Duck Merganser. Bayani, fasali, jinsuna, salon rayuwa da mazaunin tsuntsu

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Ducks Merganser sun yadu ko'ina cikin duniya, sanannun kowane mafarauci-mai son. An bayyana fasalin nau'in a cikin na'urar baki, babban girma, haske mai haske. Duck Merganser daga ƙungiyar tsuntsayen ruwa - mazaunin kogi, mai ban sha'awa ga masoyan namun daji a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasarmu.

Bayani da fasali

Akwai wakilai da yawa na nau'in, maɓuya daban-daban na haɗuwa suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Dalilai masu hadewa sune halaye na halitta, halaye na abinci, halaye da salon rayuwa. Haskaka game da sifofin anatomical waɗanda ke cikin tsuntsayen ruwa:

  • bakin-elongated beak, wanda girmansa ya wuce matsakaita a cikin zuriya - har zuwa cm 50. A cikin yawancin mahaɗa, yana da halayyar silinda wacce take da ɗabi'a, sanye take da mai kama da ƙugiya a ƙarshen;
  • Dogon wuya;
  • dutsen daka kan gashin fuka-fukai, wanda aka kirkira ta hanya ta musamman;
  • siffar jiki mai tsayi;
  • fukafukai masu kaifi;
  • zagaye gajeren wutsiya;
  • gajerun kafafu, da yatsun kafa da aka haɗa da fatar fata mai fadi.

Girman duck ya bambanta daga jinsuna zuwa nau'ikan. Akwai nau'ikan mutane, wanda yawansu bai wuce kilogiram 0.7 ba, amma sau da yawa ƙananan geese suna kama da ƙaramin geese, wanda nauyinsa yakai 1.5-2 kg. Babban girman yana jan hankalin mafarautan wasan farauta a bakin kogin. Fuka-fukan wasu mutane sun kai mita, tsayin jiki 60-65 cm.

Tsarin baki a tsuntsaye na nau'ikan daban daban ya dan bambanta. Merganser, wanda yawanci abincin sa kayan lambu ne, yana da faranti na musamman waɗanda ke ba da tataccen abinci. Nau'in agwagwa, wanda ke yawan ciyar da abinci akan kifi, an sanye shi da faranti da aka gyara cikin ƙananan hakora tare da gefen bakin baki don riƙewa da yankan farauta.

Wani sanannen fasalin tsuntsaye shine abinda ake kira "madubi" - wani farin wuri ne akan kowane bangaren agwagwa. A cikin jirgin sama, ana bayyane a fili akan asalin launin toka. Bakin bakin merganser ja ne mai haske. Launi mai ban mamaki na jikin layin ya isa mafi girman bayyana a cikin bazara, tare da farkon lokacin saduwa.

Kan merganser din namiji ya zama baƙi ƙirin, saman wuya yana alama da koren ƙarfe mai sheƙi. Baya daga wuya zuwa wutsiya yana canza launin duhu zuwa inuwa mai haske na launin toka. Ideasan duck fari ne, mai kalar ruwan hoda a wurare.

Matan Merganser sun ɗan bambanta kaɗan daga drakes a cikin launi mai laushi, zaka iya lura da inuwa mai launin ruwan hoda mai laushi, baya mai sauƙi. A lokacin rani da kaka, hasken launuka a cikin kayan agwagwa ya ɓace, labulen ya zama maras kyau, maras fa'ida, daidai da lokacin ruwan sama da rarar sanyi.

Mergansers galibi suna riƙe da nau'i biyu, waɗanda suka haɗa kai a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. An kafa garken tumaki da yawa, gami da tsuntsaye dubu da yawa, don hunturu kawai. Tsuntsaye suna ciyar da lokacin sanyi dangane da yanayin yanayi.

Sun tsaya lokacin hunturu a yankuna tare da ruwan daskararren ruwa, suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu dumi, wani lokacin ana samun su a bakin Tekun Azov. Don su rayu, suna ta tururuwa cikin manyan garken tumaki. Theananan haɗarin suna motsawa cikin ƙasa a cikin hanzarin "agwagwa", suna tawaya daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan. A cikin ruwa da cikin jirgi, suna da tabbaci kuma suna da 'yanci, ƙwararrun masu iyo da flyers.

Irin

A cikin jigilar mahaɗan, nau'ikan jinsuna shida sun bambanta, wanda huɗu sanannu ne a Rasha:

  • karami, ko ganima;
  • babba merganser;
  • dogon hanci (matsakaici);
  • fure.

Iri-iri na ɗan asalin Brazil da kuma amintaccen ɗan haɗi suna rayuwa a Amurka da Brazil. Nau'in Auckland Merganser ya mutu. Duck ya zauna a cikin New Zealand har sai da aka kawo aladu da awaki a wurin. A halin yanzu, tsuntsayen da aka cika su kawai za a iya gani a gidajen kayan gargajiya.

Meraramin haɗari (snot). Birdaramin tsuntsu, wanda bai kai matsayin masu girma ba. Weight kawai 50-700 g ne, mutane masu nauyin 800-900 g suna da wuya. An yi wa tsuntsu ado da faffadan dunkule a bayan kansa.

Wuraren da suke yin gida-gida suna cikin yankin kurmi na Siberia, Karelia, Gabas mai Nisa, da kuma yankin Turai na Rasha. Ducks sun fi son yankuna tare da manyan koguna, tafkuna masu ambaliyar ruwa tare da ruwa mai kyau.

A lokacin hunturu suna bayyana tare da gabar tekun Black and Caspian, a kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya, Japan, da China. Tsuntsayen da ke kan gado suna ci gaba da kasancewa a gefen kankara, a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙara.

Kayan kiwo na maza sun bugu tare da kyakkyawar haɗuwa ta farin-ash launi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, mai ƙyalli mai haske a tarnaƙi. Beak, kafafu na inuwar jagora. Akwai tabo baƙaƙen fata a ƙarƙashin idanu. Tufafin mata launuka ne masu toka tare da hular ruwan kasa masu kawa a kawunansu.

Abun saduwa da ƙananan mahaɗan yana farawa yayin ɓoyewa; suna tashi zuwa gida zuwa cikin ina nan pa pan biyu. Tarkunan sun mamaye gidajen da sauran tsuntsaye suka bari. Mazaje suna kula da agwagwarsu har zuwa lokacin da aka fara kwai na karshe, sa'annan su tashi zuwa narkakkiyar. Mata wani lokacin ba wai kawai zuriyarsu bane, har ma da ƙwai na gogols masu alaƙa.

Babban haɗakarwa... Duck a cikin mazauninsa galibi ana kiransa cormorant, bison mai cike da jan ciki. A cikin Rasha, ana samun kifin ruwa a kan rafuka masu faɗi, buɗe tafkuna na Urals na Kudancin, Altai, Sakhalin, Kamchatka.

Ya fi son ruwan sabo, ya guji bakin teku. Sunan nau'in yana jaddada girman girman agwagwa - fiye da kilogiram 2. Wani fasali na musamman na maza shine rashin jijiya.

Bakar fata, duwawun wuya tare da karfen karafa mai ban mamaki. Gefen, ciki, da ɓangaren fuka-fuki farare ne. Mata, ba kamar drakes ba, suna da kai ja. Daga cikin manyan mashahuran, ana rarrabe abubuwa uku: talakawa, Arewacin Amurka, Himalayan. Ana samun biyun farko a cikin ƙasarmu.

Mai dogon hanci (matsakaici) merganser. Nau'in tsuntsayen ƙaura waɗanda kusan ba sa tafiyar da rayuwa ta rashin zaman lafiya. Matsakaici merganser yaɗu a ƙasashen Turai, a cikin jihohin Baltic, a kan Tsibirin Scandinavia.

A Rasha, ana samun sa a cikin Siberia, a tsibirin Solovetsky, a Karelia, Urals. Manganser mai dogon hanci fi son bakin teku, kogin tundra, yankunan tsibiri. Kyakkyawan mai ninkaya da mai nutsuwa. An zana drake mai kai-tsaye cikin launuka masu launin toka-toka tare da fararen fuka-fuki a gefen gefen tsuntsun.

A bayan kai akwai murɗa biyu. Mata suna da launin ruwan kasa, tare da ƙananan bambancin haske da launuka masu duhu. Matsakaicin matsakaici ya banbanta da wadanda suka hadu da shi ta hanyar tsawaita al'adar aure tare da nutsar da kai cikin ruwa, da fantsama, da kada fuka fukai.

Mai sikelin merganser... Wani tsuntsu wanda ba safai ake samun sa ba a zaune a gabar Tekun Bering, ana samun sa a kogunan tsaunuka a China, Manchuria. Duck ya zaɓi wuraren da ke da wadataccen kifi, kewaye da dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka. Remarkablewararren gashin fuka-fukai masu kyau ya fi na waɗanda suka haɗa kai da su shigo.

Theangaren duhu na launi yana da tataccen zaitun, kuma ɓangaren haske yana da ɗanɗano mai ja. Sunan yana hade da sauyawar ratsin launin fari-fari a bayanshi wanda yayi kama da ma'auni daga nesa. A cikin Littafin Ja, an kirkiri merganser mai aiki tare da matsayin "nau'in da ke cikin hatsari". Populationananan mutane ba su fi tsuntsaye dubu 1.5 ba.

Merganser na Brazil... Launi galibi launin toka ne, toka, kai, wuya, baya na inuwa mai duhu. Drake ya fi na mata girma. Sun kasance cikin nutsuwa a kan ƙasa, amma abin da suka samu a cikin ruwa kawai suke ci. Birdsananan tsuntsaye har yanzu ana kiyaye su a wurin shakatawa na ƙasar Brazil, suna gab da ƙarewa. Adadin bai wuce tsuntsaye 260 na wannan nau'in ba.

Crested merganser... Ba shi yiwuwa a rikita wannan jinsin da sauran dangi, yana da asali. Wideaƙƙarfan ɗabi'a ya hau kan kan tsuntsun, wanda ya buɗe har ma yayin lokacin saduwarsa. A cikin maza, launin ado yana da baƙi da fari, kuma a cikin mata yana da launin ja-kasa-kasa. Kuna iya ganin wani nau'in agwagwa a Arewacin Amurka tare da gabar tafkuna na gandun daji da koguna madaidaiciya.

Rayuwa da mazauni

Yawancin nau'ikan ƙananan kuɗi suna bawa merganser damar kula da mahalli mai yawa, ya jagoranci zaman rayuwa da ƙaura. Kuna iya saduwa da agwagwa a Arewacin Amurka, a yankin Central da Northern Eurasia.

A lokacin bazara, masu shigowa da kaya suna zuwa tare da facin farko na narkewa da zaran an fara samar da polynya na farko - a watan Fabrairu, farkon Maris. Suna tashi sama lokacin da magudanan ruwa suka cika da kankara, a ƙarshen Oktoba, Nuwamba. Filayen garken ɗaruruwan mutane suna buƙatar ƙarfi da juriya na tsuntsaye. Idan lokacin sanyi yana da dumi, magudanan ruwa ba za su daskare ba, to tsuntsayen ba za su bar gidajensu na sauka ba.

Duk nau'ikan mahaɗan haɗin shiga suna iyo suna nutsewa sosai. Tsuntsaye suna tsayawa zuwa bakin tafki domin su ɓuya a cikin ciyawar bakin teku idan akwai haɗari. Suna ciyar da ƙananan kifi, ruwa bayan shi zuwa zurfin 4 m.

Ducks na iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa minti 3, yin iyo sama da mita 10. A cikin farauta ta yau da kullun, mahaɗan yana buƙatar sakan 15-30 don kama kifi ɗaya. Tsuntsayen suna motsawa cikin hanzari, suna jujjuya kaifi, suna nuna kyakkyawan motsi.

Yawancin nau'ikan agwagi sun fi son ruwa mai kyau daga tafkuna da koguna. Rukunan ruwa na cikin gida merganser ne yake zaban su domin tsafta, yalwar abinci. Tsuntsaye suna buƙatar gandun daji na itace don yin gida, tunda mahaɗan sukan zaɓi tsoffin ramuka, da aka watsar da wasu tsuntsayen don yin gida.

Lokacin shirya tsuntsaye, sarari yana da mahimmanci don tashi ba tare da kariya ba, sabili da haka manyan mahaɗan sun fi so su zauna a tsaunuka, tsaunuka. Nau'ikan merger mai dogon hanci suna rayuwa a gabar teku. A wasu yankuna, ducks suna kusa da wurare masu duwatsu inda zaku iya ɓoye cikin haɗari.

Yana haɗa tsuntsaye yayin narkar da su. Manyan garken tumaki suna taruwa, a ƙa'ida, kusa da jikkunan mutane da yawa. Tsuntsayen Merganser, wasu nau'ikan waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin Red Book of Russia. Tare da adadi mai yawa na manya da dogayen hanci, ana ba da izinin farautar su ko'ina a cikin bazara.

Gina Jiki

Tushen abincin merganser shine abincin dabbobi. Farautar duck game da neman kifi da sauran rayuwar ruwa. Manyan jinsunan mahaukata suna kama kifin kifi, pike, kifi, roach, barbus, furfura. Individualsananan mutane suna cin abinci akan ƙananan kifi.

Gefen bakin bakin agwagen ya dan lankwasa a ciki. Wannan yanayin yana baka damar sakin ruwa, kiyaye ganima da kyau. Merganser na iya ɗaukar pike cikin sauƙi, eel har zuwa 20 cm a tsayi.

Don neman ganima, agwagi suna nutsar da kawunansu sosai. Da zaran makarantar kifi ta bayyana, merganser ya nitse, yana hanzari zuwa ga manufa. Yunkurin cin nasara ya ƙare da kamun kifi, wanda girman sa yakai 15-25 cm. Sauran mazaunan tafki kuma sun zama abincin mahaɗan:

  • kwari na cikin ruwa;
  • kifin kifi;
  • larvae, pupae;
  • kayan kwalliya;
  • tsutsotsi

Wani fasali na merganser shine abincinsu na abinci ga mazaunan ruwa, kodayake tsuntsayen suna jin kwarin gwiwa, gida gida a cikin ƙasa, a cikin ramuka na shuke-shuke. A lokutan hunturu, agwagi suna taruwa a bakin teku, suna cin abincin ruwa a cikin ruwa mara nisa, ciyawar ciyayi, ciyawar cikin ruwa, kuma suna neman mollusks da ƙananan ɓawon burodi tsakanin algae.

Jaraba ga kifi yana shafar ƙamshin ƙanshin naman agwagwa. Wasu mafarauta sun yi imanin cewa merganser bai dace da abinci a matsayin wasa ba. Ducks sun fara samun abinci da kansu bayan fewan kwanaki daga haihuwa.

Kajin suna gudanar da ayyukansu na farauta a karkashin jagorancin agwagwar uwa. Merganser a cikin hoton yayin farauta, yana da ban dariya, lokacin da kawai bayan bayan jikin agwagen ake iya gani a farfajiyar tafkin.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Zaɓin ma'aurata kafin lokacin nest ya fara tun kafin jirgin zuwa mazaunin. Tsarin neman aure na drake ya cika da tsafe tsafe - rawa akan ruwa. Namiji ya yi iyo a gaban zaɓaɓɓensa, ya danna kirjinsa zuwa ruwan, da karfin gwiwa ya girgiza kansa. Tare da kaɗan fikafikan fuka-fuki, sai ya karye daga farfajiyar, ya tsaya kusan a tsaye don jan hankalin mace. Motsawa suna tare da sautuna masu ƙarfi.

Abubuwan da aka kafa sun zaɓi wurin yin gida. Matsayi na jagora a cikin binciken mata ne ke bugawa, wanda kuma ke samar da gida. Tsuntsaye suna samun wuri mai dacewa a cikin tsohuwar ramin aspen, alder, Willow, gidan da aka watsar, a kan sandunan kwazazzabo. Abun da za'a gina shine katako, ganye, fuka-fukai. Mace harda sadaukarwa daga kirjinta don tsara gida.

Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 12-16. Clutaure mai girma na manyan tsuntsaye har zuwa ƙwai 40 lokaci-lokaci ana samun su. Tsawon lokacin shiryawa ya kai wata ɗaya. Ganyen namiji, baya shiga cikin aikin. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, rumanyun, tuni sun balaga, suna tare da mahaifiyarsu a cikin gida mai ɗumi ba fiye da kwana biyu ba.

Sannan daga mafitar farko suna bi zuwa tafki, suna iyo da kokarin nutsewa. Farautar jarirai farauta ta kama kwari a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, amma bayan mako guda tsuntsayen jarirai mahaukatan agwagwa fara farauta soya, samun saurin motsi. Suna motsa cikin ginshiƙai, cikin jituwa, da ganin ganima, sai suka gwada hannun su da mashin.

Yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci kafin ducklings su tashi a reshe. Aƙalla watanni biyu daga haihuwa, kajin suna shirin jirgi na farko, kuma yaran sun sami cikakken 'yanci cikin watanni uku. Nau'o'in ƙaura a cikin ƙwarewar dabarun tashi suna gaba da danginsu da ke zaune. Meraramar shiga cikin samari sun balaga ne kawai da shekaru biyu.

Jimlar tsawon rayuwar agwagwar mahaɗan merganser ya kai kimanin shekaru 15. Jinsunan da ke zaune ba su daɗe da na ƙaura. Rayuwa a cikin bauta, a cikin yanki mai kariya, yana ƙaruwa rayuwar tsuntsaye da shekaru 3-5.

Ducks na tumfafiya suna da ban sha'awa ba kawai ga masu lura da tsuntsaye da mafarauta ba. Duk wani masoyin namun daji yana farin cikin haduwa da wannan tsuntsu mai ma'ana wanda yake kawata hanyoyin ruwa da dazuzzukan mu.

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Kalli bidiyon: Five Fun Facts About Common Mergansers (Nuwamba 2024).