Serval Kyakkyawan dabba ne mai farauta. Mutane sun daɗe da sanin wannan kyanwar. A tsohuwar Misira, tana kiyaye gidaje daga beraye. Don fa'idodi, kyakkyawa bayyananniya da halaye masu zaman kansu, Masarawa sun mai da sabis ɗin dabba mai tsarki.
Bayani da fasali
Kyanwar daji ita ce sunan mahaifa. Yana da siririn feline. Tana da nauyi sau biyu zuwa uku fiye da kifin gida: 10-15 kilogiram. Girma daga bene zuwa nape na dabba baligi ya kai 55-60 cm.
Fuskokin waje suna da ƙaramin kai, dogayen ƙafafu da gajeren jela. Auricles suna da girma ɗaya da na cat. Suna da alama babba saboda ƙaramar girman kai.
Serval — kuli mai-shuɗi, amma akwai mutane masu idanu masu ruwan kasa. Gashin baki fari ne. Ana kuma zana ƙwanƙwasa farar fata. Akwai tabo da ratsiyoyi a goshi da kumatu. Wuraren duhu sun bazu ko'ina cikin jiki akan launin rawaya mai launin zinariya. Bangaran jikin mutum fari ne. An rufe shi cikin laushi mai laushi da haske fiye da gefuna da baya.
Launi na iya bambanta dangane da biotope, mazauninsu. Servals da ke zaune a cikin buɗaɗɗun wurare suna da launi mai haske, mafi ɗigo. Kuliyoyi masu jan hankali zuwa yankunan dazuzzuka suna da fata mai duhu, ƙaramin tabo.
A cikin tsaunukan Kenya, akwai tsere na musamman na masu yi wa kasa hidima - melanists. Wato, dabbobi fentin baki. Wasu lokuta ana haifar zabiya, amma irin wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne kawai cikin kamuwa.
Duk da karancin zamantakewar al'umma, ma'aikacin yana fitar da sautuka iri-iri. Maganar dabba yawanci takan bayyana kanta a lokacin saduwa ko yayin sadarwa tsakanin mace da kittens. Kyanwar daji, kamar na gida, na iya meow, purr, purr, nuna rashin jin daɗi da raɗaɗi, da sauransu.
Irin
A cikin karni na 19 da na 20, masana kimiyya sun gabatar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobin biyu biyu biyu na halittu. An gudanar da rabon ne bisa launin launin dabbobi. An haɗu da kuliyoyi tare da manyan wurare masu bambanci a cikin jinsunan Felis servalina. Masu mallakar ƙananan aibobi sune Felis ornata.
A farkon rabin karni na 20, masana kimiyyar halittu sun yarda cewa bambance-bambancen ba su da asali. Sabunta (Leptailurus serval) ya zama nau'in jinsin kawai a cikin jinsin halittar Leptailurus. Amma a cikin jinsin an gano kananan kabilu 14.
- Cape Serval. Mafi yawan bincike akan ƙananan. Yana faruwa a yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Afirka, kudancin gabar Tekun Atlantika. An ba shi suna bayan lardin tarihi na Afirka ta Kudu: Cape. Haɗa a cikin ƙididdigar nazarin halittu a cikin 1776.
- Beir Serval. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samunta a Mozambique. An sani tun 1910.
- Sahelian serval, sabis. An rarraba shi a cikin yankin Afirka, daga Saliyo ta yamma zuwa Habasha a gabas. A baya anyi la'akari da jinsin mai zaman kansa.
- Bautar Afirka Ta Arewa. Ya kasance cikin ƙirar nazarin halittu tun daga 1780. Shekaru 200 bayan haka, a 1980, ya bayyana a cikin Littafin Ja. Rayuwa da farauta a cikin gandun dajin gabar kogunan Maroko da na Aljeriya.
- Faradjian Serval. An lakafta shi bayan ƙasar Kongo ta Faraji, babban mazaunin ta. An buɗe a cikin 1924.
- Hamilton's Serval. Yanki - Afirka ta Kudu, lardin tarihi na Transvaal. Haɗa a cikin ƙididdigar nazarin halittu a cikin 1931.
- Harshen Tanzania na Tanzania. Yana zaune a Tanzania, Mozambique, Kenya. Yana da launi mai haske. An sani tun 1910.
- Kemp's Serval ko Yarjejeniyar Uganda. Yana zaune cikin gangaren dutsen tsaunin Elgon. An gabatar da shi a cikin ƙirar nazarin halittu a cikin 1910.
- Serviv Kivu. Mahalli - Congo, ba safai ake samun sa ba a Angola. An buɗe a cikin 1919.
- Angolan Serval. An rarraba shi a kudu maso yammacin Angola. An sani tun 1910,
- Botswana Taron An rarraba a cikin savannah Kalahari, a arewa maso yammacin Botswana. An buɗe a cikin 1932.
- Serval Phillips. Yankin shine yankin Somaliya. An buɗe a cikin 1914.
- Serval Roberts. An rarraba a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 1953 an sanya shi a cikin ƙirar nazarin halittu.
- Bautar Togo Rayuwa da farauta a Najeriya, Burkina Faso, Tongo da Benin. An sani tun 1893.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ba a yadu Serval a Arewacin Afirka ba. Wani lokaci ana samunsa a Maroko. An kawo shi zuwa Tunisia da Algeria. Amma ba ta karɓi rarraba a waɗannan ƙasashe ba. Rarraba - yankuna masu bushe-bushe dab da bakin tekun Bahar Rum. Guji gandun daji da yankunan hamada.
Babban filin zama shine yankin Saharar Afirka. An rarrabashi a cikin Sahel, wani tsarin savannah wanda yake dab da Sahara. Kuma a mafi yawan yankuna kudu, har zuwa Cape Peninsula.
Don rayuwa da farauta ya fi son wurare tare da ciyawa mai tsayi, bakin kogin dausayi. Zaɓaɓɓu, a matsayin matsuguni, sandar sandar warwar. Yi rikodin a cikin filin ambaliyar ruwa da kuma gandun daji na hotuna. Ya dace da yanayin rayuwa daban-daban. An samo shi a kan gangaren dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro. Matsayi mafi girma a wanda ya bayyana Afirka na sabis, - Mita 3800 sama da matakin teku.
Ayyukan bawa ba shi da alaƙa da lokacin rana. Yana aiki dare da rana. Rana mai zafi kawai zata iya sa shi ya tafi dogon hutawa a inuwa. Serval yana da sirri sosai. Yana da matukar wuya mutum ya ganta.
Ya fi son kadaici. Yana jagorantar rayuwar mai kwalliya. Yana saduwa da wasu wakilan jinsin ne kawai yayin lokacin saduwa. Affectionauna kawai ta dogon lokaci ita ce dangantakar uwa-da-yara da kyanwa.
Serval mai cin yanki ne. Kowace dabba tana da nata yankin farauta. Girmansa ya kai daga kilomita murabba'i 10 zuwa 30. Babu ƙaura ko ƙaura a cikin waɗannan dabbobin. Motsi cikin neman sabbin wuraren farauta yana yiwuwa.
Yankin shafin ya dogara da yawan yuwuwar samarwa. An yiwa yankin alama. Amma dabbobi suna guje wa yaƙe-yaƙe. Servals suna ƙoƙarin warware matsalar ta amfani da barazanar kuma ba tare da kai tsaye haɗuwa ba.
Kyanwa shrub na iya fadawa cikin farauta ga manyan masu cin nama, kuma masu cin naman mutane masu ban sha'awa: karnukan daji da kuraye. Yana guduwa daga maharan a cikin dogon tsalle, galibi yana sauya alkibla. Iya hawa bishiya. Kodayake ba a amfani da wannan hanyar ceto. Hawan bishiyoyi ba shine ƙarfin Serval ba.
Gina Jiki
Serval, wanda aka fi sani da kyanwa daji, mai cin nama ne. Yana farautar beraye, ƙananan tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Yana lalata gida, na iya kama manyan kwari. Baya kyamar kwadi da sauran yan amshi. Yana cin ciyawa a cikin adadi kaɗan. Yana aiki don inganta narkewa da tsarkake ciki.
Babban abincin ganima shine ƙananan dabbobi masu nauyin nauyin gram 200. Akwai 90% daga cikinsu. Beraye ne suka mamaye kaso mafi tsoka a cikin kyaututtukan farauta. Akwai hare-hare kan ganima mafi girma: zomaye, dawakai na yara, flamingos.
Lokacin bin diddigin wanda aka azabtar, Serval ya dogara ne akan ji. Farautar ta ƙunshi nau'i biyu. Da farko dai, masu sintirin suna hawa sama, sai kuma kaifin tsere. Serval a cikin hoton galibi ana kama shi a cikin tsalle mai tsalle.
Yana (tsalle) na iya zama tsayin mita 2 da tsayi zuwa mita 4. Tare da wanda aka azabtar, kamar kifin gida, baya wasa. An kashe abin farautar nan da nan kuma akwai saurin canji zuwa abincin. A lokaci guda, gabobin ciki da gashin tsuntsaye ba su cinyewa.
Kyanwar daji ƙwararren maharbi ne. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa rabin hare-haren nasa suna ƙarewa cikin farauta. Kuliyoyin uwa suna da mahimmancin nasara. Yana daidai da kashi 62. Kyanwar da ke ciyar da kyanwa ta kai hare-hare 15-16 nasara a rana.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Servals ya zama manya tun yana da shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu. Ayyukan haifuwa suna farawa ne da lalata cikin mace. Yana faruwa sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara. Mace ta fara nuna halin ko in kula sannan ta bar warinta ko'ina. Ita kuma tana meows da karfi. Mayar da hankali kan sauti da ƙanshi, katar ta same ta. Babu wasu shagulgulan aure. Nan da nan bayan taron, an haɗa ma'aurata.
Akwai kallo mai ban sha'awa. Ayyukan haifuwa na mata yayi daidai da lokacin kiwo na wasu berayen. A lokaci guda, fara bayyana kittens na sabis, sa'annan ana haifan beraye, wanda masu cin abincin ke ciyar dasu. Haɗin waɗannan hanyoyin yana sauƙaƙa aikin ciyar da sabon ƙarni na masu farauta.
Don haihuwar zuriya, mace na tsara wani abu kamar gida. Wannan shi ne ko dai keɓantaccen wuri a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, daji, ko kuma burodin buhunan wata dabba: cincin nama, aardvark. An kyankyashe kittens na kwanaki 65-70. Makauniyar haihuwa, mara taimako Bayan kwanaki 10-12, kananan masu hidimtawa sun fara gani.
Kittens, waɗanda suke wata ɗaya, sun fara cin ɗanyen nama. Madarar uwa ta zube a bayan fage. Mace mai ciyar da jarirai dole tayi farauta da yawa. Mahaifiyar tana kawo kofunan ne zuwa masaukin. Ana kiran jarirai meowing.
Yana da shekara shida, ciyar da madara kwata-kwata. Yara masu hidimar ci gaba na dindindin, kuma sun fara bin mahaifiyarsu kan farauta, suna samun ƙwarewar rayuwa. Ba za a iya rarrabewa da kittens ɗin shekara ɗaya da dabbobi manya kuma su bar mahaifiyarsu.
Servals yana rayuwa cikin daji tsawon shekaru 10. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, a cikin bauta, rayuwar zata zama daya da rabi zuwa biyu. Serval kuli tana rayuwa fiye da mace tsawon shekaru 1-2. Wannan bambance-bambancen zai gushe idan aka tsare dabbobi kuma aka sanya su bakara.
Serval a gida
Beenoƙarin ƙoƙari na sadarwar bayi an san shi tun zamanin dala. Amma a nan gaba, alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane da kuliyoyin daji ta ɓace. Amfani da sabis ya sake bayyana a cikin karni na 20. Wataƙila asalin dabbar ana ganin ta a matsayin tushen asalin farincikin fur. Abu na biyu, a matsayin dabbar dabba.
Babban ƙoƙari a cikin kiwo da kuma samun samfurin Serval na cikin gida ya kasance daga masu shayarwa a Amurka. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa don hayayyafa. Kodayake sabis ɗin a cikin asalin sa ya dace sosai don kula da gida.
Sabis yanzu an san dabbobin gida. Ba a ɗauka tsarkakakkun membobi a matsayin nau'in kyanwa ba. A ƙarshen karni na 20, wani hadadden sabis da kifin Siamese ya bazu ko'ina. Sun sa masa suna savannah. An yi rijistar kyanwar ne a matsayin na dabam na Associationungiyar Catungiyar Catasa ta Duniya a 2001. A cikin 2012, ƙungiyar ta amince da wannan nau'in a matsayin zakara.
Yanzu yana iya nunawa da gasa a matakin ƙasa mafi girma. Nau'in, wanda ya danganci samfurin serval da gajeren gajere, ya bayyana a kusan lokaci ɗaya da savannah. An kira wannan nau'in Serengeti. Gane mai zaman kansa.
Waɗannan matasan biyu sun shahara sosai tare da masu sha'awar sha'awa kuma saboda haka masu shayarwa. Cibiyar kiwo ita ce Amurka. Masu mallakar kyanwa suna da sha'awar halaye waɗanda aka samo daga waɗanda suka samo asali - Serval.
- Kyakkyawa, alheri da martabar bayyanar.
- Abokantaka da ladabi, kamar talaka cat.
- Kare kare ga mai shi.
- Saurin hankali da nutsuwa yayin horo.
- Lafiya lau.
Gidan sabulu yana da ba kawai fa'idodi ba. Akwai matsaloli saboda abin da zaku iya ƙi kula da kayan alatu na alatu.
- Hankalin dabba ya haɗu da dabara da taurin kai.
- Duk wani ƙaramin ɗan gida zai iya faɗawa cikin tilas.
- Sha'awar motsi, tsalle, hawa sun fi na kuliyoyi na talakawa.
- Yankin da dabbar ta ɗauka ta zama tasa za a iya yin alama.
- Farashin barorin gida yana da yawa.
Ana ajiye servals, savannas da serengeti a cikin gidan kamar yadda ake yi wa kuliyoyi na yau da kullun. Suna buƙatar daidaito iri ɗaya, ƙarin sarari da sassaucin ra'ayi game da kayan ɗaki da suka lalace.
Ciyar da bautar cikin gida ba babbar matsala ba ce. Meatanyen nama tare da ƙasusuwa shine tushen abincin. Naman sa, kaji, offal zai yi. Ana buƙatar karin abubuwan bitamin da alama. Canji zuwa bushe abinci yana yiwuwa. A wannan yanayin, ya fi kyau a tuntubi likitan dabbobi.
Kula da lafiyar dabba daidai take: kana bukatar yin allurar riga-kafi a kan kari, sa ido kan halaye da halayyar dabbar, sannan a yanayin tashin hankali a tuntubi likitan dabbobi.
Mafi yawanci, ana ajiye kuliyoyi a matsayin abokai kuma ba a matsayin masu kerawa ba. Don a samu sauki Kulawa na zamani, ya fi kyau a bakara dabbar. Wannan aiki mai sauki na kuliyoyi ana yin shi ne tun yana da watanni 7. Akan yi wa kuliyoyi tun suna da shekara daya.
Farashin serval
Farashin servalda aka tsara don abun cikin gida yana da tsayi sosai. Don karnonin farko, masu kiwo suna neman adadi daidai da € 10,000, watau kusan 700,000 rubles. Zai yiwu a sayi kyakkyawar dabba don 10,000 rubles, duk da nisan nesa da keɓaɓɓen sabis.
