Badger na yau da kullun (Meles meles) dabba ce mai shayarwa wacce ke cikin jinsin badgers da dangin Cunya. Dabba mai taurin kai yana da fasali mai ban mamaki, wanda ya sauƙaƙe rarrabe shi, idan ya cancanta, daga sauran wakilai masu yawa na tsarin Carnivorous da na Badger.
Bayanin lamba
Dukkanin kananan badger din da aka sani zuwa yau sun cancanci a cikin manya manyan wakilai na dangin dangin Kunya masu yawa, kuma suma suna da halin narkar da jiki da rashin damuwa saboda fadada gangaren da akayi a baya.
Bayyanar
Kan badger yana da tsayi, da matsakaitan idanu da gajeru, kunnuwa masu kunkuru... A ginshiƙan kaudal, akwai gland na preanal, waɗanda aka tsara don sakin ruwa mai ƙanshi, mai kamshi. Abubuwan da aka saki mai ƙanshi yana ba dabbobi damar fahimtar dangi kawai, harma da sadarwa da juna. Dabbar tana da gajerun kafafu masu kauri da kayoyi masu kauri da rauni da aka daidaita don yaga kasa. Takalmin sa a kan ƙafafun dabba mai nau'in tsiraici. Tare da shimfidar daddafe na molar haƙoran baya, dabbar tana nika kowane irin shuka.
An rufe akwati da wutsiya da gashin mara nauyi, mara kyau kuma mafi tsayi. Hakanan an lura da kasancewar gajere da siraran siket. Gashi a kai da kuma a kan kafafu ya fi guntu. Badgers yana da halin saurin narkewa, wanda ke faruwa a duk lokacin bazara. A cikin shekarun bazarar da suka gabata, ana lura da asarar sutura, kuma a farkon bazara, dabbar na rasa gashin mai tsaro. Tsohuwar ulu a cikin dabbobi tana faɗuwa kusa da kaka, kuma a lokaci guda ana lura da sake tsirowa a hankali a hankali.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Badger na miji ya fi mace girma, kuma tsawon jikin dabbar baligi ya banbanta tsakanin 60-90 cm, tare da tsawon jelar 20-24 cm kuma matsakaicin nauyin jikin bai wuce kilogiram 23-24 ba. Nauyin badger kafin ɓarna na iya kaiwa kilogiram 33-34.
Launi ya bambanta dangane da halaye na yankin, amma kasancewar furwar launin toka-mai-toka-toka a bayanta da kuma duhun gashi tare da dukkanin tudu ana iya ɗauka azaman alamun gama gari. A gefen dabba, a matsayin mai mulkin, akwai haske "ripple". A cikin yankin kai akwai duhun duhu wanda ke ratsa idanu daga hancin badger, yana toshe kunnuwa ko ya taɓa gefuna na sama. Gashin goshi da kunci suna da halayyar launin fari, rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa. Launi na Jawo a lokacin rani ya fi duhu, tare da jan launi. Ga samari, ƙarancin haske da bayyananniyar launin launi halayyar mutum ce.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Dabbobin manya suna da alaƙa da mazaunin da aka zaɓa na asali... Matsakaicin girman makircin mutum na iya isa kadada 500-510 ko ƙari kaɗan. Mutane masu zaman kansu sun fi son zama cikin kabura masu sauƙi tare da mashiga / fita da ɗakin kwana kai tsaye. Wuraren da ake kira “matsugunan badger” sun kasance hadaddun tsari da sifofi daban-daban na karkashin kasa wadanda suke da yawan hanyoyin shiga / fita da wuraren bude iska. Har ila yau, a cikin irin waɗannan "garuruwa masu kagara" akwai ramuka masu tsayi wadanda suka jujjuya zuwa manyan dakuna masu zurfin ciki.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Bandicoot ko marsupial badger
- Skunk (Merhitidae)
- Martens
Kasan gurbi an rufe shi da gado mai bushewa. Nakin kwana, a ƙa'ida, yana ƙasa da matakan ruwa, wanda ke zama amintaccen kariyar dabbobi da zuriyarsu daga ƙasa ko ruwa na yanayi.
A yayin tsabtace burkin lokaci-lokaci, wanda dabbobin manya ke aiwatarwa, ana cire duk tsofaffin da suka shuɗe.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Badgers dabbobi ne da basu mallaki tsokanar dabi'a ga mutane ko wasu dabbobi ba, amma da nufin kare kai, irin wannan dabban mai farautar zai iya cizon abokin hamayyarsa da hanci.
Wasu dabbobin sukan mamaye burbushin burger, gami da karnuka da karnuka. Da farkon hunturu har zuwa bazara, badgers suna shiga cikin bacci, kuma a wannan lokacin yanayin jikin dabbar 34.5 ne kawaigame daC. Badgers dabbobi ne masu cin nama tare da rayuwar dare, amma galibi ana iya samun irin waɗannan dabbobin tun kafin duhu.
Har yaushe ne badgers suke rayuwa
A cikin mazauninsu na asali, badgers ba su wuce shekaru goma ko goma sha biyu ba, kuma a cikin bauta, irin wannan dabbar na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar ko goma sha shida. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, yawan mace-mace tsakanin matasa ya kai rabin jimillar. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dabbobin suna rayuwa har su balaga.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin rarrabawa da mazaunin badgers sun bambanta dangane da halaye na ƙananan:
- M. meles meles yana zaune a Yammacin Turai. Wadanda ake kira badgers na Turai sun fi girma girma;
- Ana samun M. meles marianensis a kusan dukkanin Spain da kuma wasu yankuna na Fotigal;
- M. meles leucurus ko badjan Asiya yana zaune a yankunan Rasha, yankin Tibet, China da Japan, kuma yayi kama da ƙananan ƙasashen Turai a girma;
- M.meles anaguma ko badgers na Gabas wakilai ne na nau'in ƙanana masu girman gaske;
- M. meles cannes ko baƙon Asiya ta Tsakiya, kwatankwacin bayyanar ƙasashen Turai.
Kamar yadda lura na dogon lokaci ya nuna, mahalli na badgers ya haɗu da gandun daji na taiga, sau da yawa yankuna dazukan tsaunuka. A cikin yankunan kudu na kewayon, irin waɗannan dabbobin daji galibi ana samunsu a cikin tudu da yankunan hamada.
Dabbar ta fi son bushewa, yankuna masu kyau tare da magudanan ruwa na kusa ko fadamar fadama, wanda ya samo asali ne daga halayen babban abincin abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dabbobin da ke zaune a yankunan arewa ba sa yin bacci a lokacin hunturu, amma barorin da ke zaune a yankunan kudanci suna ci gaba da aiki a duk tsawon shekara.
Abincin Badger
Duk wasu nau'ikan badger suna cikin jinsin dabbobi masu cin komai, wanda bawai dabbobi kadai yake wakilta ba, harma da abincin shuke-shuke.... Wakilan oda Predatory da jinsin Badgers cikin farin ciki suna ciyar da beraye masu kama da linzamin kwamfuta, kwari da matakin tsutsar ciki, kowane irin kwari, bumblebees da wasps, ƙananan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kwari, katantanwa da slugs.
Wasu lokuta badgers suna kama sabbin zomayen da aka haifa, ƙwai tsuntsaye, ba kadangare da macizai masu yawa ba, da kuma wasu nau'ikan macizai masu dafi. Tare da wasu dabbobin, badgers suna da kariya ta wani bangare na dafin dafin dafin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Farkon lokacin sanyi na farko yana tare da bayyanar da kasala a cikin dabbobi da raguwar aiki, saboda shi ana kashe duk albarkatun mai da aka tara a lokacin rani da kaka tare da ƙimar inganci.
A matsayin abincin tsirrai, mai shayarwa ya fi son rhizomes na tsire-tsire daban-daban da fungi, sassan kore na ciyayi da albarkatun berry, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga jikin dabba a ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokutan kaka. A wasu lokuta, badgers suna amfani da hatsi mai narkewa don abinci, gami da hatsi a matakin balaga.
Dabbobi basa cin rabin kilo kilo na abinci a kullum, amma yayin da lokacin bacci ya gabato, badgers suna kara yawan abincin da suke cinyewa, wanda yake basu damar tara isasshen ruwan leda, ana barnata su a lokacin hunturu.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin kiwo na badgers na bangarori daban-daban ya faɗi akan lokuta mabanbanta, kuma a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tsawon lokacin ɗaukar ciki ya banbanta. Tare da yawancin sauran dangin Cunya, badgers suna ɗaukar zuriyarsu tsawon watanni goma ko goma sha ɗaya.
A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya, daga alamomi biyu zuwa shida aka haifa, waɗanda aka haifa tare da bambancin lokaci - an haifi Europeana Europeanan Turai a watan Disamba zuwa Afrilu, kuma a yankin ƙasarmu - a tsakiyar bazara.
Sababbin jariri cikakke ne makafi kuma basuda taimako, kuma jikinsu yana lulluɓe da farin farin fari... Idanun jarirai suna buɗewa kimanin shekara ɗaya da rabi, bayan haka matasa a hankali za su fara fitowa daga kabarinsu.
Badgers 'yan watanni biyu sun riga sun fi aiki, sabili da haka, suna iya yin ɗan gajeren tafiya tare da mace don neman abinci. Dabbobi suna shirye don abinci mai zaman kansa tuni yana da wata uku, kuma masu bautar sun zama balagaggu ne kawai daga shekaru biyu ko uku.
Makiya na halitta
Badgers ba su da abokan gaba na zahiri, amma kerkeci, karnukan daji da manyan lynx na iya haifar da wani haɗari ga irin waɗannan wakilai na redarancin da Badger. Wasu manya sun mutu yayin aiwatar da yaƙe-yaƙe na rashin iyawar yanki na kowane mutum.
Mahimmanci! Yawancin lambobi sun mutu sakamakon ɓarkewar yankunan da aka mamaye da kuma kan manyan hanyoyi, da kuma yayin ɓarnawar wuraren adana kayan ƙasa da canje-canje a cikin shimfidar wuraren dabbobi.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, mafarauta da ayyukan tattalin arziki ko na masana'antu na mutane na shafar yawan bajakolin. Kwanan nan, lamuran kama samari tare da niyyar kiyaye su kamar dabbobin gida marasa ban sha'awa da marasa daɗi sun zama mafi yawaita.
Babu wata matsala ta musamman tare da tsare waɗannan dabbobin a cikin fursuna, don haka shaharar bajistar gida na ƙaruwa koyaushe.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Duk wani yanki na badgers yanzu na dabbobin daji ne, "Mai haifar da Damuwa Mafi Girma", ko kuma "A Karkashin barazanar barazanar bacewa", saboda haka, yawan mutane da matsayin nau'ikan irin wadannan wakilai na masu bada umarni.
