Kerkeci mai Maned Bayani, fasali, jinsuna, salon rayuwa da kuma mazaunin dabba

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Dabba ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan dabbobin farauta na gidan canine. Kerkeken maned na daga irin nau'ikan chordate, na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Dangane da nazarin abubuwan da aka samo, an tabbatar da cewa yana daga cikin nau'ikan kayan tarihi na wakilan manyan canines na Kudancin Amurka, wanda ya ɓace a ƙarshen zamanin Pleistocene (sama da shekaru dubu 12 da suka gabata). Hakanan ana kiransa aguarachay ko guara.

Bayani

A Kudancin Amurka, wannan mafaraucin shine mafi girma a cikin dukkanin nau'ikan canine. A bushewar, kerk then maned ya kai tsayi na 75-87 cm Jiki ba shi da ƙarfi, tsayinsa yakai 115-127, an rufe shi da jan gashi mai kauri. A ciki, layin gashin gashi rawaya ne rawaya. Daga tushe na kwanyar zuwa tsakiyar bayanta, launi launin baƙi ne, wuya da ƙarshen wutsiya farare ne.

Halin halayyar tsarin shine dogayen kafafu, na bakin ciki, wanda da alama jikin ya ragu. Yankunan da ba su dace ba a ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar launi mai duhu kuma kusan ba tare da gashi ba. Mulos din yana da tsawo tare da hanci baki da manyan kunnuwa waɗanda suke fitowa sama. A waje, kunnuwa jajaye ne, kuma a ciki an rufe su da gajerun fararen gashi. Bakin yana kunkuntar tare da dogon harshe mai ruwan hoda. Hakoran suna da kaifi, a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin akwai canines a gefen. Kamar yawancin canines, akwai hakora 42 a cikin bakin.

Wutsiya tana da laushi, haske ja mai launi kuma tsawonta yakai 28-40. Matsakaicin nauyi dangane da tsayi karami ne, kilogram 20-23 ne kawai. Bayyanar kerkeci a cikin hoto yayi kama da fox na yau da kullun, amma babu dangantakar dangi a tsakanin su.

Fasali:

Gaban gaban wannan mai farauta ya fi na baya baya, saboda haka ya fi masa sauƙi ya yi gudu sama da ƙasa. Duk da dogayen kafafunta masu ƙarfi, yana haɓaka matsakaiciyar gudu, kuma yana yin tafiya mai nisa kawai idan akwai haɗari, ya gwammace ya jira ganima a kwanto. Babban ci gaba yana bawa dabbar daga matattakala don fitar da wanda aka azabtar a nesa mai nisa. Kerkecin da ke maned yana da kyakkyawan ji, da ƙanshin ƙanshi da hangen nesa.

Fatar mai farauta ba ta da sutura. Gashi daga rawanin zuwa tsakiyar bayan ya fi na jiki tsawo (11-13 cm), kuma idan dabbar ta ji haɗari ko ta yi fushi, gashin kan nape yana tsayawa a ƙarshe, wanda ya ba shi mummunan haɗari da gani yana faɗaɗa jikin girman. Maza koyaushe sun fi mata girma kuma sun fi aiki.

Suna kuma ihu a hanyoyi daban-daban - maza a cikin ƙaramin sauti, kuma mata suna yin sautuka a cikin sauti mai ƙarfi. Zasu iya yin gunaguni, gurnani a hankula har ma da haushi. Lungarfin huhu na dodo kerkeci karami ne, zuciya ƙarama ce, don haka ba ta da juriya da yawa, kuma tana ƙoƙarin kauce wa tsere cikin sauri.

Idan mafarauci ya bi shi a kan doki, da sannu zai kama dabbar. Koyaya, yayin farauta, yana iya yin gudu a tsaka-tsakin gudu har zuwa 20-25 km a dare ɗaya.

Irin

Iyalin canine sun hada da iyalai iri uku - canines, kyarketai da manyan kunnuwa masu kunnuwa. Kerkeci na musamman ba ya cikin ɗayan waɗannan ajin dabbobi. Yana da halaye masu rarrabe na kowane nau'i.

Yana da ji sosai da ƙanshi ƙwarai, kamar kare. Tsarin jiki, tashin hankali da halaye masu farauta, kamar kerkeci. Kan yana kama da fuskar fox, mai wayo, wayo da kuma damar jira na dogon lokaci a kwanto daga dabbar ma.

Baya ga kerk wci mai maned, nau'ikan 11 na iyalan canine suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Koyaya, bisa ga bayanan waje, iyakar kamanceceniya da guara yana da jan kerkeci... Cakuda ne na kerkewa, kerkeci da diloli.

Hakanan yana sanya jan gashi mai haske, bakin bakin wannan mai farautar, kamar fox, kuma a cikin abincinsa na dabba da na tsire-tsire. Anan ne kamannin dake tsakanin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ya ƙare. Jawan kerkeci yana da gajerun kafa, an matse jikinsa, jelar baƙar fata a ƙarshen.

Kulpeo (ko ƙirar Andean) yana da kamanceceniya da kerk mann maned. Tana da jan gashi mai launin toka, manyan kunnuwa madaidaiciya da danshi mai tsaho. Koyaya, girmanta ya fi kerkeci girma, kuma ya fi so ya zauna a yankunan tsaunuka ko a cikin dazuzzuka masu daɗi. Hakanan ana iya kiran Dingo, coyote da Asiatic kerkuku zuwa ga nau'ikan kamala.

Amma duk waɗannan nau'ikan canines suna da hanyar rayuwa daban, hanyoyin su na farauta, halaye da halaye. Sabili da haka, an ɗauki kerkecin da ke daidai a matsayin wakili na musamman na iyalinta kuma masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun ware shi a matsayin jinsin daban.

Salon rayuwa

A cikin daji, wadannan dabbobin ba sa shiga garken tumaki. Ana kiyaye su su kaɗai ko kuma ma'aurata a yankin da ya faɗaɗa har zuwa 30-50 sq. km kowace iyali. Don fayyace wa takwarorinsu cewa wurin ya mamaye, suna yiwa iyakokin shafinsu alama da fitsari da fitsari, suna kokarin barin alamomi a kan tudun duwatsu. Bayan wani lokaci, ana maimaita tafiya, kuma ana sake sabunta alamun.

Koyaya, ma'aurata suna saduwa da juna kawai yayin lokacin kiwo, sauran lokutan ma'aurata suna nisanta da juna. Mata da maza suna farauta, suna ci suna kwana dabam. Loners, waɗanda har yanzu ba su sami abokin tarayya ba kuma suka mallaki fili, suna zaune a kan iyaka, suna ƙoƙari kada maigidan namiji ya gan shi, wanda ke tsaron kayansa.

Idan baƙo ya yi iƙirarin zama aboki, to, mazan za su fara ɗaga gashin kan napep ɗin kuma suna tafiya a cikin da'ira, suna fitar da babbar murya. Bayan haka, suna yin faɗa har sai abokin hamayya ya raunana. Da daddare, kerkeci masu kukan dako, suna yi wa 'yan'uwansu gargaɗi cewa a kwace wurin.

Ayyukan masu farauta suna farawa da farawar magariba har zuwa wayewar gari. Da rana, suna kwance cikin dazuzzukan inuwa kuma suna bacci har yamma. Kerkeci mai dako yana iya yin kwalliya da rana a cikin al'amuran da ba kasafai suke faruwa ba - a lokacin yunwa da kuma wurare masu nisa, wuraren da babu kowa. A cikin yanayin muhalli, maza basa shiga cikin kiwon zuriya, uwa ce kawai ke tsunduma cikin puan kwikwiyo.

A cikin bauta, halayen dabbobi yana canzawa. Ma'aurata suna zaune lafiya a cikin keji ɗaya, suna bacci suna cin abinci tare, kuma maza suna mai da hankali ga 'ya'yansu. Idan aka sanya maza da yawa a cikin aviary ɗaya, za su zaɓi babba tare da taimakon faɗa, bayan haka fakitin kerkeci za su zauna tare ba tare da rikici ba.

Akasin asalinsu, waɗannan mafarautan ba masu zafin rai ba ne. A cikin fursuna, suna da abokantaka kuma suna iya godiya da kyautatawa kansu. Kaji ko zomo na iya zama abin cutar da su a cikin yanayin muhalli.

Ya faru cewa garken kyarketai masu zafin nama sun fado kan tumaki ko tsuntsun corral. Koyaya, babu rikodin shari'ar lokacin da suka afka wa mutum. Akasin haka, dabbobi masu hankali koyaushe suna guje wa mutane.

Wurin zama

Kerkecin maned yana rayuwa galibi a Kudancin Amurka. Mafi yawanci ana samunsa a yankin da ke farawa a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar Brazil kuma ya faɗi zuwa gabashin Bolivia. A tsakiyar Brazil, an ganta a yankin da ake sare dazuzzuka. Hakanan ana iya ganin wannan dabbar da ba ta da kyau a cikin Paraguay da kuma ƙasar Brazil ta Rio Grande do Sul.

A cikin pampas na Argentina, an adana shi da ƙananan yawa. Don rayuwa, kerkolfci ya zaba filayen da ya cika da ciyawa da ciyawa. Yana jin dadi a cikin gandun daji da ke buɗe, inda yake sauka a cikin farin ciki mai nisa ko gefunan gandun daji.

Yana iya zama a cikin gulbi, amma ya kiyaye kusa da gefen, inda akwai ciyayi da yawa, kwari da ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ba ya son zafi da damina, yanayin mafi kyau a gare shi matsakaici ne. Ba zai taɓa zama a cikin tsaunuka ba, a kan duwatsu masu duwatsu, a cikin rairayin rairayi da cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa ba.

Gina Jiki

Ba shi da da'a a cikin abinci, yana cin dabbobi da shuka iri. Tsarin hakora da raunanan lamuran basa barin kerkeci ya yaga babban wasa; ya haɗiye kayan abincin gaba ɗaya, kusan ba tare da taunawa ba.

Sabili da haka, ya zaɓi ƙananan dabbobi - rodents daban-daban, zomaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wani mai farauta mai lalata yana iya yin tsalle sama kuma ya kama tsuntsu mai ɓaraka a kan tashi, tare da jan ƙwai da aka sa daga gida.

Ba ya jinkirin katantanwa da kwari, idan ya cancanta, zai tayar da rami don isa ga mazaunanta. Takan tono ƙasa ba da ƙafafunta ba, amma da haƙoranta, waɗanda ba irin na sauran jinsin danginsu bane. Ba ya bin abin farauta, amma yana zaune cikin kwanton bauna.

Manyan kunnuwa da ƙamshin ƙamshi suna taimaka masa wajen lissafin wanda aka azabtar. Idan ya ji ta, sai ya buge ƙasa da ƙafarsa don ta sami kanta, sannan kuma da tsalle mai tsalle ya afka kan abin da ta kama. Abincin da aka fi so "live" shine alade na daji.

Ba tare da ƙaramin jin daɗi ba, kerkeci mai cin nama ya cinye 'ya'yan itace (yana son ayaba), dawa da kowane irin tushe. A lokacin kakar, shima yana cin 'ya'yan itace daban-daban. Daga cikinsu akwai na musamman - yana girma musamman a Brazil kuma ana kiransa lobeira. Yana dandana kamar koren tumatir yana kamshi kamar tuffa.

A cikin watanni masu bushewa, masu farauta za su iya ciyar da shi na dogon lokaci kawai, sabili da haka, ana kiransa da suna "kerkecin kerkeci". Kyarketai masu da'awa sau da yawa suna wahala daga tsutsa mai laushi wanda ke rayuwa a cikin kodar dabba kuma ana kiranta babban tari.

Tsawon sa zai iya kaiwa fiye da mita 1, yana haifar da barazanar mutum ga dabbar. Cin lobeira da tushen shuke-shuke daban-daban yana aiki a matsayin magani kuma yana taimakawa mai farautar don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari. Ya banbanta da wasu takwarorinsa ta yadda baya cin abincin gawa. A cikin watannin yunwa, zai iya cin abincin tsire kawai na dogon lokaci.

Sake haifuwa

Balagagge na jima'i yana faruwa a cikin guaras ko kerkeci na maned a cikin shekara ta biyu, amma zuriyarsa ya bayyana a shekaru 3-4. Waɗannan dabbobin abokan tarayya ne na aminci - mace ta hadu da ɗa namiji ɗaya. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, lokacin saduwa yana farawa daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, a cikin yankunan arewacin daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu. Mace tana da zafi sau ɗaya a shekara kuma yakan ɗauki kwanaki 4-5.

Kalmar ɗaukar 'yan maruƙa ita ce kwana 62-66. Don zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya, mace tana kawo puan kwikwiyo 2-4, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi ana haihuwar yara 6-7 a lokaci ɗaya. Yaran suna da nauyin 320-450 g. Mahaifiyar yawanci tana shirya gida don jarirai a kan kananan tsaunuka a cikin manyan duwatsu ko a cikin daji a gefen wata dausayi. A cikin daji, namiji ba ya haƙa mafaka; mace ce kawai ke da alhakin ɗayan.

Kwana 7-8 na farko, jarirai makafi ne, kurma kuma ba su da komai, suna shayar da madarar uwa kawai. Theasan ci gaba da sauri. A rana ta 9, idanunsu sun buɗe, kuma bayan sati 3.5-4, ƙananan kunnuwa sun kasance a tsaye. Bayan wata daya, sai su fara ciyar da abin da uwar ta kunsa musu. Ciyar da madara yana ɗaukar makonni 13-15, bayan haka suna canzawa zuwa abinci mai ƙarfi.

Da farko, an haifi puan kwikwiyo tare da gajeriyar launin toka. Iyakar wutsiyar da gashin da ke cikin kunnuwan kawai farare ne. Yana da wata biyu da watanni 2.5, gashi yana fara samun jan launi.

Makonnin farko na ci gaban ƙafafun jarirai sun rage, a wata na 3 na rayuwa, gaɓoɓi da sauri suna ƙaruwa, kuma ƙananan ƙafa da metatarsus suna da ƙarfi sosai. Lokacin da dabbar ta cika shekara daya guara ko kerkeci - ya riga ya zama balagagge, a shirye don rayuwa mai zaman kanta.

Tsawon rayuwa

A cikin yankuna masu kariya da namun daji, kerkeci mai igiyar daji yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 12-15, a cikin yanayinsa na asali har zuwa shekaru 17, amma a can da wuya ya rayu har zuwa wannan zamanin. Dabbobi suna mutuwa a hannun mafarauta, suna faɗuwa ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motoci, kuma suna mutuwa saboda kamuwa da cutar ta parvovirus (annoba). Territara yawan yankuna na gwamnatocin ƙasashe an keɓe su don bukatun aikin noma, tare da hana dabbobi mahalli na asali. A lokacin ƙaura da aka tilasta, ba duka mutane ke tsira ba.

Ba a kashe kerkeci da aka yanka don nama ko fata. Manoma suna harbe su saboda suna ganinsu a matsayin barazana ga dabbobi da kiwon kaji. Mafarauta suna jin daɗin aiwatar da farautar wasa.

Kuma wani bangare na mutanen yankin sun yi imani da wani tsohon labari, wanda ke cewa idanun wata dabba wacce ba kasafai ake gani ba, jelarsa da kashinta suna da karfin sihiri. Sabili da haka, an kama dabba don yin talikan daga baya.

A cikin daji, kyarketai masu kyan gani ba su da abokan gaba. Babban makiyinsu shine mutum da cuta. Masu farauta suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da mamayewa, kawai wakilai mafiya ƙarfi da suke kula da waɗannan cututtukan, masu rauni ba sa rayuwa. A yau a cikin duniya akwai mutane sama da dubu 13, waɗanda kusan daga cikinsu akwai masu saurin kamala dubu 2 da ke cikin Brazil.

A kasashen Uruguay da Peru, dabbobin da ba safai ba sun kusan bacewa. Kerkeci mai Maned a cikin Littafin Ja an rubuta shi azaman "mai haɗari" A cikin Ajantina da Brazil, doka ta ba shi kariya, kuma an hana farauta.

A shekarar 1978, Asusun kula da namun daji na duniya ya fara cikakken binciken dabba ta musamman don hana bacewar nau'ikan halittu masu mahimmanci da kuma kara yawan jama'arta a duniya.

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