Lokacin kallon badger, yawancin mutane suna shafar, saboda yana ba da ra'ayi na kyakkyawar dabi'a da dabba mara kyau. Amma wannan ya yi nisa da lamarin. Ganawa tare da shi a cikin daji na iya kawo babbar matsala. Wannan dabbar tana da fika masu karfi sosai, tana iya fitar da wari mara daɗi kuma dangi koyaushe zasu iya taimakonsa. Suna da al'umma da suka ci gaba.
Kuma mafarauta, suna nazarin halaye na su, sun san hakan badger - dabba mai wayo, mai wadatar kai, mai iya rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Yana tsara rayuwarsa sosai gwargwado. Dukkan garuruwa daga ramuka waɗanda waɗannan dabbobi suka gina wa kansu gine-ginen ƙasa ne masu ban mamaki.
Suna cikin dangin weasel kuma ana samun su ko'ina, ko'ina cikin duniyar tamu. Yawan su yana da yawa. Badgers na daji galibi suna jin lafiya a cikin yanayi. Lokacin dumi, masu farauta ba su da lokacin su, amma idan sanyi ya yi, sukan boye sosai yadda ba abu ne mai sauki ba.
Abin takaici, lamba quite kyawawa ganima a kan farauta. Nama ya fi naman alade zaƙi, fatar tana da dawwama, ba ta iya sha ruwa, ana amfani da ita ne wajen kwalliyar kayan gida da kayan haɗi. Dogon gashin waɗannan dabbobin yana yin kyau da goge-goge. Kuma kitsensu magani ne mai matukar amfani. Yawancinsu ma sun sami ceto daga tarin fuka.
Ana amfani da hoton badger a cikin adabi da sinima. An nuna shi azaman dabban kirki ne a cikin kyakkyawar gashi mai ɗamara tare da ɗamara mai laushi da idanu masu hankali. Matsala da gaske "kawu-badger". Hilarious, asali, mai ban sha'awa. Shi mashahurin gwarzo ne na majigin yara da littattafai. Dukanmu muna tunawa da littattafan Harry Potter, inda badger alama ce ta malanta Hufflepuff.
Akwai tafkin Badger a Karelia. An nuna dabbar a jikin rigunan makamai na birane da yawa - a cikin Karelia ɗaya, a cikin yankin Sverdlovsk, a yankin Lvov (Ukraine), a Faransa da Jamus, a Spain da Finland - ko'ina akwai biranen da ke da hoton badger a jikin rigar makamai. Wasu jihohi suna amfani da hoton wannan dabba a tambarin gidan waya.
A matsayinsa na mai tatsuniya, yana iya yin fushi, mai saurin fushi kuma galibi ma yana da haɗari. Koyaya, ana iya bayyana shi azaman jarumi mai ƙarfi wanda ke iya nutsuwa a lokacin zaman lafiya. Kowace al'umma ta ba shi takamaiman halayen halaye. Misali, tambarin Jafananci yana da wayo, amma na tsattsauran ra'ayi, na Rasha yana da ladabi da tattalin arziki, kuma Ba'amurke yana da wahala da sata.
Bayani da fasali
Theungiyar badger ta ƙunshi mambobi na jinsi da shekaru daban-daban, kowannensu na iya fitar da ƙanshi. A tsawon, babban mutum ya kai 90 cm, wanda kusan 20 cm ya faɗi a kan wutsiya. Ta kai kimanin kilo 25. Jikin dabba gajere ne, mai kauri, mai ƙarfi.
Wuyan yana da faɗi, doguwar kan ta ƙare da dusar da aka nuna. Kunnuwa kanana ne, baƙi, kuma suna da farin iyaka a saman. Hakoran kanana ne da kaifi, akwai 36 daga cikinsu, kuma canines sun zama marasa kuzari a tsawon lokaci.
Dabbar an lullube ta da farin furfura mai kauri, mai kama da bristles, launi a baya yana da farin azurfa, wani lokacin akwai alamun duhu. Gashin mutum daya a asalin yana da launin rawaya kaɗan, baƙi a tsakiya, da fari-fari a ƙarshen. Ciki yana da launin ruwan kasa Kan yana da launi mai launi tare da ratsi mai duhu a gefen; ya fi wuta a mace fiye da na namiji. Irin wannan lamba a cikin hoto.
Yana da gland na musamman a ƙarƙashin wutsiyarsa wanda ke ɓoye musk. Ga mutum, takamaiman ƙamshin da irin wannan dabbar ke fitarwa shine, sanya shi a hankali, mara daɗi. Badger dabbaamma mai kyau da tsari.
Ana daukar sa a matsayin "mai fada a ji a daji". Ba zai taɓa shirya wurin ajiya na sharar gida da shara a gidansa ba. Don waɗannan buƙatun, dole ne su tono ƙarin daki kusa da gidan. Jikinsa kamar yana nufin tonowa. Yatsun suna da tsayi, tare da faratan hanu, kafafu da wuya suna gajeru, yana tura jikinshi cikin kasa kamar rawar jiki.
Ana yin farautar Badger da dachshunds. Wani lokaci aboki yakan taimaka wa dabbar da ta ji rauni. Mafarauta sun ce sau ɗaya, bayan sun harbe baajji, sun ga hoto mai ban mamaki.
Ya fara mirginawa a ƙasa yana fitar da nishin a bayyane. Kamar yadda ya bayyana daga baya, don jan hankali da tausayin sauran badgers. Saboda abokin nasa ya yi tsalle daga cikin ramin ya yi nishi, ya kama mutumin da ya ji rauni ya ɓace tare da shi a cikin dajin.
Hancin dabba yana da matukar laushi. Don girgiza dabba, ya isa a sauƙaƙe a buge shi a hanci. A lokaci guda, yana da matukar ban sha'awa. Wannan halayen halayen yakan yi wasa da wargi tare da shi.
Konstantin Paustovsky yana da labari mai ban mamaki "Hancin Badger". A ciki, wata karamar baja ta kutsa kai ga mutanen da ke zaune a gefen wutar wadanda ke gasa dankali (a bayyane yake wani wari ne ke sa shi), sai ya bugi hancinsa kai tsaye garwashin.
Sannan ya bi da shi na dogon lokaci a cikin ruwa, yana tutture kututture tare da ganshin warkarwa a cikin ramin. Duk wannan marubucin labarin ya lura dashi. Kuma bayan wani lokaci, yayin tafiya cikin daji, sai ya sadu da wannan bajimin, wanda ya san shi da tabon hancinsa.
Ya yi minshari, yayi gurnani kuma a hankali ya tafi, duk yayin da yake waige-waige da bacin rai. A bayyane yake cewa dabbar ta san shi kuma ta tuno da wani lokaci mara dadi da ke tattare da mutum. Dabba mai wayo sosai.
Irin
Mafi kusancin dangin badger sune marten, wolverine, mink, ferret, sable da skon.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan dabba:
- gama gari, yana zaune a Turai, saboda haka a Amurka ana kiransa "Bature". Yana da daidaitattun girma. Siffar kai - kunkuntar, mai tsaka-tsalle;
- Asiya, yana zaune a cikin babban yankin Asiya, kuma a Rasha;
- Jafananci, yana zaune ne kawai a Japan. Wannan nau'in lamba ce ta musamman, ana kiranta "werewolf tanuki". Za a iya lissafa shi azaman duka karnukan beraye da badgers;
- Ba'amurke, wanda aka samo a Arewacin Amurka. Yana fasalta da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar bakin layi mai gudana tare da tsakiyar kai. Hakanan, "Ba'amurke" yana da farin makogwaro, kuma "Bature" - baƙar fata. Girman kan irin wannan mutum yana da tsawo da fadi;
- ana samun teledu, ko bajirin alade a Kudancin Asiya;
- ana samun zumar zuma, ko badger a Afirka, Indiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Launin ya fi na sauran bayyane - baƙar fata ƙasa da saman toka;
- sunda stinky badger, wanda aka samo a cikin Indonesia;
- fatret badgers, jinsi na nau'ikan 4, uku daga cikinsu suna zaune a Indonesia, ɗayan a Asiya. Suna da kyau da ƙanƙan da na talakawa.
Waɗannan nau'ikan ne da ke zaune a yankunan arewa suke hibernate. Dabbobi a yankunan kudanci suna aiki cikin shekara.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ban da Sardinia da arewacin Scandinavia, badger ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Turai, har ma da Asiya, daga Syria zuwa Japan da ƙetare Siberia zuwa Lena. Yana zama a cikin ramuka, yana rayuwa cikin kadaici. Yana haƙa rami tare da ƙusoshi masu ƙarfi a gefen rana na tsaunukan dazuzzuka ko gefen ramuka a cikin makiyaya.
Burrow dole ne ya kasance "tare da sirri", yana da hanyoyin fita 4-8 na gaggawa idan akwai haɗari mara tsafta. Badger yana da la'akari sosai. Kowane motsi yana da aƙalla tsayin m 3, kuma dabban yana sake dubawa da gyara komai. Wurin da kansa zai iya zama yana da zurfin gaske daga saman duniya, daga mita 2 zuwa 3.
Wannan dabba ce mai tsafta, koyaushe tana tabbatar da cewa karamin motarsa ya bushe, baya rugujewa. Ba ya huce kansa a cikin kabarin, yana haƙa rami kusa da ɓarnar kansa. Shima yana ajiye ragowar a can.
A cikin ramin, yana yin shiri don lokacin sanyi. Badger shine kawai dabba daga gidan weasel da ke hibernates. Kafin farkon lokacin sanyi na daji, yakan shirya gado mai laushi na ganye a cikin raminsa. Daga nan sai ya dunkule ya zama kwalba, ya manna kan sa tsakanin kafafun gaba kuma ya shiga bacci.
Wani lokaci barcin dabba na iya katsewa ba zato ba tsammani, kamar na beyar, musamman a lokacin sanyi mai dumi. Daga nan sai dabbar ta farka ta yi waje. Finallyarshen ƙarshe ya ƙare a cikin bazara. Badger ya tashi da siriri, duk da cewa ya yi barci tare da zagaye, mai kauri.
Motsi dabbar a waje suna kallon mara kyau, a hankali. Yana dan diga kadan yana matse kafafu. Abin da badger dabba wani lokacin yana da wuyar fahimta. Babban ra'ayin shi yafi dacewa. Ya yi kama da alade sosai, har ma da gurnani irin nata.
Badgers suna rayuwa biyu-biyu. Bugu da ƙari, ba koyaushe suke cikin sauri don mallakar burodin kansu ba. Wasu lokuta zaku iya kiyaye dorms ɗin waɗannan dabbobi. Suna haƙa ƙasa ta kowane bangare, suna yin ainihin labyrinth a ƙasa.
Mutum na iya yin mamakin yadda suke kewayawa can da kansu. Mai yiwuwa ta wari. Baajiya ce ke nome ramin rayayye, sannan kuma yana kiyaye wannan warin a koyaushe. Hatta burkin da aka watsar yana jin warinsa na dogon lokaci.
Ramin Badger, wanda manyan iyalai ke rayuwa a ciki, tsawon shekaru suna komawa zuwa masarautu na ƙasa, masu yawa, kuma suna wuce gidajensu ta hanyar gado. Dabbar tana da mummunan ra'ayin mazan jiya. Yana bin tushe da al'adu a cikin gidansa.
Tsoffin badgers dabbobi ne marasa daɗi: masu kasala, masu fushi, waɗanda ba su dace da dimauta ba. Amma saurayi, ana ciyar dashi a cikin bauta, musamman akan abincin shuke-shuke, akasin haka, ya zama mai ladabi kuma ya bi mai shi kamar karnuka.
Sun ce badgers, wanda mutum ya goya su, sun zama kamar 'ya'yan kwikwiyo. Sun yi wasa da juna, haushi, magana kamar marmot, sun runguma cikin taushi kamar birai, sun ɗauki hotuna dubu kuma sun nuna motsin rai ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, mun lura cewa badgers suna da yarensu. Suna yin sautuna na musamman a cikin yanayi daban-daban, wanda ke sauƙaƙa tunanin cewa suna magana ne. Akwai kusan sauti 16 a cikin "lexicon maganarsu".
Irin wannan dabbar tana son sadarwa, musamman lokacin da yake cikin yanayi mai kyau. Daga cikin su, badgers harma sukan shirya wasu "jam'iyar da ba ruwan su da addini", su je ziyara, duba yadda makwabcin su yake.
Gina Jiki
A lokacin bazara da bazara, abincin badger shine tushen sa, kwari, katantanwa da ƙwarin duniya. Wani lokaci, zai iya kai hari kan kuregen saura ko lalata gidan tsuntsu. Hakanan yana iya jan wani ɗan kajin da ya faɗi, hawa zuwa cikin zuma. A lokacin kaka, yana ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka faɗi, baya raina beraye, moles, frogs, macizai.
Wani lokaci badgers na daji iya hawa zuwa farfajiyar ga mutum, satar kaji. Gaba ɗaya, dabba tana nuna hali kamar mai farauta, wanda yake. A Gabashin Siberia, an ga badgers suna kai hari ga maruƙa, suna yin mummunar lahani ga mazauna ƙauyen. Wannan halayyar tana tilasta mutum ya sanya masa tarko da tarko.
Koyaya, fa'idar da dabbar ta kawo yafi barna da cutarwa daga gare ta. A zahiri, yana tsarkake yanayi daga kwari masu cutarwa. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da gajiyawa kuma masu farauta. A cikin farauta ɗaya, suna iya kama mutane 70 da abin ya shafa. Suna cin abinci kaɗan kaɗan, suna barin abincin da ba a ci nan da nan.
Kawai kusa da kaka suka fara cin abinci sosai, suna samun nauyi don rashin bacci. A wannan lokacin, furarfin badger ya ƙarfafa, ciki yana zagaye, kuma yana motsawa a hankali fiye da yadda aka saba. Yayi ƙoƙarin kiyaye makamashi don rashin nutsuwa. Nauyinsa a wannan lokacin na iya kaiwa kilogiram 35.
Nazarin abinci mai gina jiki na badger yana da zurfin nazari a cibiyoyi, wuraren adanawa da tanadi, saboda wannan na iya shafar dukkanin yanayin halittar yankin. Ya zama cewa abincin wannan dabba ya hada da kashin baya (beraye, kwari, lagomorphs, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kifi) da kuma masu juyawa (gastropods, kwari da yawa irin na ƙasar, coleoptera, masu cin lambun lamel, ƙwayoyinsu, bumblebees, hymenopterans, coleoptera , Orthoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera).
Shuke-shuke, 'ya'yan itacen - strawberries, cherry na tsuntsaye, tushen wasu tsirrai da hatsi suma sun shiga cikin jerin badger. Abincin kayan lambu a cikin abincin dabba bai cika cika da na dabbobi ba. Kuma daga abincin dabbobi kwari da dabbobin da suka raunana suna cin nasara. Duk abin da mutum zai iya faɗi, ana iya kiran badger a matsayin "mai tsabtace daji".
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin da namiji ya zaɓi mace, yakan kula da ita, dabbobin suna yiwa juna alama, suna yin sautuka da kuma shafawa. Maza ma suna iya yin faɗa don abokin aurensu. Kuma a sa'an nan ba su da wata damuwa da zalunci: suna bin juna, haushi, cizon abokin gaba. Sannan nutsuwa, sada zumunci da taimakon juna sun sake komawa gidan kwanan su.
Badgers dangi ne kuma masu ladabi ta gari. Sun kafa dangi mai kusanci da karfi, inda kowa yake da nasa nauyi da matsayinsa. Mahaifiyar mace itace mai kirkira da tarbiyatar da zuriya. Gabaɗaya, tsarin kiwo a cikin badgers yana da matukar wahala dangane da lokaci.
Zasu iya yin abokai a cikin bazara, kuma haƙiƙa hadi yana faruwa ne kawai a watan Disamba. Don haka, mace tana daukar kwai na kwanaki 270 zuwa 450. Wannan iyawa ce ta musamman. Wataƙila, yanayi ya ba ta damar zaɓar mafi kyawun lokacin don haihuwar jarirai.
Kubiyoni sun bayyana makaho a farkon Maris. Yawancin lokaci ana samun daga 3 zuwa 6 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Badgers suna yin nauyi daga gram 75 zuwa 130. Idanunsu a rufe suke kimanin kwanaki 35. Fatar an rufe ta da laushi mai taushi, amma alamun su na bayyane ya riga ya bayyana akan kai - zane mai baki da fari.
Uwa a hankali da damuwa tana kula dasu, neman abinci har sai sun girma. Wannan galibi yakan faru ne kafin kaka, to ƙananan lambobin suna fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Namiji uba magini ne kuma mafarauci. Yana bincika yanayin gida koyaushe, yana yin gyare-gyare na rikice-rikice iri-iri, yana fitar da baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata ba.
Daga yarinta, mace tana koyar da yaran ga tsabta da tsabta. Hakanan kusa da babban burrow, ana ciro mink kusa da gidan yara don buƙatu da sharar abinci. Badgers yawanci suna rayuwa cikin daji tsawon shekaru 10-12, a gida zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 16.
Wannan dabbar na iya daukar cutuka masu hadari: rabies, tarin fuka na shanu. Saboda haka, a wasu yankuna, ana gabatar da allurar rigakafi lokacin da yawansu ya karu. Dabba na iya mutuwa ba da daɗewa ba bayan yaƙi da abokan gaba na halitta - kerkeci, lynxes da karnuka, na gida da na feral.
Mutum ya shafi rayuwar badger ta hanyoyi biyu. Ko da ba tare da farautar sa ba, har yanzu yana da tasirin gaske akan yawan wannan nau'in. Kusa da gidajen mutane, waɗannan dabbobin za su iya samo wa kansu abinci a lokacin yunwa. Ta wani bangaren kuma, wayewar mutum ba ta da tausayi ga dabbobi. Gina hanya yana lalata hanyoyin sadarwar garin su. Kuma dabbobin kansu suna mutuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun.
Ya kamata a lura cewa an sanya badger a cikin littafin Red Book na kasa da kasa a cikin wani yanayi na sharadi, a matsayin jinsin dake da barazanar barazanar bacewa. Dabba sananne ne sosai a duniya kuma yana hayayyafa a hankali.
Ya kasance mai tsabta kuma mai ɗan gajiyarwa, mai hankali da kulawa, wani lokacin rashin ladabi da tashin hankali, ba zai taɓa ba da kansa ga laifi ba, duk da bayyanar da yaudara. Idan ana buƙata, zai iya tsayayya ko da babban mai farauta. Kodayake galibi ya fi son ya ɓoye.
Abu mafi tsada a gareshi shine gidansa. Kuma a shirye yake ya kare shi da hakora, farata, cikin tsananin zafin rai. Mafi yawanci yakan fito ne daga wanda ya ci nasara daga gwagwarmaya tare da marasa lafiya. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, yana da nutsuwa, amma a lokacin haɗari ya zama babban abokin gaba.
