Tun zamanin da, mutane sun haɓaka dangantaka ta musamman da mujiya - tsoffin mazaunan duniya. Mai hankali, zurfin halittar daji, wanda mutum yayiwa asiri, sihiri na musamman. Mujiya tsuntsu ne ya shiga al'adun al'ummomi, wanda ya zama alama ta hikima, manzo na ƙarfin sihiri. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, mai farauta mai fika-fikai ba shi da ƙasa da littattafai.
Bayani da fasali
Bambancin tsari na mujiya na wakiltar kananan tsuntsaye daga girman kyanwa zuwa manyan wakilai tsawon 60-70 cm. A cikin mazauna daban-daban, launin zanin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa-kasa, launin ruwan kasa, baki da fari.
Amma siffofin mujiya na yau da kullun sun sanya su sananne a duk kusurwar duniya - kai mai zagaye tare da manyan idanuwa dake gabansa, gajeren baki mai lankwasa. Masana kimiyyar kimiyyar jijiyoyin jiki sun nuna wasu siffofin tsarin jikin mutum wanda ya bambanta mujiya da sauran tsuntsaye masu cin nama. Don haka, alal misali, tsarin tsuntsaye daban yake:
- ikon yatsan waje don lanƙwasa baya;
- wani haske mai laushi na gashin tsuntsu mai laushi a fuska;
- kasancewar laushin yatsu da ƙanana a cikin labulen, godiya ga wanne mujiya tashi yayi shiru.
Paafafun ƙafafun ƙafafu masu ƙarfi suna da ƙarfi. Ana daidaita ƙusoshin ƙarfi don kama wanda aka azabtar, riƙe. Faɗin fika-faɗinsa mai faɗi ya kai cm 150-200. gashinsa na uku da na huɗu sun fi tsawo. Wutsiya gajera ce. A cikin jirgin, mujiya sun kai saurin gudu zuwa 80 km / h.
Kan tsuntsun yana da girma saboda yawan labulen, wanda ke ba shi sifa madaidaiciya. An san ikon tsuntsaye na juya kawunan su tare da juyawa na 270 ° ba tare da wata damuwa ko cutar da lafiya ba. Wannan fasalin yana taimaka wa masu farauta su bi abin da suka kama.
Ganin hangen nesa yana bayar da hotuna baki da fari. Neman ruwan tabarau a cikin bututun ƙaho, maimakon ƙwallon ido, yana ba mujiya damar gani sosai cikin dare. Matsayin idanu a gaba shima yana taimakawa ga farauta mai nasara.
Amma tsuntsu ba zai iya juya idanunsa ba, kamar mutum. Kallonta yake koyaushe. Arealibai suna da hankali sosai ba kawai don faɗakarwar haske ba, amma suna faɗaɗawa kuma suna takurawa yayin numfashin mai farauta.
Tsuntsaye suna ji da kyau fiye da kuliyoyi sau huɗu. An rufe kunnen waje da ragowar fata, kewaye da fuka-fuka masu haske. Thearamar motsi na ganima tana cin amanar gabanta ga mujiya.
Ana iya jin muryar tsuntsu a lokacin saduwa, yana da kira. A zamanin da, yana da alaƙa da kaɗaici, baƙin ciki, wanda aka jera tsakanin sojojin aljannu. Lokacin da tsuntsu ya fusata, sai ya fitar da halayyar bakinsa na haushi.
Saurari muryar mujiya mai gajeren kunne
Launi na owls koyaushe kamanni ne, mai hankali. Black spots, specks, ratsi suna warwatse a kan asalin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Tun daga nesa, suna haɗuwa tare da asalin kewaye, kuma da yamma ba zai yiwu a ga tsuntsayen ba - launi sake kamanni shine fa'idar sa.
Irin
Akwai iyalai 2 a tsakanin owls - owls na gaske, owls barn. Yawancin zuriya masu fuka-fukai suna mamaye yankin daga mahaɗiyar zuwa ƙasashen arewacin. Wasu nau'ikan mujiya samu shahara ta musamman.
Mujiya mai dogon kunne. Filayen launin toka-toka-toka-sahu a saman jiki tare da tabo mai duhu; partangaren ɓangare yana da alama tare da layuka masu wucewa. A kan kai akwai gashin tsuntsaye na gashin tsuntsaye har zuwa 3 cm, wanda ya ba da sunan ga tsuntsu.
Girman mujiya ya kai kimanin cm 35 a tsayi, tare da fikafikansa mai tsawon cm 90. Ya fi son gandun daji masu haɗiye na ƙasashen Turai, arewacin Asiya, inda ta yi gida. Yana farauta akan wuraren buɗewa - a cikin filayen, tare da copses. Yana haifar da salon rayuwa. Yana ciyar da beraye, ƙananan dabbobi, tsuntsaye. Mujiya mai dogon kunne tana yin watanni na hunturu a Afirka.
Saurari muryar mujiya mai dogon kunne
Babban mujiya. Babban tsuntsu, jikinsa yakai tsawon cm 80. plan lilin mai launin toka. Idanun rawaya ne masu haske. Taiga mazaunin. Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin yankunan tsaunuka na Turai, a Mongolia. Mujiya ta samo sunanta ne saboda baƙar tabo da ke ƙasan baki, wanda ya yi kama da gemu. Fari mujiya gashin an kafa abin wuya a wuya.
Gwataran Gwataran. Karamin wakilin dangi, tsayin jikin tsuntsu kawai 16-19 cm, nauyi ne 60-80 g. Kan da alama ya dan lankwashe. A kusa da idanun rawaya akwai zobba masu launin fari da launin ruwan kasa, a saman idanun akwai girare masu fari.
Speananan launuka masu launin rawaya suna ɗora kambi na mujiya; a kan gashin fuka-fure masu launin ruwan kasa-kasa na baya akwai manyan wurare. Cikin ciki fari ne da doguwar raunin duhu mai duhu. Tsuntsayen suna zama a cikin dazuzzuka na daji, suna farauta dare da rana, suna haifar da rayuwa mara kyau.
Saurari muryar muƙadashin gwara
Mujiya kadan. Kewayon launin ruwan kasa mai haske na plumage. Idanuwa a lumshe suke, sakamakon haka tsuntsu yayi kamar yana da damuwa. Zagaye wuraren yashi akan fuka-fuki, suna da tsawo akan kirji da ciki.
Tsuntsun ya zama ruwan dare a Kudancin Altai, a cikin Transbaikalia, a yankin tsakiyar Turai, a kasashen Asiya, a arewacin Afirka. Sun fi son yankuna masu tudu, yankuna masu hamada, inda akwai beraye da kadangaru da yawa.
Kunna Oan Mujiya
Mujiya Bambanci mai ban mamaki tsakanin tsuntsu shine cewa yanayin fuska yana da zuciya. Bayyanannen bayyanar yana dacewa da tsarin asymmetrical na kunnuwa - kunnen hagu yana kusa da goshin, kuma yakamata a nemi na dama a cikin hancin hancin. Wannan fasalin yana samar wa tsuntsu kyakkyawan ji.
Girman mujiya na matsakaiciya matsakaici ne - tsayin jiki har zuwa 39 cm, nauyi 200-500 g. Lilin a baya yana da haske ja, tare da ɗigogi da yawa, ɗamara, ratsi. Inuwa yana canzawa gwargwadon mazaunin tsuntsu.
Saurari muryar mujiya barn
Farin Owl. Tsuntsayen mazaunin tundra ne, saboda haka launi sake kamanni yana da mahimmanci ga wuraren dusar ƙanƙara. Bakin baƙin duhu, ɗigon baki, idanun rawaya suna da haske musamman a cikin farin farin dusar ƙanƙara.
Tsawon tsuntsun ya kai 65 cm, yana yin nauyi zuwa kilogiram 2.5. Sun fi son yankuna masu budewa; kusan basa tashi zuwa yankuna daji. Abincin ya dogara ne akan lemmings. Mujiya na iyakacin duniya da aka jera a cikin Red Book, wani nau'in da ba a cika samun shi a Greenland, Arewacin Amurka.
Hawk mujiya. Girman tsuntsu ana iya kwatanta shi da girman hankaka. Launi mai jan hankali yana nuna halin ƙananan jikin. Babban sautin launin ruwan kasa ne masu launin ruwan toka.
An samo shi a Karelia, yankin Murmansk, Kamchatka, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka. Wutsiya tana da tsawo. Hawk mujiya — hunturu tsuntsu. A cikin cin abinci na wani mummunan lokaci, maimakon rodents, hazel grouses, fararen jakar ruwa sun bayyana.
Saurari mujiya na shaho
Mujiya na Scops (na kowa). Lumbin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne masu launuka da yawa, ratsi masu ratsa haske. Tsawancin mujiya na kimanin 22 cm, nauyi yana da 80. Yana zaune a cikin yankuna gandun daji. Baƙi Winters a Afirka, kudancin Asiya.
Saurari muryar wani sirrin mujiya
Mujiya A cikin babban dangin mujiya, wannan shine babban wakili. A kan babba kai a cikin wuraren buɗe ido akwai gashin tsuntsu masu kauri, kama da auricles. Launin fuka-fukan fawn, ocher.
Ba kamar yawancin dangi ba, suna farautar ganima da yawa a rana - hares, dusar dawa, dawakai. Auyukan da aka fi so su ne matakai, inda babban fuka-fuki ba ya haɗuwa da matsaloli.
Saurari muryar mujiya
Rayuwa da mazauni
Mujiya ana zaune a ko'ina - ana iya samunsu a bakin teku, a cikin hamada, yankuna masu tsaunuka, a tsakanin tsaunuka, dazuzzuka. Ba za ku iya samun mujiya kawai a Antarctica ba. A Rasha, akwai nau'ikan mujiya guda 18. Baya ga namun daji, masu farauta suna zama a bayan gari, kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
A cikin ɗakunan bene na gini, ƙarƙashin rufin gidaje, zaku iya samun abin da ke zaune a wurin mujiya Wani irin tsuntsu ne, mai kaura ko a'a, ya zama bayyananne daga halayyar tare da isowar yanayin sanyi. Ba duk nau'ikan mujiya ke tashi zuwa yankunan kudu ba, yawancinsu basa zama. Ana yin ƙaura ne kawai saboda ƙarancin abinci. Tsuntsayen tsaunuka suna ƙaura zuwa filayen, owls na arewa suna barin wuraren zamansu kafin ɗumi.
Yankuna dazuzzuka sun fi ban sha'awa ga tsuntsaye, amma akwai nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da buɗe wuraren. Ana iya samun tsuntsayen tsuntsaye a cikin ramuka da aka watsar, a tsakanin ɓangaran duwatsu; mujiya masu dusar ƙanƙara suna kwan kwan su kawai a cikin rami.
Mujiya - tsuntsu mara dare, amma fararen, shaho, mujiya na farauta da rana. Kyakkyawan hangen nesa, ji mai kyau, ikon tashi sama cikin nutsuwa yasa tsuntsayen mafarautan da babu kamarsu. Don neman ganima, wani lokacin suna fitar da kukan kaifi wanda yake tsoratar da beraye. Theananan motsi yana zama alama ce ga mai farauta don kaiwa hari.
Ta hanyar murya, halayyar sauti, zaku iya tantance nau'in tsuntsu:
- Mujiya na buga "dariya";
- "Yapping, tari" yana tattare da mujiya mai dogon kunne, mujiya mai tawny;
- mujiya mai dusar kankara ta sake buga hooting na monosyllabic;
- bushewa ta fito daga mujiya na gwara, da mujiya.
Mujiya suna rayuwa ta kadaici, ba sa tafiya cikin garken tumaki. Keɓaɓɓen wanzuwa yana da alaƙa da haɗewa zuwa takamaiman rukunin yanar gizo, yankin mutum.
Gina Jiki
Mujiya tsuntsu ne mai cin nama, tushen abincin shine abincin asalin dabbobi. Kasancewa mafarauta mafiya kyau, tsuntsaye suna azurta kansu da kowane irin yanayi. Samun abinci ya dogara da mazaunin.
Birdsananan tsuntsaye suna cin abinci a cikin adadi mai yawa na amphibians, kwari iri-iri (ƙwaro, ciyawa), ƙananan beraye (beraye, voles), wanda ke da babbar fa'ida, yana lalata mazaunan gandun daji masu cutarwa.
Babban mujiya suna farautar dabbobi masu shayarwa (bushiya, kurege). Suna kuma cin beraye, kadangaru, macizai, lemmings, frogs, da shrews. Mujiya yakan afkawa tsuntsaye sau da yawa, amma a lokacin yunwa sukan afkawa kaji da kananan masu wuce gona da iri. Nauyin mujiya da ke rayuwa a gabar gabar teku suna kama kifi, suna cin kadoji, mussel.
Wani fasalin mujiya sananne ne na dogon lokaci, har zuwa wata ɗaya, yin ba tare da ruwa ba. Bukatar shan giya idan akwai larura, sun cika jinin waɗanda aka kashe. Amma masu farauta masu fuka-fukai suna buƙatar matattarar ruwa ba kawai don kashe ƙishirwa ba, har ma don hanyoyin tsabtace jiki. A cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, mujiya suna haɓaka abinci tare da 'ya'yan itace masu lafiya,' ya'yan itace, da tsire-tsire.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Owls suna ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i na dindindin, kiwo, a matsayin mai mulkin, sau ɗaya a shekara. Amma yawan abinci na iya taimakawa ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwa a cikin wannan lokacin. Na gidajen su mujiya a cikin daji ba ya ginawa, ya sami ramuka masu dacewa, yana zaune a cikin tsofaffin gidajan da tsuntsaye suka watsar, ya sauka a rami, keɓaɓɓun wurare. Wasu nau'ikan, kamar mujiya mai gajeren kunnuwa, suna yin kwayayensu a ƙasa, a cikin ciyayi masu danshi, ko kuma yin ƙananan ramuka.
A cikin kama yawanci akwai farin ƙwai 3-10, ƙarami a cikin su, kusan mai sihiri ne mai fasali. Mace tana ɗaukar ƙwai, farawa daga na farko, cikin wata guda, saboda haka, kajin da ke cikin shekaru daban-daban ya bayyana a cikin gida daga baya. Namiji yana shiga cikin ciyar da mace, kuma daga baya - zuriyar da ta bayyana.
Owlets ƙyanƙyashe sun rufe ƙasa, amma suna da rauni sosai, da ƙyar suka ɗaga kawunansu. Su makafi ne na ɗan lokaci. Lokacin da kajin karshe a cikin diyan ya kyankyashe, dattawan sun riga sun cika kwana 10. Kajin da suka girma sun fi samun kulawa.
Suna aiki tukuru wajan kwace abinci daga bakin iyayensu; youngerananan na iya samun komai kawai. A lokacin yunwa, akwai lokuta na cin naman mutane, yunƙurin da manyan tsuntsaye ke yi wa kannensu a cikin gida.
Mujiya kaji bayan kimanin kwanaki 20, suna yin ƙoƙari na farko don tashi daga cikin gida. Tsayawa cikin rami galibi ya fi tsayi. Gabaɗaya, owlets sun zama masu cin gashin kansu bayan watanni 2-3.
Owls a yanayi ba safai zai iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru sama da 8-10 ba, tunda a cikin yanayinsu na asali suna cikin haɗarin faɗuwa ga manya-manyan masu farauta - shaho, gaggafa ta zinariya. A cikin bauta, rayuwar mujiya ta fi tsayi, masu shekaru ɗari da arba'in sun fi shekaru 40 ko sama da haka.
Abun cikin gida
Kuna iya samun mujiya azaman dabba na dabba idan kun kasance a shirye don samar da tsuntsayen abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Mafarautan dare zai so yin aiki daga maraice zuwa safiya, don haka tsuntsu ba zai bar mai shi ya kwana ba.
Mujiya na bukatar gawawwakin beraye ko na tsuntsaye domin ciyarwa, naman kawai ba zai yi aiki ba. Ba kowane mai gida bane zai kasance cikin shiri don wannan. Tsuntsayen suna bukatar isasshen sarari don kada su zauna a cikin keji, su ba da fukafukansu, wani lokacin kuma su tashi sama. Mujiya, mujiya, da sauran manyan tsuntsaye ba su dace da ajiye su a cikin gida ba.
Mujiya a cikin hoto koyaushe yana jan hankali tare da duban kulawa. Masu mallakar tsuntsayen dabbobi suna lura da hankalinsu, wasan su, mahimmancin su, son sanin su. Ya kamata ku sayi mujiya kawai a cikin gandun daji, saboda kasuwanni galibi suna sayar da mutanen da mafarauta suka kama.
Tsuntsayen daji galibi ba su da lafiya, don haka za ku iya kawo kamuwa da cuta cikin gida kuma a bar ku ba tare da dabbar dabba ba. Cututtuka a cikin tsuntsaye suna girma cikin sauri. Hanya mai ƙwarewa da kulawa ta gaskiya ce kawai za ta tabbatar da lafiya da jin daɗin mujiya.
