Bayani da fasali
Daga nahiyoyin da ake rayuwa a yau, an gano Ostiraliya daga baya fiye da wasu. Continentaramar ce ta kudu da ke keɓe daga wasu sassan ƙasar na miliyoyin shekaru. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa falalar waɗancan wurare ta shahara da asali da keɓantuwa.
Amma lokacin da Turawa suka fara binciken wadannan yankuna, duk da haka, na duk wasu halittun da ba a saba gani ba na wadancan kasashen da ba a gano su ba, galibi duk sun mai da hankali ne ga kangaroos masu tsalle da sauran marsupials, da kuma asalin tsuntsu, wanda daga baya aka ba shi laƙabi. kookaburra.
Halittar fuka fukai da aka ambata tana da matsakaita girman da nauyin kusan rabin kilogram. An ba shi kyauta mai kayatarwa; babban kai, kamar dai an daidaita shi daga sama, tare da ƙananan, zagaye, ƙananan idanu; dogon iko, conical baki; motley plumage.
Aborigines na Australiya sun ɗauki wannan halittar mai fuka-fuki. Haka ne, kuma bakin hauren sun shagaltu da tunowa da tsuntsaye har aka rubuta wakoki da wakoki masu ban dariya game da ita, masanan halitta sun yi rubuce-rubuce masu yawa a cikin rubuce-rubucensu, da shahararsa, duk da karamar karamar mazaunin da aka daidaita, ta yadu a duniya.
Mun lura yanzunnan cewa kwarjinin irin wadannan wakilan daji na masarautar masu fuka-fuka sam ba girma bane, wanda galibi baya wuce rabin mita, kuma ba a cikin inuwar rigar gashin fuka-fukan da ke shafa idanu ba. Ba a sani ba kururuwar kookaburra... Shi ne, kamar muryar kyankyasonmu, wanda yake farkar da dukkan rayayyun halittu da ke kusa da mazauninsu da safe.
Wannan shine sirrin kwarjini, da kuma sunan wannan tsuntsu. Kuma ta yaya ba za a dauke shi na musamman ba, ko da allahntaka, tunda yana sanar da wasu game da farkon sabuwar rana? Ee, ta yaya!
Australian "zakara" ba kawai kururuwa ba. Suna dariya, saboda sautin makogwaron da suke yi kama da na mutum, mai ban dariya da farin ciki. Tsuntsu yana da alama yana farin ciki da isowa ta gaba a duniyar mai ba da rai. Mazaunan wuraren da ake samun tsuntsayen da ba a saba gani ba tun zamanin da sun yi imanin cewa Allah ya umurci kookaburram su yi dariya tun a farkon lokacin da rana ta fara haskaka duniya.
Saurari muryar kookaburra
Don haka, Mahaliccin ya sanar da mutane game da muhimmin abin don su hanzarta don yaba fitowar rana. Tarihin 'yan asalin ƙasar ya ce sabuwar rana ba za ta iya zuwa ba har sai lokacin da kookaburra ya kira ta.
Waƙar ta tana farawa tare da tafa ƙaramar ƙara kuma ta ƙare tare da soki, dariya mai raɗaɗi. Irin wannan tsuntsu yana kuka, ba wai kawai kwatancin wayewar gari ba ne, har ma da wayewar gari. Kuma dariyarta ta dare tana da ban tsoro da ban al'ajabi wanda yake sanya zuciya nutsuwa cikin tsananin tsoro na camfi, domin ya zo a zuciya cewa wannan shine yadda tarin mugayen ruhohi suke ji da kansu.
Sautin tsuntsayen yana aiki a matsayin jigilar farkon lokacin saduwa. A lokuta na yau da kullun, yana watsa bayanai game da kasancewar mutane a wani yanki. Irin wannan kukan tsuntsayen mu sukan haifa sau da yawa yayin farauta da farmaki akan abokan gaba, sa'annan wannan kukan yana yin kama da alamar mutuwa.
Irin
Hakanan ana kiran wakilan da aka kwatanta ajin tsuntsaye manyan masunta. Kuma wannan sunan baya nuna kamanceceniyar waje kawai. Kookaburras dangi ne na ƙananan tsuntsaye da ke zaune a yankinmu, ma'ana, su mambobi ne na dangin sarki. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin sahun danginsu, ana ɗaukar su manya-manya.
Daga cikin manyan sifofin kamannin waje tsakanin "zakara" na Australiya masu dariya da sauran wakilan dangin da aka ambata, ya kamata mutum ya ambaci babban baki mai ƙarfi, kazalika da gajerun yatsu da yatsun kafa na gaba a hade a wasu yankuna. A hoto kookaburra fasalin bayyanarsa bayyane. Jinsi iri daya da sunan tsuntsu ya kasu kashi hudu, za a bayar da kwatancinsu a kasa.
1. Dariya kookaburra - mai kayan ado mai matukar hankali, inda launuka masu launin ruwan kasa da launin toka na sama, launuka masu launin farin ciki na ciki da ciki. Tsuntsun yana da idanu masu duhu. Halin halayyar kamanninta shine ratsi mai duhu wanda ke iyaka da dukkan kai, wucewa ta goshi zuwa idanuwa kuma yana cigaba da cigaba. Daga gabashin Ostiraliya, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sun bazu kwanan nan zuwa yankunan kudu maso yamma na babban yankin da wasu tsibirai da ke kusa.
2. Red mai ƙwanƙwasa kookaburra - wakili mafi kyan gani a cikin iyali. Filayen ciki na lemu yana da launi mai haske, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna. Wutsiyar tsuntsu kusan inuwa ɗaya ce. Bayyanar sa an kawata ta da fukafukai masu shuɗi, saman kai baki da fari baki. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna zaune ne a dazukan New Guinea.
3. Kookaburra mai fuka-fukai ya banbanta da masu haduwa a cikin kaɗan, wanda, tare da nauyin gram 300, yawanci bai wuce cm 40. Rigar tsuntsun tana da hankali, amma mai daɗi. Partasan fikafikan da yankin da ke sama da jela suna da shuɗi mai launi shuɗi; gashin fuka-fuka da wutsiya wadanda ke kusa da kasa ta fari, shuɗi mai duhu; kan yana da fari, an rufe shi da ruwan toka masu ruwan kasa; alama ce a maƙogwaro tare da farin yadi; kafadu suna tsaye tare da kyakkyawan azure tint; ciki fari ne tare da yankuna masu ruwan kasa-kasa; idanu haske ne.
Launin wutsiyar mata ya ɗan bambanta, yana iya zama baƙi ko kuma da tsiri mai jan launi. Irin waɗannan halittu masu fikafikai ana iya samun su a kusa da rafuka da filayen da ke dazuzzuka, galibi a arewacin nahiyar ta su.
4. Aruana kookaburra - wani nau'in da ba safai ake samun sa ba a tsibirin Aru. Waɗannan tsuntsaye ne masu tsayi a cikin girma da launi. Tsawonsu bai wuce santimita 35. Kawunansu yana da fata-fata, baƙi da fari; gashin fuka-fukai da wutsiya sun tsaya cikin kyakkyawan shuɗi mai launuka iri-iri; ciki da kirji farare ne.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Kookaburra a Ostiraliya ya fi son mai sanyi, yanayi mai sanyi, ya zauna a cikin dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka da shrouds. Ba tare da taimakon ɗan adam ba, irin waɗannan wakilan dabbobi masu fuka-fukai sun bazu kwanan nan daga gabashin babban yankin da kuma daga New Guinea, inda suke asali, zuwa wasu yankuna na wannan ɓangaren duniya, da kuma tsibirin Tasmania.
Irin wannan baƙon abu, ɗaukar hankali, abin tunawa ga sonancinsa, yanayi ya ba tsuntsunmu wata murya ba daɗin wasu ba, amma galibi don kariyar yankin da aka mamaye. Irin waɗannan sautunan suna sanar da kowa cewa yankin da aka ji su an riga an mamaye.
Kuma ba a buƙatar baƙi baƙi a can. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan tsuntsayen sukan ba da kide kide da wake-wake biyu-biyu kuma har ma da waƙa. Kasancewa sun mallaki yankin su, yawanci suna zama na dogon lokaci, basa tashi sama kuma basa neman tafiya don neman ingantacciyar rayuwa.
Kookaburra yana zaune, tana yin taka tsantsan wajen kiyaye shafinta, kuma ana zaton ta gida ce, tana sadar da zumunci da dangi, tare da su a cikin garken tumaki, da kuma wuraren hutu na itace mafi yawa sun zama mata mafaka. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen daji ba su da tsoron mutane musamman kuma suna iya karɓar abinci daga hannayensu. Suna ɗokin tashi zuwa daren da tsofaffi da masu yawon buɗe ido suka hura, da fatan cewa bayan cin abincin dare da baƙi masu farin ciki za su sami abin da za su ci riba.
Gullun Australiya sun saba da kamuwa da sauri, sabili da haka ana ajiye su a cikin gidan zoo da yawa a duniya. A gare su, keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu an sanye su, sanye take da wurare masu mahimmanci, don mazauna su sami damar shimfiɗa fikafikansu su tashi, ƙari ma, don shakatawa cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Kuma idan ɗayan maaikatan ya shiga yankin da aka killace shi, sai masu yin fuka-fukai su tashi a kafaɗunsu, su haƙo fikarsu a cikin fata kuma su fara dariya ba da daɗi ba. Don haka, dabbobin gida suna buƙatar abinci, sabili da haka halayyarsu kada ta firgita.
Ga mutum, basu da lahani, ƙari ma, suna saurin haɗuwa da waɗanda ke kula da su, kuma suna ganewa cikin taron tsakanin wasu. Abubuwan sha'awa na Ostiraliya suna kallon baƙi a gidan zoo tare da son sani, kuma da farin ciki suka zo kallo dariya kookaburra.
Gina Jiki
Wadannan tsuntsayen masu farautar dabbobi ne, sabili da haka, ban da kyawawan labaru, ana fifita su da shahararrun shahara. Akwai magana game da mummunan halin da suke yi wa 'yan uwansu. Kuma a cikin irin waɗannan tatsuniyoyin akwai mai yawa wanda ba shi da iko, amma kuma akwai gaskiya. Lallai, kookaburras suna iya cin kajin na zuriya da sauran tsuntsaye tare da rashin sauran abinci.
Suna kuma farautar ɓeraye da sauran ɓeraye. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ake samunsu ba, ƙananan kifi suna iya yaudaresu, amma, ba manyan masoyan wannan nau'in abincin bane. Gaskiya ne cewa babban abincin su ya kunshi nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe, kadangaru, kayan kwalliya, tsutsotsi da kwari, amma ba kawai ba.
Kuma wajen kashe farauta, idan ya ninka tsuntsu yawa sau da yawa, toka mai tsayi, mai ƙarfi, mai nunawa a ƙarshen, yana taimakawa manyan masunta. Don bukatun kansu, dariyar tamu ma na iya yin tasiri ga rayuwar irin su, amma suna yin hakan a cikin yanayi na musamman.
Bugu da ƙari, su da kansu sau da yawa suna zama waɗanda ke fama da mafarauta, galibi daga al'ummomin fuka-fukan. Tsuntsu kookaburra Har ila yau, tana farautar macizai masu dafi, wanda ta shahara sosai da su. Sabili da haka, don halakar da halittu masu haɗari ga mutane, galibi ana yin shi da gangan a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa.
Kuma harin da kookaburra akan maciji yana faruwa kamar haka. Da farko dai, maharbin mafarautan ya kama wata katuwar dabba mai rarrafe a bayan kai, wanda bakinsa harbawa mai dafi ke iya bayyana a kowane lokaci, kuma ya riƙe shi a wuya a wuya. A irin wannan matsayin, makiyi ba zai iya cutar da mai laifin nasa ba ko kuma tsayayya masa.
Sannan mai farauta mai fuka-fuki, yana cirewa, ya jefa abincinsa akan duwatsu daga babban tsayi. Sau da yawa ya kan kama wuyansa, ya ɗaga ya sauka ƙasa. Wannan yana ci gaba har sai wanda aka azabtar ya sami cikakkiyar nutsuwa. Wani lokaci, don nasarar ƙarshe, kookaburra dole ne ya gama macijin ta hanyar ɗauke shi a cikin bakinsa, yana girgiza shi a cikin iska yana jan shi a ƙasa. Kuma kawai bayan yawan aiki sai lokacin ƙarshe yazo cin abincin rana.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Gidajen dangin irin wadannan tsuntsaye galibi suna da fadi da kofofin bishiyun bishiyar eucalyptus. Lokacin saduwa, bakin kofa wanda yake tare da sifa waƙar kookaburra, farawa a watan Agusta kuma ya ƙare a watan Satumba. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, mace tana yin kama har zuwa ƙwai huɗu, waɗanda ke da farin launi mai kyau kuma ana jifa da lu'u lu'u-lu'u.
Mama-kookaburra na iya haifar da su ɗaya bayan ɗaya ko ƙwai da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. A halin da ake ciki, sasan zamani ɗaya suna da manyan rikice-rikice a tsakanin su, sabili da haka zaɓi na biyu bai fi dacewa da zaman lafiyar iyali da haifuwa ba. Kuma kimanin kwanaki 26 bayan fara shiryawa, kajin suna kyankyashewa.
An halicci nau'ikan kifayen sarakuna iri biyu don rayuwa, kuma a cikin irin wannan hadin akwai cikakken auren mata daya da taimakon juna a kiwon kajin. Ko da mata masu farauta masu farauta sau da yawa sukan tafi tare. Tare da haɗin gwiwar juna, suna tsaron yankin da aka mamaye. Kuma, sanar da wasu game da kasancewarsu, suna raira waƙa tare a cikin waet.
Amma a cikin irin wannan rayuwar iyali, komai yana faruwa, ba kawai fahimtar juna a aikace ba, har ma da faɗa, faɗa a kan ganima, mugunta, hamayya har ma da dangin juna. Wannan karshen yakan faru ne a tsakanin 'ya'yan da suka kasance mahaifa, idan sun kyankyashe daga kwai a lokaci guda.
Ba tare da wani dalili mai mahimmanci ba, ba wai kawai daga yunwa da wahala ba, amma har ma da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, kajin masu shekaru ɗaya suna lalata juna ba da wasa ba, amma da gaske. Suna gwagwarmaya har sai mafi girma da ƙarfi daga cikin tsira sun tsira. Amma kajin masu shekaru daban-daban basu da matsala. A nan, akasin haka, dattawa suna taimaka wa iyaye don renon yara.
Ba a san yadda shekarun kookaburra suke a cikin daji ba. Kimiyya ba ta san da wannan ba, kuma tatsuniyoyin Aboriginal ma ba sa watsa komai game da wannan batun. Koyaya, a cikin bauta, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sun shahara da tsawon rai, saboda wasu dabbobin gidan zoo suna gudanar da bikin cika shekaru hamsin a can.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
A cikin mahaifarta, tsuntsayenmu, wanda aka daɗe da amincewa da shi a matsayin alama ta wannan ɓangaren duniya, tare da kangaroo, maciji da kuma platypus, suna da ƙaunatacciyar soyayya da shaharar gaske, kuma dariya kookaburra yayi aiki azaman alamun kira na watsa shirye-shirye. Hujjoji da yawa sun tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa halittar fuka-fukan da muke bayaninsu ya jawo hankalin mutane tun zamanin da har zuwa yau.
Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Aborigines na jahiliyya wadanda basu sani ba har yanzu sun dauki zunubi a matsayin laifi ga keta halittar fukafukai masu tsarki kuma tun suna kanana suke koyar da hakan ga yaransu, suna cewa zasu girma rubabbun hakora idan sun taba kookaburra;
- Fararen baƙi sun ba wa wannan tsuntsu lakabin "Dariya Hans". Kuma daga baya, masu yawon bude ido da ke zagaye a nahiyar sun fito da wata alama: idan ka ji muryar kookaburra, burinka zai cika kuma babu shakka za ka samu sa'a;
- Wani tsuntsu mai raha mai suna Ollie ya zama mascot na wasannin Olympics na bazara a Sydney, birni mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a nahiyar;
- Sananniyar dabbar gidan dabbobi ta Australiya ta tsallake iyakar ƙaramar yankin, sabili da haka ana amfani da muryarta mai jan hankali a Disneyland yayin hawa;
- Muryar tsuntsu mai cike da fara'a tana sauti a cikin wasanni na kwamfuta, haka kuma sau da yawa a cikin sautuka na fina-finai na kasada lokacin da ake buƙata don yin rayuwar dabban daji a launuka masu dacewa. Duk wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda yawan dariya tsuntsun dare kookaburra kawai ba zai iya taimakawa sai burgewa.
Daga cikin masu zurfin bincike, Birtaniyya Jan Gould, masanin ilimin tsuntsaye a karni na 19, wanda ya wallafa wani littafi mai ban sha'awa game da tsuntsayen Ostiraliya don tsaransa, shi ne na farko da ya yi wa duniya magana da babbar murya game da wakilinmu na dabbobin fuka-fukai. Kyakkyawan ƙarfafawa don wannan wasiƙun danginsa ne waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa wata sabuwar nahiyar don waɗancan lokutan.
A cikin sakonninsu, masu labarin, suna ba da labarinsu, sun ambaci kookaburra. Sun rubuta cewa wannan tsuntsayen ba kawai yana da murya mai ban mamaki bane, wanda suka bayyana shi da sha'awa, amma yana da mutunci kuma baya tsoron mutane kwata-kwata.
Akasin haka, mutum, yayin da suke watsa shirye-shirye, yana tayar mata da sha'awa da sha'awar matsowa don duban wannan abin da baƙon. Amma tun kafin Gould, an bayar da kwatancin kimiyya game da wannan tsuntsu a da. Musamman, wannan anyi shi a ƙarshen karni na 18 ta Johann Hermann, masanin halitta daga Faransa.
