Moray - nau'in halittar babban kifi mai cin nama tare da jikin maciji. Moray eels su ne mazaunan Rum na dindindin, ana samunsu a cikin duk tekun da ke da dumi, musamman a cikin teku da kuma kankara. Suna tashin hankali. Akwai sanannun lokuta na moray eels da ke kai hare-hare ba tare da dalili ba.
Bayani da fasali
Siffar jiki, yadda ake iyo da kuma abin da ke ba da tsoro su ne alamun moray eels. Tsarin juyin halitta a cikin kifaye na yau da kullun ya inganta fiska - jerin gabobin motsi. Moray eels ya sami ci gaba ta wata hanya daban: sun fi son lanƙwasawar jiki zuwa gaɗa ƙafafu.
Moray — kifi ba kadan ba. Tsawan jikin moray eel yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwa da yawan vertebrae, kuma ba tare da tsawaita kowane mutum ba. Verarin vertebrae ana ƙara su tsakanin pre-caudal da yankuna na kashin baya na kashin baya.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin mutum balagagge ya kai kimanin mita 1, nauyi ya kai kilo 20. Akwai ƙananan nau'ikan, ba su wuce m 0.6 ba a tsayinsu kuma nauyinsu bai wuce kilogram 10 ba. Akwai manyan kifaye musamman: mita ɗaya da rabi a tsayi, waɗanda suka yi girma zuwa nauyin kilogiram 50.
Jikin moray eel yana farawa da babban kai. An raba doguwar hancin ta babban baki. Sharp, canines cancanci a jere guda dot dot babba da ƙananan jaws. Kwacewa, rikewa, ciro wani nama shine hakoran moray.
Inganta kayan aikin su na maxillofacial, moray eels sun sami wani fasali na jikin mutum, wanda masana kimiyya ke kira "pharyngognathia". Wannan wani muƙamuƙin da yake cikin pharynx. Lokacin kwace ganima, hancin pharyngeal yaci gaba.
Haƙoran da ke kan dukkan muƙamuƙin kifin sun kama ganima. Sa'an nan kuma pharyngeal moray eel jaw tare da wanda aka azabtar, yana motsawa zuwa asalin sa. Abincin ganima yana cikin pharynx, yana farawa da motsi ta hancin hanji. Masana kimiyya sun haɗu da bayyanar muƙamuƙin pharyngeal tare da aikin haɗiye wanda ba a haɓaka ba a cikin moray eels.
A sama da muƙamuƙin sama, a gaban hancin, akwai ƙananan idanu. Suna ba kifin damar rarrabe tsakanin haske, inuwa, abubuwa masu motsi, amma basa bayar da cikakken hoto game da sararin da ke kewaye da shi. Wato, hangen nesa yana taka rawar tallafi.
Moray eel ya koya game da kusancin ganima ta wari. Bakin hancin kifin yana nan a gaban idanuwa, kusan a ƙarshen hanci. Akwai ramuka huɗu, ba a iya san biyu daga cikinsu, an yi alama biyu a cikin sifofin tubes. Kwayoyin kamshi suna kaiwa ga kwayoyin karba ta hancin hancinsu ta hanyoyin cikin gida. Daga gare su, bayanai suke zuwa kwakwalwa.
Ana samo ƙwayoyin karɓar ɗanɗano ba kawai a cikin baki ba, amma suna warwatse ko'ina cikin jiki. Wataƙila jin ɗanɗano tare da duka jiki yana taimaka wa masu moray da ke rayuwa a cikin rami, rami, raƙuman kogwannin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa don su ji da kuma fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a kusa da shi, tare da su ko tare da abin da ke kusa da shi.
Kan moray ya yi laushi a cikin jiki. Ba za a iya lura da wannan canjin ba, gami da rashin murfin gill. Kifi na yau da kullun, don samar da kwarara ta cikin kwazazzabo, kama ruwa da bakinsu, saki ta cikin murfin gill. Yaran moray suna shiga kuma suna fita ruwan da ake kwararawa ta cikin bakin ta bakin. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa koyaushe a buɗe yake tare da su.
Farkon dorsal, dorsal fin yayi daidai da ƙarshen kai da canzawa zuwa jiki. Finarshen ya ƙara zuwa wutsiya. A cikin wasu nau'ikan, abin lura ne kuma yana ba kifin kamanni da kintinkiri, a wasu kuma yana da rauni, irin waɗannan moray ɗin suna kama da macizai.
Finarshen ƙararrawa ci gaba ne na ɗabi'a na ƙarshen jiki. Ba a rarrabe shi daga ƙarshen dorsal kuma ba shi da lobes. Matsayinta a cikin shirya motsawar kifi ba shi da kyau; sabili da haka, fin ɗin ba shi da kaɗan.
Kifin da ke cikin tsarin eels ba shi da ƙashin ƙugu, kuma nau'ikan da yawa ma ba su da fika-fikai. A sakamakon haka, rukunin eels, sunan kimiyya Anguilliformes, sun sami suna na biyu Apodes, wanda ke nufin "mara kafa".
A cikin kifi na yau da kullun, lokacin motsi, jiki ya tanƙwara, amma kaɗan kawai. Yunkurin da ya fi ƙarfi ya faɗi a kan ƙarancin jela. A cikin eels da moray eels, gami da, jiki yana lanƙwasa tare da tsawonsa duka tare da faɗi ɗaya.
Saboda motsi mara motsi, mayu suna motsawa cikin ruwa. Ba za a iya samun saurin gudu ta wannan hanyar ba, amma ana cin kuzari ta fuskar tattalin arziki. Moray eels don neman yaduwar abinci tsakanin duwatsu da murjani. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, saurin gudu ba shi da mahimmanci.
Kama kamannin maciji yana cike da rashin ma'auni. An rufe erin moray da man shafawa mai siriri. Launi ya banbanta. Moray eel a cikin hoton galibi yakan bayyana a cikin kayan shagalin biki, a cikin tekuna masu zafi irin waɗannan launuka iri-iri na iya zama ɓarna.
Irin
Moray eel genus wani bangare ne na dangin Muraenidae, ma'ana, moray eels. Ya ƙunshi karin 15 da kusan kifaye 200. 10 kawai za a iya la'akari da su don haka.
- Muraena appendiculata - Yana zaune a cikin ruwan Pacific kusa da gabar Chile.
- Muraena argus jinsin mutane ne da ya yadu. An samo shi kusa da Galapagos, bakin tekun Mexico, Peru.
- Muraena augusti - wanda aka samo a cikin Tekun Atlantika, a cikin ruwan da ke makwabtaka da Arewacin Afirka da kuma kudancin Turai. Ya bambanta a cikin launi na musamman: ɗigon haske mai sauƙi a bango mai launin ruwan hoda.
- Muraena clepsydra - yankin ya mamaye ruwan gabar Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia.
- Muraena helena - Baya ga Bahar Rum, ana samunsa a gabashin Tekun Atlantika. Sanannun sunaye: Bahar Rum, Turai moray eels. Dangane da kewayonsa, sanannen sanannen masanan ruwa ne da masana ilimin kimiya.
- Muraena lentiginosa - ban da asalin ƙasar, gabashin gabashin Tekun Pacific, ya bayyana a cikin akwatin kifaye na ruwa, saboda matsakaiciyar tsayi da launi mai ban mamaki.
- Muraena melanotis - wannan moray eel a cikin Tekun Atlantika na wurare masu zafi, ta Yammaci da gabashin shi.
- Muraena pavonina an san shi da moray eel. Wurin zama shi ne ruwan dumi na Atlantic.
- Muraena retifera is a net moray eel. A cikin wannan nau'in ne aka sami muƙamuƙin pharyngeal.
- Muraena robusta - yana zaune ne a cikin Tekun Atlantika, galibi ana samunsa a yankin gabashin gabashin teku.
Lokacin da muke bayanin jinsunan moray eels, galibi muna magana ne game da ƙaton moray eel. Wannan kifin yana cikin jinsin Gymnothorax, sunan tsarin: Gymnothorax. Akwai nau'ikan 120 a wannan jinsin. Dukansu suna da girman kama da kifi na moray eel genus, sunan kimiyya na jinsi shine Muraena. Ba abin mamaki bane, moray eels da hymnothorax suna cikin iyali ɗaya. Yawancin hymnothorax suna da kalmar "moray" a cikin suna gama gari. Misali: kore, turkey, ruwa mai laushi da ƙaton moray eels.
Katon moray eel ya shahara musamman saboda girma da mugunta. Wannan kifin yana da suna wanda ke daidai da yanayin jinsi - Javanese hymnothorax, a Latin: Gymnothorax javanicus.
Baya ga Gymnothorax, akwai wani jinsi da ake yawan ambata yayin bayyana moray eels - waɗannan su ne megaders. A waje, basu da banbanci da gaskiya. Babban fasalin shine hakora masu ƙarfi waɗanda echidna moray eels ke niƙa bawo na mollusks, babban abincin su. Sunan megadera yana da ma'ana: echidna da echidna moray eels. Wayar ba ta da yawa: nau'in 11 ne kawai.
- Echidna amblyodon - yana zaune a yankin tsibirin Indonesiya. Dangane da mazaunin ta, ta sami sunan Sulawesian moray eel.
- Echidna catenata shine sarkar moray eel. Ana samun sa a cikin bakin teku, ruwa mara nauyi na yammacin Atlantic. Mashahuri tare da masu san ruwa.
- Echidna cin abinci. Wani suna don wannan kifin shine mai ladabi echidna moray eel. Yana zaune a cikin murjani a kusa da Sri Lanka, Samoa, da kuma tsibirin kudu na Japan.
- Echidna leucotaenia fata ce mai fuska fari. Yana rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara nisa daga tsibirin Line, Tuamotu, Johnston.
- Echidna nebulosa. Yankin sa shine Micronesia, gabar gabashin Afirka, Hawaii. Ana iya ganin wannan kifin a cikin akwatin ruwa. Sunaye gama gari suna snowflake moray, tauraro ko tauraron moray.
- Echidna nocturna - kifin ya zabi Tekun Kalifoniya, ruwan gabar tekun Peru, Galapagos don rayuwarsu.
- Echidna peli - wanda aka sani da pebble moray eel. Yana zaune a gabashin Atlantic.
- Echidna polyzona - mai taguwa ko damisa moray eel, zebra eel. Ana karɓar dukkan sunaye don launi na musamman. Yankin sa shine Bahar Maliya, tsibirai da ke tsakanin Gabashin Afirka da Babban shingen Reef, Hawaii.
- Echidna rhodochilus - An san shi azaman moray eel mai ruwan hoda. Yana zaune kusa da Indiya da Philippines.
- Echidna unicolor shine mai moray eel eel, wanda aka samo a tsakanin rerals na Pacific.
- Echidna xanthospilos - ya mallaki ruwan gabar tekun Indonesiya da Papua New Guinea.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Mafi yawan moray eels suna rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri. Ruwan teku yana jagorantar wanzuwar kusan-kasa. A lokacin rana, yana cikin tsari - murjani ko dutsen dutse, alkuki, burrow. Duk jiki a ɓoye yake, ana bayyane kai a waje tare da buɗe baki.
Moray eel yana girgiza kansa koyaushe a cikin jirgin sama kwance. Wannan shine yadda ake fahimtar ayyuka biyu: bayyani game da kewayen shimfidar wuri yana gudana kuma ana samar da ruwa mai gudana ta bakin. Moray eels an san shi da cewa bashi da murfin gill. Ruwa yana zuwa kwazazzabo kuma ana fitarwa ta bakin.
Moray eels kifi ne mai zurfin ruwa. Matsakaicin iyakar zurfin da za a iya samun wannan kifin bai wuce mita 50. Rashin son zurfafawa mai yiwuwa ana haifar da ƙaunar zafi ne. Zafin ruwan da aka fi so shine 22 - 27 ° C. Tsibirai, raƙuman ruwa, wuraren da ba su da zurfin duwatsu a cikin raƙuman wurare masu zafi da ƙauyuka - abubuwan moray eels.
Abun cikin moray yana wari a cikin akwatin kifaye
Ruwa na farko na ruwa don kiyaye moray shine Romewan da. A cikin tafkunan dutse - vivariums - sun saki moray eels. Mun ciyar da su. Mun sami damar ɗanɗana sabo moray eel... Marubutan tarihi ba sa keɓe cewa ana ba bayin da suka yi aikin ba daidai ba ko kuma ba su girmama mai shi ba don su ci.
Masu ilimin ruwa yau suna kiyaye moray ne kawai don ado da kuma dalilan hoto. A cikin moray eels, ana jan su, da farko, ta wani yanayi mai ban mamaki da haɗari, mafi yawanci ƙagaggen labari, wanda ke fitowa daga moray eels. Bugu da kari, moray eels suna da tsayayya ga cututtuka, marasa ma'ana cikin abinci.
Mafi yawan jinsunan akwatin kifaye sune echidna tauraron moray eel, sunan kimiyya: Echidna nebulosa, da kuma zinaren zinare na zinare, in ba haka ba gwal mai wutsiyar zinariya ko Gymnothorax miliaris. Hakanan ana samun wasu nau'in, amma farashin su yayi sama saboda rashin yaduwar su.
Wasu moray eels suna dauke da ruwa mai kyau. Amma wannan yana nuna yanayin daidaitawar kifi zuwa ruwa na nau'ikan nau'ikan gishiri. Moray eels suna jin daɗi sosai a cikin akwatinan ruwa waɗanda ke haifar da yanayin yankin reef.
Gina Jiki
Moray mai lalata yana amfani da abincin furotin na musamman. Iri daban-daban na moray eels suna mayar da hankali kan takamaiman nau'in ganima. Mafi yawansu sun fi son rayuwar ruwan teku. Wadannan sun hada da:
- kifin da aka haɗiye shi gaba ɗaya;
- octopuses, moray eels ana cinye shi a cikin ɓangarori, yana cire sassan nama;
- kifin kifi, moray eels yana kula dasu kamar rashin tausayi kamar dorinar ruwa.
Speciesananan nau'in moray eels sune durophages, ma'ana, dabbobin da ke ciyar da ƙwayoyin da ke haɗe a cikin harsashi. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan moray suna kai hari ga kaguji, jatan lande, da molluscs.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kimanin shekara 3, moray eels sun fara kula da zuriyarsu. An yi imanin cewa moray eels yana da gabobin haihuwa na mata da na mace. Koyaya, an haɗa tsarin kiwo: eray moray biyu suna da alaƙa da juna. Irin waɗannan mahaɗan suna faruwa a ƙwanƙolin lokacin rani, lokacin da ruwa ya ɗumi sosai gwargwadon iko.
Ofayan moray eels yana samar da caviar, ɗayan yana samar da madara. Dukansu abubuwa an sakesu cikin ruwa, ana cakudawa a ciki, kuma yawancin ƙwai suna yin takin. Wato, tsarin haɓakar sifar yana da ƙyama - a cikin layin ruwa.
Bugu da ari, ƙwai sun bar wa kansu. Bayan makonni 1-2, ana haifar da tsutsa. Kafin zama mai soya, ƙaramin moray eels, tsutsa na larvae na dogon lokaci a cikin shimfidar ruwa. A wannan matakin rayuwarsu, larvae din suna cin abincin da aka dakatar dasu cikin ruwa - mafi kankantar sassan asalin halitta.
Yayin da suke girma, tsutsa suna motsawa zuwa plankton. Bugu da ari, girman abinci yana ƙaruwa. Yaran moray sun fara neman mafaka, suna motsawa zuwa salon rayuwar kifin mai farautar yankuna. Moray eels suna shafe shekaru 10 na rayuwarsu an auna su da yanayi a cikin gidansu, suna zuwa farauta da haihuwa.
Ba a fahimci tsarin kiwo na moray eels ba sosai. Sabili da haka, yana da ƙimar musamman don samun ƙwayoyin moray eels a cikin mahalli mai wucin gadi. A karo na farko a cikin akwatin kifaye zai yiwu a sami zuriyar moray eels a cikin 2014. Wannan ya faru a Austria, a gidan Zoo na Schönbrunn. Wannan ya haifar da jin dadi a cikin duniyar ilimin halitta.
Farashi
Ana iya siyar da moray don dalilai biyu: azaman abinci da azaman kifi na ado - mazaunin akwatin kifaye. A shagunan kifin na gida, ba a sayar da moray ko dai sabo ne, daskararre ko shan sigari. A cikin Bahar Rum da kasashen Asiya ta Kudu, ana samun wadatar moray a matsayin abinci.
Amateurs na Rasha galibi basa cin abincin moray, amma suna ajiye su a cikin akwatinan ruwa. Wasu nau'in, alal misali, tayal Gymnothorax, na iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai kyau na dogon lokaci. Abu ne mafi kyau ga halittar moray su wanzu a cikin akwatin kifaye na ruwa.
Mafi shahararrun jinsunan sune echidna star moray eel. Farashinta shine 2300-2500 rubles. kowane kofi. Ga damisa moray echidna suna neman 6500-7000 rubles. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan da suka fi tsada. Kudin ya cancanci ganin yanki na teku mai zafi a gida.
Kafin sadarwa tare da moray eels, tambaya sau da yawa yakan taso: moray eel yana da guba ko a'a... Idan ya zo ga cizon, amsar ita ce a'a. Lokacin shirya moray eels don abinci, ya fi kyau sanin asalinta.
Tsohon moray eels da ke zaune a yankuna masu zafi sau da yawa yakan ciyar da kifi mai guba, ya tara gubarsu a cikin hanta da sauran gabobin. Saboda haka, za a iya cin naman moray na Bahar Rum a amince, yana da kyau a ƙi daga kifin da aka kama a cikin Caribbean.
