Babu shakka duniya ita ce duniyar da babu irinta a duniyarmu. Wannan ita ce kadai duniyar da aka daidaita don rayuwa. Amma ba koyaushe muke yaba shi ba kuma muna gaskata cewa ba za mu iya canzawa da tarwatsa abin da aka ƙirƙira sama da biliyoyin shekaru ba. A duk tarihin wanzuwar ta, duniyar tamu ba ta taɓa ɗaukar kaya irin wannan da mutum ya ba su ba.
Ramin sararin samaniya akan Antarctica
Duniyarmu tana da lemar ozone wacce ke da matukar mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu. Yana kiyaye mu daga kamuwa da hasken rana daga hasken rana. Ba tare da shi ba, rayuwa a wannan duniyar ba zai yiwu ba.
Ozone shine shuɗin shuɗi mai ƙamshi. Kowannenmu ya san wannan warin, wanda ake ji da shi musamman bayan ruwan sama. Ba abin mamaki bane ozone a cikin fassarar daga Hellenanci yana nufin “ƙanshi” An kafata a tsawan sama da kilomita 50 daga saman duniya. Amma mafi yawansu suna a 22-24 km.
Dalilin ramuka ta ozone
A farkon shekarun 1970, masana kimiyya sun fara lura da raguwar lemar ozone. Dalilin haka shi ne shigar da abubuwa masu gurɓataccen ozone da aka yi amfani da su a cikin masana'antu a cikin manya-manyan layuka, ƙaddamar da rokoki, sare bishiyoyi da sauran abubuwa. Waɗannan sune gallan ƙwayoyin chlorine da bromine. Chlorofluorocarbons da sauran abubuwan da mutane suka sake su sun isa mashigar ruwa, inda, a ƙarƙashin tasirin hasken rana, suka shiga cikin chlorine kuma suna ƙona ƙwayoyin ozone. An tabbatar da cewa kwayar chlorine daya zata iya kone kwayoyin ozone 100,000. Kuma yana nan a cikin yanayi tsawon shekaru 75 zuwa 111!
Sakamakon faduwar lemar sararin samaniya a sararin samaniya, ramuka ozone ke faruwa. An gano na farko a farkon 80s a cikin Arctic. Faɗin sa ba shi da girma sosai, kuma digon lemar ozone ya kasance kashi 9 cikin ɗari.
Ramin ozone a cikin Arctic
Ramin ozone babban digo ne a yawan ozone a wasu wurare a cikin sararin samaniya. Kalmar '' rami '' tana bayyana mana ba tare da ƙarin bayani ba.
A cikin bazarar 1985 a Antarctica, a kan tashar Halley Bay, abun cikin ozone ya ragu da kashi 40%. Ramin ya zama babba kuma ya riga ya wuce Antarctica. A tsayi, shimfidar sa ta kai kilomita 24. A cikin 2008, an lasafta cewa girmanta ya riga ya wuce kilomita miliyan 262. Abin ya ba duniya mamaki. Shin ya bayyana? cewa yanayinmu yana cikin haɗari fiye da yadda muke tsammani. Tun shekarar 1971, ozone layer ya ragu da kashi 7% a duk duniya. Sakamakon haka, haskakawar ultraviolet na rana, wanda yake da hadari a dabi’ance, ya fara sauka akan wannan duniya tamu.
Sakamakon ramuka na ozone
Likitoci sun yi amannar cewa raguwar sinadarin ozone ya kara yawan kamuwa da cutar kansa da makanta saboda cutar ido Har ila yau, rigakafin ɗan adam ya faɗi, wanda ke haifar da nau'ikan wasu cututtuka. Mazaunan layin saman teku sun fi shafa. Waɗannan sune jatan lande, kaguji, algae, plankton, da sauransu.
Yanzu haka an rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don rage amfani da sinadarai masu rage ozone. Amma koda kuwa ka daina amfani dasu. zai ɗauki sama da shekaru 100 don rufe ramuka.
Ramin ozone akan Siberia
Shin ana iya gyara ramuka na ozone?
Don kiyayewa da dawo da ozone layer, an yanke shawarar daidaita fitowar abubuwa masu rage ozone. Suna dauke da sinadarin bromine da chlorine. Amma hakan ba zai magance matsalar ba.
Har zuwa yau, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar hanya ɗaya don dawo da ozone ta amfani da jirgin sama. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a saki iskar oxygen ko ozone da aka kirkira a tsawan kilomita 12-30 sama da Duniya, kuma a watsa ta da fesawa ta musamman. Da kadan kadan, ana iya cike ramuka na ozone. Rashin dacewar wannan hanyar shine yana buƙatar ɓarnatar da tattalin arziƙi mai mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, ba shi yiwuwa a saki adadin ozone zuwa sararin samaniya a lokaci ɗaya. Hakanan, aikin jigilar ozone kanta yana da rikitarwa da rashin aminci.
Labaran ramin Ozone
Yayinda matsalar ramuka ta ozone ta kasance a buɗe, ra'ayoyi da yawa sun ƙirƙira shi. Don haka suka yi kokarin juya lalacewar lemar ozone a cikin tatsuniya, wanda ke da fa'ida ga masana'antar, wai saboda wadatarwa. Akasin haka, duk abubuwan chlorofluorocarbon an maye gurbinsu da abubuwa masu rahusa da aminci na asalin halitta.
Wani bayanin karya da cewa ozone yana rage freons suna da nauyi matuka don isa ga lemar ozone. Amma a cikin sararin samaniya, dukkan abubuwa sun cakude, kuma abubuwan da ke gurbata yanayi suna iya kaiwa matakin stratosphere, wanda a cikinsa ake samar da lemar sararin samaniya.
Bai kamata ku aminta da bayanin cewa ozone ya lalace ta hanyar halogens na asali ba, ba mutum ba. Wannan ba haka bane, aikin mutane ne ke ba da gudummawa ga sakin abubuwa masu cutarwa da ke lalata ozone. Sakamakon fashewar dutsen da sauran bala'o'in ƙasa kusan ba ya shafar yanayin ozone.
Kuma tatsuniya ta ƙarshe ita ce cewa an lalata ozone a kan Antarctica kawai. A hakikanin gaskiya, ramuka ozone suna yaduwa a duk sararin samaniya, suna haifar da adadin ozone ragu gaba daya.
Hasashen na nan gaba
Tun lokacin da ramuka na ozone suka zama matsalar muhalli ta duniya ga duniya, ana sanya musu ido sosai. Kwanan nan, lamarin ya bunkasa sosai. A gefe guda, a ƙasashe da yawa, ƙananan ramuka na ozone suna bayyana kuma suna ɓacewa, musamman a yankuna masu ci gaban masana'antu, a ɗaya hannun kuma, akwai kyakkyawar hanya a rage wasu manyan ramuka na ozone.
A yayin lura, masu binciken sun rubuta cewa rami mafi girma na ozone yana rataye a Antarctica, kuma ya kai girmansa a 2000. Tun daga wannan lokacin, idan aka yi la'akari da hotunan da tauraron ɗan adam ya ɗauka, a hankali ramin yana rufe. Wadannan maganganun an bayyana su a cikin mujallar kimiyya "Kimiyya". Masana muhalli sun kiyasta cewa yankin ta ya ragu da muraba'in mita miliyan 4. kilomita.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa sannu a hankali daga shekara zuwa shekara yawan ozone a cikin stratosphere yana ƙaruwa. Wannan ya sauƙaƙe ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Montreal a cikin 1987. Dangane da wannan daftarin aiki, duk ƙasashe suna ƙoƙari su rage hayaƙin da ke cikin yanayi, ana rage adadin motocin. China ta yi nasara musamman kan wannan batun. Bayyanar sabbin motoci ana sarrafa su a can kuma akwai batun kima, ma’ana, ana iya yin rijistar wasu takaddun lasisin mota kowace shekara. Bugu da kari, an cimma wasu nasarori na inganta yanayi, saboda a hankali mutane suna sauyawa zuwa wasu hanyoyin samun makamashi, akwai neman ingantattun albarkatu da zasu taimaka wajen kiyaye muhalli.
Tun daga 1987, matsalar ramuka ta ozone ta tashi sama da sau ɗaya. Yawancin taro da tarurrukan masana kimiyya sun ba da kansu ga wannan matsalar. Hakanan, ana tattauna batutuwan muhalli a tarurrukan wakilan jihohi. Don haka, a shekara ta 2015, aka gudanar da Babban Taron Yanayi a Faris, wanda manufar sa shi ne haɓaka matakan yaƙi da canjin yanayi. Wannan kuma zai taimaka wajen rage fitar da hayaki a sararin samaniya, wanda ke nufin ramuka na ozone a hankali zai warke. Misali, masana kimiyya sunyi hasashen cewa a karshen karni na 21, ramin ozone akan Antarctica zai bace baki daya.
