Rakumin Bactrian. Bactrian raƙumi salon da mazauninsu

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Rakumai ƙattai ne masu huɗu

Babban gwarzon-mutum-biyu na dukkan dangin raƙumi yana da keɓewa na musamman don rayuwa cikin yanayin da zai halakar da sauran halittu masu rai.

Amintacce da fa'ida ga mutane sun sanya rakumi tun zamanin da, abokin zama na mazaunan Asiya, Mongolia, Buryatia, China da sauran yankuna masu bushewar yanayi.

Fasali da mazaunin raƙumi mai kama da dabbobi

Akwai manyan nau'i biyu raƙuma masu nitsuwa biyu. Sunaye numberananan raƙuman daji a cikin ƙasar Mongolia na haptagai, kuma raƙuman gida na al'ada actan Bighter.

An lissafa wakilan daji a cikin Littafin Ja saboda barazanar lalacewar ɗaruruwan mutane na ƙarshe. Shahararren mai binciken N.M. Przhevalsky.

An nuna raƙuman cikin gida a kan tsofaffin gidajen sarakunan da suka faro tun ƙarni na 4. BC. Adadin Bactrians ya wuce mutane miliyan 2.

Har yau rakumi - jigilar mutane da ba za a iya maye gurbin su ba cikin yanayin hamada, naman su, ulu, madara, ko da taki an daɗe ana amfani da shi azaman kyakkyawan mai.

Kiwan Bactrians yawanci ga mazaunan duwatsu, yankunan hamada tare da wadatattun hanyoyin ruwa, yankuna masu ƙanƙan da ciyayi marasa yawa. Inda zaka iya samun raƙumi mai ɗanɗano.

Ananan ambaliyar ruwan sama ko bakin kogi suna jan raƙuman daji zuwa wuraren shayarwa don cika jikinsu. A lokacin hunturu, suna yin dusar ƙanƙara.

Haptagai yayi tafiya mai nisa har zuwa kilomita 90 a kowace rana don neman abinci kuma musamman hanyoyin samun ruwa.

Girman ƙattai biyu masu girman kai suna da ban sha'awa: har zuwa mita 2.7 a tsayi kuma nauyinsu ya kai 1000 kg. Mata suna da ƙanƙan kaɗan: nauyi har zuwa 500-800 kg. Wutsiya tana da tsawon mita 0.5 tare da tassel.

Madaidaicin madaidaiciya yana nuna ƙoshin dabba. A cikin halin yunwa, suna jujjuya wani ɓangare.

An daidaita ƙafafun don motsawa a saman ƙasa ko gangaren dutse, suna da ƙafafun kafa biyu a kan matashin masara mai faɗi.

A gaba fasali ne mai kama da kofato. Yankunan da ba su da kyau suna rufe gwiwoyin gaba da kirjin dabbar. Ba sa nan a cikin mutane na daji, kuma siffofin jikinsa sun fi karko.

Babban kan yana motsi a kan wuya mai lankwasa. Ana rufe idanu masu ma'ana tare da layuka biyu na gashin ido. A cikin iska mai ƙarfi, ba rufe idanu kawai ba, har ma da hancin hancin tsagewa.

Babban lebban wuya, halayyar wakilan raƙumi ne, mai rarrafe ne, an daidaita shi don abinci mara nauyi. Kunnuwa kanana ne, kusan basa gani daga nesa.

Muryar kamar kukan jaki ne, ba mafi dadin mutum bane. Dabba koyaushe tana yin ruri idan ta tashi ko ta faɗi da kaya da aka ɗora.

Launi na babban gashi na launuka daban-daban: daga fari zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Jawo yayi kama da na belar ko bera.

Gashi a ciki da laushi mara laushi suna ba da kariya daga yanayin ƙwanƙwasa da ƙasa.

Molting yana faruwa a lokacin bazara, kuma rakuma "Tafi bald" daga saurin zubewar gashi. Bayan kamar makonni uku, sabon gashin gashi yana girma, wanda ya zama mai tsayi musamman ta hunturu, daga 7 zuwa 30 cm.

Haɗa kitsen mai a cikin humps har zuwa kilogiram 150 ba kawai samar da abinci bane, amma yana kare kariya daga zafin rana, tunda hasken rana mafi yawansu yana shafar bayan dabbar.

Bactrians ya dace da lokacin bazara mai zafi da damuna mai tsananin gaske. Babban abin da suke buƙata na rayuwarsu shine bushewar yanayi, basa haƙuri da damp da kyau.

Yanayi da salon raƙuman ruwa

A cikin yanayin daji rakuma suna da niyyar zama, amma koyaushe suna ratsawa ta cikin yankuna hamada, filayen duwatsu da tuddai a cikin manyan wurare masu alama.

Haptagai ya tashi daga wata maɓuɓɓugar ruwa zuwa wata don cike abubuwan ajiyar rai.

Yawancin lokaci mutane 5-20 suna kasancewa tare. Shugaban garken babban namiji ne. Aiki yana bayyana kansa da rana, kuma a cikin duhu raƙumi yana bacci ko yin halin kasala da rashin kulawa.

A cikin lokacin guguwa, yana kwance na kwanaki, a cikin zafin rana suna tafiya da iska don yanayin zafi ko ɓoyewa ta rafin dazuzzuka.

Mutanen da ke cikin daji suna da kunya da tashin hankali, ya bambanta da matsorata, amma masu kwantar da hankali. Haptagai yana da hangen nesa, lokacin da haɗari ya bayyana, sai su gudu, suna haɓaka saurin har zuwa 60 km / h.

Suna iya gudu na kwanaki 2-3 har sai sun gaji gaba ɗaya. Rakuman Bactrian na Gida ana ganinsu a matsayin makiya kuma suna jin tsoro daidai da kerkeci, damisa. Hayakin wutar ya firgita su.

Masu binciken sun lura cewa girma da karfin halitta basa ceton ƙattai saboda ƙaramin tunaninsu.

Lokacin da kerkeci ya kawo hari, basa ma tunanin kare kansu, sai ihu da tofa kawai. Ko da hankaka zai iya yin rauni a kan raunin dabbobi da kuma manyan abubuwa masu nauyi, rakumi yana nuna rashin kariya.

A cikin yanayin damuwa, tofawa ba sakin juzu'i ba ne, kamar yadda da yawa suka yi imani, amma abubuwan da ke ciki sun tara cikin ciki.

Rayuwar dabbobin gida tana karkashin mutum. Game da zama 'yan dabba, suna jagorancin mutuncin kakanninsu. Manya mazan da suka manyanta na iya rayuwa su kadai.

A lokacin hunturu rakuma yana da wahala fiye da yadda sauran dabbobi ke motsawa a cikin dusar kankara.Haka kuma basa iya tono abinci a karkashin dusar kankara saboda rashin kofato na gaskiya.

Akwai aikin kiwo na hunturu, dawakai na farko, suna motsa murfin dusar ƙanƙara, sannan kuma rakumatara sauran abincin.

Abincin raƙumi na bakteriya

Ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki mai ƙarancin abinci shine asalin abincin ƙattai biyu masu girman kai. Rakumai masu daɗin ciyawa suna cin shuke-shuke da ƙayayuwa waɗanda duk sauran dabbobi za su ƙi.

Yawancin nau'ikan floraran hamada an haɗa su cikin wadatar abinci: itacen reed, ganye da rassan ganyen kore, albasa, ciyawar ciyawa.

Zasu iya ciyar da ragowar kasusuwan dabbobi da fatu, harma da abubuwan da aka yi su, in babu sauran abincin.

Idan tsire-tsire a cikin abinci masu laushi ne, to dabbar zata iya yin ruwa ba har tsawon sati uku. Idan akwai tushen, suna sha sau ɗaya a kowane sau 3-4.

Mutane na daji har ma suna cin ruwan sha ba tare da cutar da lafiyarsu ba. Iyalai suna guje masa, amma suna buƙatar gishiri.

Bayan tsananin bushewar jiki lokaci guda raƙumi mai kama iya sha har zuwa lita 100 na ruwa.

Yanayi ya baiwa rakuma ikon jure dogon azumi. Karancin abinci baya cutar da yanayin jiki.

Yawan abinci mai gina jiki yana haifar da kiba da rashin aikin sassan jiki. A cikin abincin gida, raƙuma ba su da zaɓi, suna cin ciyawa, waina, da hatsi.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar raƙuman ruwa

Balaga rakuma yana faruwa kusan shekaru 3-4. Mata suna gaban maza a ci gaba. A cikin kaka, lokacin aure ya fara.

Zafin rai yana bayyana kansa cikin ruri, jifa, kumfa a baki da kai hare hare kan kowa da kowa.

Don kauce wa haɗari, ana ɗaure raƙuman gida maza ana yi musu alama da bandeji na gargaɗi ko kuma ware daga wasu.

Maza suna yaƙi, doke abokan gaba da cizawa. A cikin gasa, suna cutar da rauni kuma suna iya mutuwa a cikin irin wannan yaƙi idan makiyaya ba sa shiga tsakani kuma suna kāre masu rauni.

Rakuman Daji na daji a lokacin saduwar aure, sun zama masu ƙarfin zuciya kuma suna ƙoƙari su ƙwace matan gida, kuma mazan, ya faru, ana kashe su.

Ciki na mata yana ɗaukar tsawon watanni 13, an haifi ɗiya mai nauyin kilogram 45 a bazara, tagwaye suna da wuya sosai.

Jaririn yana bin mahaifiyarsa shi kaɗai cikin awanni biyu. Milk ciyar yana har zuwa shekaru 1.5.

Kula da zuriyar ya bayyana karara kuma yana wanzuwa har zuwa balaga. Sa'annan maza su bar don ƙirƙirar mata, kuma matan na cikin garken mahaifiyarsu.

Don haɓaka halaye da girma, suna aiwatar da ƙetare nau'ikan daban-daban: nau'ikan raƙuman rakumi guda biyu - BIRTUGAN (namiji) da MAYA (mace). A sakamakon haka, yanayi ya bar huɗu ɗaya, amma ya faɗaɗa kan bayan dabbar.

Tsawon rayuwa raƙuman raƙuman ruwa a cikin halitta yana da kimanin shekaru 40. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, dabbobin gida na iya haɓaka rayuwarsu ta shekaru 5-7.

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Kalli bidiyon: How to Draw Camel Bactrian Easy (Nuwamba 2024).