Spaniel na cikin gida ya gaji kyawawan halaye na mafarauci daga kakannin Ingilishi. Masana ilimin kimiya na Rasha sun yi kiwon nau'in da ya dace da yanayin yanayi mai wuya. Spaniel mai ɗaukar hoto ta Rasha ya zama ba aboki na masu kiwon kare kaɗai ba, ya zama dabbar da aka fi so a cikin iyalai da yawa.
Bayani da fasali
An samu nasarar kammala aikin masu kiwon karnuka na cikin gida a kan farautar farauta a tsakiyar karni na 20. Kare mai caca, mai biyayya ga mai shi, tare da kyawawan ƙwarewa da iyawa, juriya ta gado, rashin fa'ida daga spaniels na nau'ikan nau'ikan - Turanci Cocker, Welsh Springer, Sussex da sauransu.
Spaniel mai farautar Rasha, sabanin ma'abotanta, ya zama mai doguwar kafa, mai tauri, wanda ya faɗaɗa damar motsi a cikin faɗin cikin gida tare da saurin gudu. An haɓaka darajar nau'in sau biyu, na ƙarshe a cikin 1966. Masana suna matukar yabawa da sakamakon aikin kiwo, kodayake ba a san irin wannan ba a matakin duniya.
Dangane da daidaitattun, ainihin spaniels na Rasha ƙananan kaɗan ne - tsayi 32-45 cm, nauyi 15-20 kg. Maza sun fi girma, mata, bi da bi, ƙarami. Ginin yana da ƙarfi, tare da ingantaccen tsokoki. Jiki yana da sassauƙa, an ɗan elongated, tare da haƙarƙari na bazara. Ciki ya shiga ciki. Wutsiya madaidaiciya, da za a ɗora a rabi bisa mizani.
Gabobin jiki dogo ne, rabin tsayin kare. An kafa kafafun baya fiye da na gaba. Ananan yatsun suna haɗe sosai. Kan yana daidai gwargwado ga jiki. Miƙa mulki zuwa bakin bakin an faɗi. Manyan kunnuwa sun rataye ƙasa da bakin bakin kuma sun dace da kai. Idanuwan launin ruwan kasa masu bayyana, tare da tabarau daban-daban dangane da launi.
Spaniels suna da dogon gashi, galibi mayaƙan mayafi. Karnukan gashi masu madaidaiciya ba su da fa'ida a kimanta nau'in. Hairananan gashi a kai da ƙafafu, dogon gashi yana rufe baya, gefuna, ciki. A m undercoat warms sama, kare daga sauri wetting. Gashi yana da taushi sosai ga tabawa.
An samo launi a cikin haɗuwa daban-daban:
- launi daya - baƙar fata, zinariya, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu;
- launuka biyu - farare masu launin baƙaƙen fata, ja-baki, mai launin ruwan goro;
- tricolor - baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa tare da ɗamara, fari tare da launuka masu duhu na launuka daban-daban a cikin launi na manyan alamomi.
Spaniel mai ɗaukar hoto na Rasha, baƙar fata ko ja, a rana yana haskakawa musamman da ulu. Cutar da ba ta dace ba, gajeren wutsiya, da rashin daidaituwa tare da alamun dimorphism na jima'i ana gane su ne daga mizanai. A cikin sadarwa, ana rarrabe kare ta hanyar kyakkyawan yanayi, da ƙauna marar ƙarewa ga mai shi.
Hankali mai daɗi, babban matakin ilmantarwa, ladabi mai ladabi ga sauran dabbobin gida yana sanya spaniels abokai na gaskiya. Koda mai farawa zai iya ɗaukar horon dabbobi. Saboda ƙaramin girman, ana sauƙaƙe karnuka a cikin gidan. Ayyukan al'ada yana buƙatar sadarwa mai ƙarfi, yawo a kowace rana, da nishaɗin aiki.
Maganganun mutane sun haɗa da halayyar tashin hankali, bayyanuwar tsoro. Gaskiya asali Rasha Cocker Spaniel ana rarrabe shi da ikon maida hankali kan burin. Halin halayyar kare farauta shine rashin tsayuwa. Ba kamar sauran nau'o'in ba, kare ba ya daskarewa don jiran umarnin, amma da sauri ya ruga cikin kauri don fitar da wasan.
Hali
Abokai, aminci sune manyan fa'idodin gidan dabbobi. Hoton ɗan kwando na Rasha hoto yayi kyau sosai, irin dabba. Kare yana dacewa da yanayin gida ko gida.
Yana kula da baƙi da kyau, amma cikin azanci yana jin daɗin bege da kyau. Kare yana kare mai shi da kayan sa ba tare da son kai ba. Gabaɗaya, fushin bashi da mahimmancin sihiri, don haka bai kamata ku tada himma mai yawa na kare a cikin kariya ba. Ingantaccen tarbiyya bai hada da ci gaban zalunci ba.
Ya san yadda ake rarrabe tsakanin abokai da abokan gaba. Idan kare bai cutar da kuliyoyin gida da na yadi ba, zai ture baƙon nesa. Ba a ba da shawarar sanin ƙwarewar farauta ba. Hamsters, aku, aladu na iya farkar da sha'awar mai masarufin.
Wasu suna ganin spaniels abin haushi ne, amma kare yana bayyana cikakken shiryersa don bin mai shi, kasancewa a wurin kowane lokaci. Kare yana shirye ya jimre da rashin jin daɗi, rashin jin daɗi, amma ya kasance kusa da mai shi.
An bayyana kiran kare na gaskiya a cikin farauta. Mutanen Spain suna shirye don bincika ganima ko da mawuyacin yanayi. Daga ƙuruciya, suna fara horo kan ƙwarewar aiki waɗanda ke kawo farin ciki na gaske ga dabbar gidan. Maigidan yakamata ya debi kayan don farauta, saboda dabbar gidan zata farfaɗo, fara kuka, farauta don saurin zuwa nishaɗin da yake so.
Yin tafiya a cikin yanayi, a wurin shakatawa, yana ba wa kare babban ni'ima. Gudun kan hanyoyi, bin tattabarai, iyo a cikin kandami - komai yana kawo farin ciki. Karnuka suna jan hankalin duk sautuna, rustles, motsi.
Tare da yara, karnuka suna da haƙuri, abokantaka. Ana iya barin yaro cikin aminci tare da kare a matsayin mai goyo. Wasannin haɗin gwiwa, sadarwa suna kawo farin cikin juna. Idan kare yana jin kutse, ba zai nuna tashin hankali ba, amma kawai ya bar, ɓoye. Lokacin kiyaye karnuka a ƙarƙashin sarrafawa, ya kamata ku kiyaye sha'awar su.
Sha'awar nema da cin wani abu yana bayyana kanta a wuraren da basu dace ba. Cin dattin da aka bari, bazuwar dabba a cikin daji tana haifar da matsalolin lafiya. Kyakyawan tarbiyya da kulawa suna gyara raunin dabbar gidan, wanda masu shi a shirye suke su gafarta mai yawa don aminci da aminci.
Irin
Ofungiyar dangi na kusa sun haɗa da manyan nau'in Ingilishi da Cocker Spaniel na Ingilishi da na Amurka. Ba'amurke dan kasar Spain ya adana kayansa na waje daidai, an shirya su don baje kolin, amma ya rasa halayen aikinsa na asali.
Ingilishi na Ingilishi Spaniel ɗan kare ne mai ban sha'awa ga babban iyali. Kodayake ƙa'idodin jinsin sun ba da umarnin farautar masa, yana ɗaukan aiki mai yawa don rayar da ƙwarewar - yana buƙatar horo na musamman.
Karen Rasha dan leken asirin Spain girmama mai gida ɗaya, halayen farauta ana kiyaye su koyaushe a cikin duk wakilan jinsin, koda ba tare da horo na musamman ba.
Sauran nau'ikan Spaniel:
Spaniel na Tibet. Ananan girman tetrapods tare da taƙaitaccen abin bakin ciki, gajerun kafafu, asalinsu daga China. Bambancin jinsin ya bayyana a cikin rashin haƙuri da sararin samaniya ta karnuka. Madalla da masu gadi. Halin yana da rai, da wasa, da hankali, da kwazo.
Spaniel na Ruwan Irish. Wani tsohuwar da aka sani ga manyan wakilan karnuka - har zuwa 60 cm a tsayi. Abokan aminci akan farauta, a cikin wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Karnuka suna buƙatar aiki mai kyau, ilimi mai kyau.
Kulawa da kulawa
Spaniel na Rasha ba ya buƙatar yanayi na musamman na tsarewa. A cikin ɗakin yana buƙatar wurin kwana, a kan titi - rumfa mai rufi. Yana jure yanayin jujjuyawar yanayin da kyau. Babban damuwa yana da alaƙa da haɗuwa da dogon gashi na lokaci-lokaci, bincika idanu da kunnuwan spaniel don hana cututtuka. Bayan tafiya, ya kamata a binciki dabbar don a guje wa bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙoshin lafiya.
Gyaran yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci yayin zubar. Don sauƙaƙe aikin, ana fesa kare a hankali da ruwan citric acid. Mutanen Spain ba sa shiga nune-nune ba a yanke su ba. An shirya mahalarta ta hanya ta musamman don kada a sami alamun aski. Gyarawa ana yi a wasu yankuna inda sutura take a inuwar da ba ta dace ba.
Karnuka a cikin watanni 8-9 tare da ƙin yarda da ƙwayoyin kwikwiyo kawai ana tsefe su. Bayan yankan hoto, rigar ba zata yi sumul ba - bayyanar za ta lalace har abada. Yin wanka da spaniel ya wadatar sau ɗaya kowane watanni 3.
Daidai abun ciki na ɗan leken asirin Rasha shine samarwa dabbar gidan motsa jiki. Kare yana buƙatar gudu, tsalle, don haka aikin tsoka bai ragu ba. Hadin gwiwa, tafiye-tafiye, wasanni zasu kiyaye dabbobin gida da maigidan cikin kyakkyawan yanayi.
Gina Jiki
Spaniel na Rasha yana buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki mai wadataccen ma'adinai da bitamin. Dogo mai aiki dole ne ya cika wuraren ajiyar kuzari kuma ya kasance cikin yanayi mai kyau. Ganin yadda dabbobin ke son wuce gona da iri, ya kamata a iyakance abubuwan da za a raba, ba za a cinye su ba, a ciyar da su sau biyu a rana. Ci gaba da samun ruwan sha koyaushe.
Tushen abincin shine abincin nama. Yana da mahimmanci a ciyar da karnukan aiki da nikakken nama, na waje, dafaffun nama. In ba haka ba, spaniels zasu yaga ganima yayin farauta. An ba da shawarar ƙara zuwa menu kifin mara ƙashi, hatsi, kayan lambu a cikin nau'in hatsi, kayan kiwo, burodin hatsin rai.
Sweets, tsiran alade, kayan kyafaffen, kayan gasa an haramta su. Legoins suna haifar da samar da gas. Ana ba da izinin ciyar da busasshen abinci idan yana da inganci, daidaitacce a cikin haɗuwa. Masu kiwon kare sun ba da shawarar shirya ranar azumi don kare sau daya a mako tare da rage adadin abinci da kashi daya bisa hudu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Don haifuwa kwikwiyoyi Spaniel mai ɗaukar hoto ta Rasha a shirye suke a cikin watanni 9, amma masu kiwon kare sun ba da shawarar kada su yi hanzari har zuwa shekaru 2 na dabbobin gida. Saduwa da wuri yana haifar da wahalar haihuwa, zuriya masu rauni. An iyakance shekarun mafi kyau don spaniels na kiwo zuwa shekaru 10. An lura da mafi yawan haihuwa a cikin shekaru 4-7.
Masu mallakar karnuka suna bukatar sarrafa yawan saduwa ta yadda mata basa haihuwa fiye da sau daya a shekara. In ba haka ba, jiki ya ƙare, an haifi 'ya'yan kwari da rauni. Tsaran rayuwar karnuka shekaru 13-15 ne, ya dogara kacokam kan ingancin kulawa, abinci mai gina jiki, kula da dabbobin gida. Masu riƙe rikodin sun daɗe suna da shekaru 19-20.
Farashi
Siyan kwikwiyo sana’a ce da ta hau kan mutum. Masu mallakar suna buƙatar fahimtar dalilin samo kare:
- don dalilai na nuni;
- mataimakin farauta;
- kawai don sadarwar iyali, abokin ayyukan waje.
Zaɓin dabbobin dabba na rukuni biyu na farko ya ƙunshi cikakken bincike game da asalin, halayen halayen iyaye. Muryar kwikwiyo ya kamata ta kasance a sarari, kuma dabbar da kanta za ta zama mai ƙarfi, babba, mai aiki. Farashin ɗan kwando na Rasha tsarkakakku irin a cikin manyan makarantun nurseries zai kai kimanin $ 300-450. Puananan kwikwiyo sun fi tsada sau 2-3.
Siyan dabbar dabba ba ta da tsada, amma ba ta da ƙananan alhaki. Bai kamata ku saya daga masu siyar tallace-tallace ba, ɗakunan ajiya zasu ba da puan kwikwiyo na lafiya don $ 100 idan akwai ɗan ɗan kaɗan daga ƙa'idodin ƙirar. Yana da mahimmanci cewa yayin sadarwar farko kwikwiyo kuma ya “zaɓi” mai shi, to launin da ba daidai ba ko tsawon ƙafafu ba zai zama cikas ga sahihiyar aminci da aminci ba.
Horarwa
Ko da ma gogaggen mai kiwon kare ne zai iya tayar da sikandila. Dabbobin dabba da sauri suna koyon ainihin umarni. Skillwarewar kamewa, aiwatar da kira, na buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, don haka sha'awar ɗabi'a ba ta tsoma baki tare da biyayya.
Yana da kyau ayi aiki da halayen aiki a cikin filin. Senseanshi mai ƙanshi, juriya, ma'ana suna tattare da sifancin Rasha ta hanyar gado, maigidan ya kamata ya gyara halin a cikin yanayin da aka bayar. Aikin kare farauta shi ne neman abin farauta, daga shi, ya kai wa mai shi.
Spaniel zai kasance mai himma koda a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, wani lokacin yana kasada da ransa. Neman agwagin da ya ji rauni na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, wanda ke haifar da hypothermia na kare a cikin kandami. Ana ɗaukar spaniel a matsayin mataimaki don farautar zomo. Kare ba zai iya kama shi ba, amma ya sami nasarar jimre wa aikin nemowa da haɓaka shi ga mafarautan.
Yiwuwar cututtuka da yadda ake magance su
Mutanen Spaniels sun gaji kyakkyawan tsarin garkuwar jiki kuma suna da ƙoshin lafiya. Amma a cikin rayuwa mai rai, a kan farauta, kare na iya kamuwa da cuta daga kaska, yin iyo a cikin gurɓataccen ruwa. Rigakafin ya ƙunshi gwajin lokaci-lokaci, shawarwarin likitocin dabbobi, rigakafin kan kari.
Cututtuka na yau da kullun na raunin Rasha sune otitis media, kiba, rashin lafiyar abinci saboda rashin kulawa, kurakuran ciyarwa. Masu karnukan, masu lura da dabbobin gida, suna rage haɗarin cututtuka ta yadda dabbobin za su ji daɗi da kuzari, so, da kuma son yin hidimar mai ita koyaushe.
