Lynx nau'ikan dabbobi ne na masu shayarwa na aji, dangin kuliyoyi, dangin dangi karama, tsari na cin nama. Wannan labarin ya bayyana nau'ikan wannan jigon, fasali na salon rayuwa, mazauni, yanayin rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki.
Bayani da fasali
Abubuwan rarrabe na lynx sune yankakken jela mai gajarta tare da ƙarshen baki (ja lynx mai fari da fari), tassels na gashi mai duhu akan kunnuwan siffar mai alwati uku, doguwar gashi a kusa da bakin fuska da furcin fata mai haske. Ana samun wannan kyanwar da ake farautarta a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka, bi da bi, gwargwadon yawan yankuna, tana da bambanci da kamanni da girmanta.
Babban wakili - lynx talakawa, tsawon jiki wanda ya kai 80 - 130 cm (ban da tsawon wutsiya), kuma nauyin nauyin 8 - 36 ne. Mafi ƙarancin nau'in shine jan lynx: tsayi - daga 47.5 zuwa 105 cm da nauyi daga 4 zuwa 18 kg. Game da dimorphism na jima'i, ya ta'allaka ne da girma - maza sun fi mata girma.
Dabbar tana da gajere, amma mai fadi, mai manyan kasusuwa na hanci. Wannan kyanwa ce wacce take da manyan idanu masu launuka masu yashi, ɗalibai suna zagaye. A tsaye, kunnuwa masu kunnuwa, baƙaƙen baƙar fata na ulu suna sananne, tsawonsa ya kai 4 cm.
Duk da ƙaramin girman muƙamuƙi, lynx yana da iko mai ƙarfi. A saman leben na sama akwai wuya da tsayi. Gashi a fuska yana girma ta yadda zai zama kamar "gemu" da "kunar bakin ciki". Dabba mai shayarwa tana da hakora 30 a bakinta, wasu daga cikinsu kaifi ne da dogayen canines.
Jikin dabbar, ko da yake gajere ne, tsoka ce, tare da dogaye da ƙarfi. Abin sha'awa, ƙafafun gaba ba su da gajarta sosai fiye da na baya. Nau'in lynx na Arewa ya sami manyan yatsu, wanda yalwata da ulu, wanda ke taimaka musu motsawa cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Kafafun gaba suna da yatsu 4, kafafun baya - 5 kowannensu (1 ya ragu). Lynx dabba dijital, tare da kaifi, mai iya janyewa kuma mai lankwasawa. Irin wannan kuliyoyin suna iya hawa bishiyoyi ba tare da wata matsala ba, motsawa a cikin tafiya ko ƙyama (za su iya, amma kusan ba sa tsalle zuwa tsawon 3.5 - 4 m). Suna hanzarta rufe gajerun hanyoyi, suna saurin gudu zuwa 64 km / h. Zasu iya tsayayya da dogon canji kuma zasu iya iyo.
Ka'idar motsi ita ce "waƙa a kan hanya", ma'ana, ƙafafun baya suna taka ƙafafun waɗanda ke gaba. Lynxes suna da ƙaramin wutsiya, kuma suna da tsayi daban-daban, ya danganta da nau'in - daga 5 zuwa 30 cm. Lynx ɗin na kuliyoyin daji ne waɗanda ke jan hankalinsu da kyawunsu.
A lokacin hunturu, jikinsu yana dumi da gashi mai kauri da taushi. Zai iya zama launuka daban-daban: daga kodadde-hayaki zuwa tsattsau-ja (ƙarfin tabo shima daban). A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren jiki, rigar tana da inuwa mai haske. Lokacin motsawa: kaka da bazara.
Lynx subfamily shine kananan kuliyoyi, abinda yafi dacewa shine baza su iya kara da karfi ba, tunda kashin hyoid dinsu yana da wahala. Koyaya, waɗannan dabbobin suna birgima, meow, purr kuma suna fitar da sautuka masu kama da karar beyar.
Yawancin sanannun abubuwa masu ban sha'awa an san su game da lynx:
- wani lokacin dabba na iya boye naman ba zai dawo masa ba;
- tsarin kunnuwa yana ba kuliyoyi damar ɗaukar ƙaramin ƙarami, har zuwa numfashin ɗan adam;
- matsakaicin tsalle tsalle - 6 m;
- jinsunan Eurasia na iya rayuwa a yanayin zafi na -55 digiri Celsius;
- lynx baya jurewa dawakai. Kamar yadda mafarauta ke faɗi, wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dawakai suna son yin liyafa a kan ganimar wani. Kyanwa tana barin ɓarawo ya matso kusa, sa’annan ta ruga masa kuma ta bar shi ya ci nasara;
- burushi a kunnuwa suna aiki kamar nau'in eriya, yana ƙara siginar sauti.
Duk da kyan gani na waje, lynx mahaukaci ne mai hatsari. Lambarta tana raguwa, don haka duk jerin wakilai an lasafta su a cikin Littafin Ja. A hanyar, kuliyoyi ba su taɓa kai wa mutum hari ba da farko, tana ƙoƙarin guje wa haɗari.
Irin
Lynx mai shayarwa ce, wanda ke da nau'ikan da yawa:
Hadin gama gari Wannan nau'in shi ne mafi yawan kowa. Mafi yawan bayanin dabbobi an gabatar dasu ne a sama. A halin yanzu, Siberia ita ce mazaunin kusan 90% na wannan nau'in.
Lynx na Kanada. A cewar wasu masanan kimiyyar dabbobi, rashi ne na lynx na Turai. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, mazaunin shine Kanada, kodayake ana samun kyanwa a jihohin arewacin Amurka, misali, a Montana da Idaho. Idan aka kwatanta da lynx na yau da kullun, lynx na Kanada yana da ƙarami a jiki - daga 48 zuwa 56 a tsayi.Kannin gashi ma daban-daban - launin toka-mai ƙanƙanci.
Layin Iberiya. Habitat - kudu maso yammacin Spain. Wannan shine nau'ikan da ba a taɓa samun su ba a cikin Cooto de Doñana National Park. Lura cewa an lasafta dukan iyalin yanzu lynxes a cikin Littafin Ja... Game da ire-iren Pyrenean, akwai kimanin wadannan kuliyoyin guda 100, kuma yanzu ana daukar duk matakan da suka dace don kiyaye yawan su.
Idan aka kwatanta da lynx na yau da kullun, Pyrenean yana da inuwa mai haske, tare da tabo mai haske, wanda ya sa ya zama kamar damisa. Fasali - Jawo na dabba yana raguwa cikin girma tare da farkon watannin hunturu.
Wadannan kuliyoyin suna da tsayin cm 50, tsawan 80 zuwa 90, kuma nauyin su yakai kilogram 12 zuwa 22. Wani bambancin idan aka kwatanta shi da jinsunan Turai shine kunkuntar kuma mafi tsayi. Godiya ga wannan fasalin tsarin, cizon mai farauta ya zama da haɗari musamman.
Red Lynx. Mahalli - Amurka. Bayyanar: gashi - ja-launin ruwan kasa, tare da haɗawar launin toka, ɓangaren ciki na wutsiya an yi alama da fari (a cikin wasu nau'in wannan yankin baƙar fata ne). Arami fiye da lynx na kowa, yana da nauyin kilogiram 6 - 11. Af, a tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan akwai lynxes - melanists, waɗanda gashinsu gaba ɗaya baƙi ne. Wadannan kuliyoyin galibi ana kiransu panthers. Ana iya gane dabba ta dogaye da manyan kafafuwa.
Ana samun wannan nau'in a wurare da yawa:
- ƙananan gandun daji;
- zafi hamada;
- yankin fadama;
- duwatsu.
Wasu lokuta ana iya samun jan lynx koda a cikin unguwannin bayan gari. Idan dabbar ta ji wata barazana, za ta yi kokarin tserewa ta hanyar buya a wata bishiya, inda za ta dace da ita sosai. Kyanwa ta fi son waɗancan wuraren zama inda kusan babu dusar ƙanƙara. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa ba a tsara ƙafafuwanta don motsawa a kan dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Siberian lynx. Akwai fannoni da yawa na wannan nau'in, amma, ana samun Siberian kawai a yankin Tarayyar Rasha - irin wannan lynx a cikin hoton mafi sani. Koyaya, sakamakon aikin ɗan adam, yawan kuliyoyin ya ragu sosai.
Godiya ga tsari na musamman, suna jin daɗi a cikin yanayi mai wuya. Baya ga damar hawa bishiyoyi, lynxes na Siberia suna gudu da sauri, yin iyo da kyau, tsalle nesa da nesa. Gandun daji masu ban sha'awa shine wurin da galibi ake samun wannan nau'in, kodayake wani lokacin kuliyoyi sukan koma cikin tsaunukan daji.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Tunda waɗannan dabbobin ba su da yawa a yanzu, suna yin rayuwa mai ɓoyayyiyar rayuwa. Dangane da haka, damar ganinta a daji ba ta da yawa. Ko da da sha'awar mai ƙarfi, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don nemo kyanwa, tunda ta fi son irin waɗannan tallafi waɗanda ba saukin zuwa. Misali, yana iya zama tsohuwar fashewar iska mai cike da duhu ko dajin taiga mai duhu tare da daskararrun coniferous undergrowth.
Koyaya, akwai damar haɗuwa da lynx a cikin matashin daji. Mai farauta ba ya auka wa mutum, ya gwammace ya guji saduwa. Dabbar tana iya gane kasantuwar mutum a nisan mita dari da dama, bayan haka kuma sai ta fara barin shiru a hankali, wani lokaci tana tsayawa ta saurara.
Idan lynx yana jin yunwa sosai, yana iya ma shiga cikin birni, inda zai afkawa kare ko kyanwa. Ko babban kare makiyayi ba za a iya kwatanta shi da ƙarfi da mai farauta ba. Koyaya, ba a lura da ƙananan al'amuran lynx da ke bayyana a cikin birane ba, saboda sun fi son gandun daji masu haɗuwa da duhu.
Lynx dabba ce ta daji, saboda haka ya fi son salon dare da maraice. Farauta tana farawa ne daga farkon duhu. Yana ciyarwa galibi akan kurege. Idan za ta yiwu, za ta iya kai wa dabbar kofato hari: barewa, jan barewa ko ɗan daji. Zai sauƙaƙe kama squirrel ko marten Abincin da aka fi so shine naman alade, baƙar fata da kayan itace. Waƙoƙin ramuka a lokacin hunturu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa - lynx baya son dawakai, don haka yana farautar su da zarar dama ta samu. A lokaci guda, baya cin shi. Halin farautar wadannan kuliyoyin sun ma fi na damisa da na kerkeci. Da fitowar yamma, komai a kusa yayi shiru kuma a wannan lokacin lynx yana fita farauta, yana sauraron ƙaramin sautuka.
Bayan kaddara cewa akwai ganima a kusa, kyanwar ta hau kanta zuwa sannu a hankali, ba tare da yin amo mara amfani ba. Wurin da ya dace don kai harin ana ɗaukar shi 10 - 20 m. 2 - 3 tsalle sun isa kama abinci. Idan wanda aka azabtar, alal misali, kurege, ya fahimci wani abu ba daidai ba kuma ya fara guduwa, lynx na iya bin sa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, 50 - 100 m, bayan haka ya tsaya.
Sneaking ba shine kawai salon farauta ba. Hakanan ya fi son matsayin jira-da-gani, cikin kwanto. Hanyoyin kurege ko wuraren shayarwa don matattara wurare ne da aka fi so. Lynx baya son tsalle daga bishiyoyi, kodayake yana iya hutawa a kan rassa, yana rataye duk kafafu 4 a ƙasa.
Ganima a cikin siffar kurege 1 zai isa ga cat na kwana 2. Idan barewa ta zama ganima, to wannan yana ba dabba abinci na mako guda a gaba. Ya faru cewa ganimar ta yi yawa, a cikin wannan yanayin lynx na binne shi a cikin ƙasa ko dusar ƙanƙara, gwargwadon lokacin.
Hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta ce. Ana neman ganima, tana iya motsawa zuwa kilomita 30. Lynx mai farauta newa yafi son kadaici. Iyakar abin da aka ware sune mata tare da 'yan maruƙa - suna ciyar da watanni da yawa tare. Wannan ya isa a koyar da sabbin dabarun farauta.
Na farko, mace na kawo dabbobin masu rai ga jariran, kamar beraye ko kurege. Bayan sun girma, lynx zai fara ɗaukar zuriya tare da su don farauta. Da farkon watan Fabrairu, babban mutum zai kori kittens ɗin, tunda lokaci yayi da zasu tsira da kansu a cikin taiga.
Gina Jiki
Babban abinci irin wannan dabbobi:
- kurege;
- tsuntsaye;
- matasa ungulates;
- beraye
Cikakken abinci na yau da kullun - daga 1 zuwa 3 kilogiram na nama. Idan lynx bai ci abinci na dogon lokaci ba kuma yana aiki da ci, to a lokaci guda zai iya cinyewa har zuwa kilogiram 5. Idan ba a bukatar abinci, kyanwa ba za ta bata karfin ta a banza ba, don haka ba za ta tafi farauta ba. Idan wasan da aka kama babba ne, to dabbar tana ɓoye ganimar, amma, ba ta da ƙwarewa sosai, tunda sauran mafarautan sukan sami abincin da aka adana.
Koyaya, babban tushen abinci shine kurege. Lokacin da yawansu ya ragu, dole ne kyanwa ta koma tsuntsaye, beraye da sauran dabbobi. Nau'in lynx na Kanada, ya bambanta da na Turai, yana farauta yayin rana. Baya ga nama, dabbar na iya cin kifi. Ya fi dacewa musamman don tattara kifi lokacin da yake cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin gaske, taɓarɓatarwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ruttukan suna farawa a watan Fabrairu kuma suna ƙare a Maris. Maza da yawa na iya bin mace daya a lokaci guda, a lokacin da fada ke faruwa tsakanin su sau da yawa, tare da hayaniya da kuwwa wadanda ake daukar su a nesa.
Lokacin daukar ciki kusan wata 2 ne. An haifi Maza a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Yawan kittens yawanci 2 - 3 ne, amma wani lokacin ma ana iya haifuwa 4 ko 5. Nauyin jarirai kusan akan gram 300 ne. Kamar sauran dangin kuli, makonni 2 na farko sun makance, sa'annan suka buɗe idanunsu.
Mace tana aiki ne kaɗai cikin kiwon. Watanni 2 na farko na rayuwa, kittens suna ciyar da madara, bayan haka suna canzawa zuwa abincin dabbobi. Balaga na mace na faruwa bayan shekara 1, maza - shekaru 2. Lynx a cikin taiga yana rayuwa a matsakaita daga shekaru 15 zuwa 20. Idan an riƙe kyanwa a cikin fursuna, to tare da kyakkyawar kulawa za ta iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 25.
Lynx mai gadi
A halin yanzu, yawan jama'ar ya kusan mutane 10,000. A yankin Faransa da Switzerland, an daɗe ana halaka dabbobi. Yanzu suna rayuwa:
- a kan Yankin Balkan - dozin da yawa;
- Poland - kimanin dubu;
- Scandinavia - 2500;
- Carpathians - 2200.
Ana samun ƙaramin lamba a Asiya ta Tsakiya da Caucasus. Mafi yawan lambobi shine Siberia. A cikin maganganun masana'antu, lynx ba shine mafi kyawun ganima ba, tunda kawai gashinta yana da daraja. A cikin daji, duk da haka, kamar sauran masu farauta, ya zama dole don zaɓin wasu nau'in dabbobi.
Suna kawar da waɗannan kuliyoyin ne kawai a cikin wuraren farautar, a kan yankin da aka tayar da barewa, pheasants ko sika deer. Amma ga mafi mahimmanci ga masu farauta - fur, yana da kyau ƙwarai, lokacin farin ciki da siliki.
Gashi mai gadin da ke girma a bayan dabbar ya kai tsawon 5 cm, a kan ciki - cm 7. A kowane lokaci, gashin lynx yana da matukar daraja, wanda ake saye shi da sauri a gwanjo. Dalilin wannan shine salon. Idan maharbi ya ji wa lynx rauni, ba zai gudu ba, amma zai kare kansa har zuwa ƙarshe, yana amfani da fika da haushi.
Abokin gaba na biyu na cat, bayan mutum shine kerk wci. Suna bin wakilan kwastomomi cikin fakiti. Hanya daya kawai ta tsira itace hawa bishiya ka jira ta. Dabbobin da ba su da kwarewa ba suna ƙoƙarin tserewa daga kerkeci, amma wannan kusan koyaushe yana ƙare ba don alherinsu ba. Game da naman lynx, ba al'ada ba ce a ci shi bisa ga wata dadaddiyar al'ada. Kodayake yayi kama da dandano zuwa mara.
Ta yaya yawan lynx ke ƙaruwa:
- kula da mafi kyau duka biotopes;
- samar da kayan abinci (kurege, barewa);
- rage adadin kerkeci (babban makiyin lynx);
- yaki da farauta.
Lynx koyaushe ana farautarsa, don haka kusan an gama shi akan yankin Turai. Don hana karewar nau'in jinsin, an sanya shi a cikin Littafin Ja. Idan kun kama lynx na yara, yana da sauƙi a hora, kamar yadda jaririn yake a haɗe da mai shi.
Abin sha'awa, dabbar tana iya koyon farauta ita kadai, ba tare da taimakon uwa ba. Cats umarni ne na gandun daji, farautar marasa lafiya da dabbobi marasa ƙarfi. Suna da mahimmanci ga yanayi, kuma a zahiri basa cutarwa.
