba da damar kare soya daga mutuwa a cikin matakin roe. Mutum na iya haihuwa har zuwa 20 a lokaci guda. An haife su a cikin bazara. Girman kifin shark a haihuwa, yana da kimanin cm 25 - 27. Kwanakin farko da soya ke ciyarwa daga jakar kwai, inda ake ajiye kayan abinci masu gina jiki a gare su.
Abin sha'awa, jarirai basu buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da abinci. A shirye suke su jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun ga sharks. Iyakar abin da mace ke yi musu shi ne zaɓar wuri don haihuwar jarirai a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci. Wannan ya sauƙaƙa musu samun abinci a cikin yanayin soya da kuma jatan lande. Lokacin da soyayyar ta girma kuma ta yi ƙarfi, uwar za ta kai su wani wuri mafi zurfi inda manyan kifayen ke rayuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Sharks koyaushe suna canza haƙoransu, sababbi suna girma maimakon waɗanda suka faɗi. Katrans ana kiransu mata daya. Suna kiyaye auren mata dayawa. Kowane ɗayan, bayan ya zaɓi abokiyar aure, yana da 'yancin ya saɓa wa mace kawai. Tana da ƙaya babba, a kan abin da aka sare ta, kamar itace, akwai zobba na shekara-shekara waɗanda ke ƙayyade shekaru.
Sikeli yayi kama da ƙaramin girma na takarda, amma zai fi tsayi. Wasu lokuta Katran ana kashe su don neman fatarsu, wacce ake amfani da ita wajen sarrafa itace. A cikin Kanada a cikin shekaru 50 na karnin da ya gabata, gwamnati ta kafa lambobin yabo don lalata wannan nau'in. Dalilin shine babbar lalacewar masana'antar kamun kifi.
Katran shine farkon kifin da aka kama don man kifi. Suna yin ƙaura na zamani wanda ke bin tsauraran dokoki. Sharks suna kafa manyan makarantu, an rarraba su ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar jima'i da girma.
Lokacin tuki, yana iya haɓaka babban gudu, amma ba ya aiki don rage gudu sosai. Mafi tsadar abincin kifin shark shine miya mai daɗi, wanda aka jera shi a littafin Guinness Book of Records. An dafa shi daga fikafikai Kafin ya far wa wanda aka azabtar, ya yi nazarinsa, yana yin dawafi kuma zai kai hari idan wanda aka azabtar ya fi rauni.
Theimar abinci ta spiny shark hanta tana da yawa, wanda aka girbe azaman muhimmiyar hanyar samun kifin kifi da bitamin A da D. Yawan waɗannan abubuwa ya wuce na ƙwayoyin ƙwaya.
A kasashen arewacin, ana amfani da kwan kwai, wanda ya fi protein fiye da kwan kwan kaza. Gourmets na gabas suna jin daɗin naman katran. Zaki iya tafasa, soya, hayaki. Ana amfani dasu don shiri na kwasa-kwasan na biyu, balyk, abinci mai gwangwani, gari, barbecue da steak.
A magani, ana samar da kwayoyi daga guringuntsi don mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan tsarin ƙashi. Ana amfani da abu mai danko da aka samo a cikin kashin baya, da fika, da ƙasusuwan kai don yin manne.
Katran, shark ɗin da ba ya fara farautar mutane
Kammalawa
Katran wata halittar teku ce mai ban mamaki wacce ta rayu tun zamanin da. Daga cikin manyan algae, zai iya motsawa cikin sauƙi da kyau. Wannan ba kifi ne kawai mai ban sha'awa don kallo ba, har ma da kayan abinci mai mahimmanci, ba kamar sauran masu kama da kama ba.
An soke babban kamun da yake yi a gabar Tekun Atlantika. Duk da wannan, adadin katran yana raguwa kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin jerin dabbobin da suke cikin haɗarin halaka.
