Wata dabba daga dangin dangi tare da sifofin atypical ga mai farauta sun bayyana masanan dabbobi a matsayin jinsinsu daban. An fadi game da cheetah a cikin "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" - saboda haka dadadden tarihin danginsa ne. Ilimin halittar jiki, halaye, halaye marasa kyau na masu shayarwa na musamman ne. Gudun Cheetah a cikin gudu yana zuwa kilomita 112 a kowace awa - shi ne dabba mafi sauri a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya.
Bayani da fasali
Kuna iya bambanta cheetahs da sauran nau'ikan feline ta launi na musamman na fata, jiki mara laushi, tsokoki masu haɓaka, dogayen ƙafafu da jela. Tsawon jiki na mai farautar yana da kusan m 1.5, nauyi yana da 40-65 kilogiram, tsayinsa yakai 60-100 cm Karamin kai tare da taƙaitaccen bakinsa.
Kunnuwa gajere ne, tsayayyu, zagaye. Idanun suna a tsaye. Asussuwan suna da ƙarfi, ƙafafu da ƙafafun kafa, waɗanda ke bambanta cheetah daga duk kuliyoyin daji. Yaran da suka kai watanni 4 kawai ke iya janye fikarsu, sa'annan suka rasa wannan ƙarfin.
Suturar dabbar tana da gajarta sosai, kawai an yi wa ado a saman wuyanta da ɗan ƙaramin baƙin gashi. A cikin ƙuruciya, igiyar azurfa tana gudana har zuwa ƙarshen baya. Launi na Jawo yashi-rawaya ne; wurare masu duhu sun bazu ko'ina cikin fata, ban da ciki. Girman da sifofin specks sun bambanta. Halin halayyar cheetahs alamun baƙi ne na baƙar fata - ratsi yana gudana daga idanu zuwa bakin.
Kuna iya bambanta cheetah da sauran raƙuman raɗaɗi ta ratsiyoyi duhu biyu a fuska.
Siffar dabbar tana nuna alamun mai tsere. Yayin gudu, jikin cheetah yana aiki don bunkasa saurin rikodi. Doguwar jela kyakkyawar ma'auni ce. Huhu na dabba suna da girma, wanda ke inganta numfashi mai ƙarfi yayin gudu mai sauri.
Domin cheetah ita ce dabba mafi sauri, a zamanin da, sarakunan da ke gabas suna amfani da dabbobi masu farauta don farautar dabbar daji. Sarakunan mulkin mallaka na Masar, khans na Asiya ta Tsakiya, rajajan Indiya suma sun adana fakitin cheetahs.
An bishe su bayan ganima da kwallaye a idanunsu, saboda kada suyi saurin bin abin da wuri. Yayin farauta, dabbobin daji ba su yi yunƙurin kashe dabbobin da aka kama ba har sai da yariman suka kusanci. Claafatattun ƙafafun dabbobi sun kiyaye abincinsu bayan busawa mai ban mamaki da ƙafafunsu.
A matsayin tukuici, dabbobi sun karbi kayan cikin gawarwaki. Farauta cheetah kyauta ce mai tsada. Dabbar ba ta hayayyafa a cikin fursuna ba, don haka ne kawai mutane masu daraja za su iya kamawa, azabtar da su da kuma horar da su.
An bayyana rashin daidaiton dabbar daji a cikin gaskiyar cewa yana da sauƙi a hora shi har ma a lokacin da ya girma, yana ba da ransa sosai ga horo. Suna nuna aminci ga maigidan kare, sun saba da leshi da abin wuya. A cikin gidan namun daji, da sauri sukan saba da ma'aikata, amma suna nuna babban wayewa ga baƙi.
Tarihin damisar ya fara ne tun kafin zamanin kankara, wanda suka tsira ta hanyar mu'ujiza, amma suna dauke da "gicciye" na lalacewar kwayar halitta daga lalata da karfi - fiye da rabin 'ya'yan kibiyoyin, har zuwa 70%, sun mutu kafin shekara guda. Tsayar da dabbobi cikin kamuwa da wuya.
Suna da matukar damuwa ga abubuwan da aka zana, canjin yanayin zafin jiki, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta - gaba ɗaya, da ƙyar suke iya daidaitawa da sabon yanayin. Buƙatar halittar dabbobi ta ta'allaka ne a yankuna da yawa, takamaiman abinci mai gina jiki.
Ana daukar cheetah a matsayin dabba mafi sauri a duniya.
Abun takaici, yawan dabbobin yana raguwa koyaushe saboda raguwar yankuna da suka dace da mazauninsu, farautar dabbobi. Dabbar dabba a cikin Littafin Ja an sanya shi azaman nau'in haɗari.
Irin
Centuriesarnoni da yawa da suka gabata, yawancin maƙaryata sun mamaye yankunan Asiya da Afirka. Dangane da bincike na 2007, ƙasa da mutane 4,500 suka rage a Afirka, yayin da Asiya ke ƙasa da ƙasa sosai.
Adadin dabbobi yana raguwa, kodayake ana kiyaye su ta hanyar ayyukan kiyaye yanayin. Rarrabuwa na yanzu ya hada da sauran rabe-rabe biyar na cheetah, ban da dadaddun da yawa. Hakanan ana samun ɗayan a Asiya, ƙananan rabe huɗu mazaunan Afirka ne.
Cheetah ta Asiya Adadin ƙananan ƙananan yana gabatowa ƙofar mahimmanci, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake samun ƙarin sha'awa a ciki. A cikin yankunan da ba su da yawa a Iran, ba a sami mutane sama da 60 na dabbobin da ba su da yawa. Sauran mutane ana ajiye su a cikin adadi kaɗan a gidan zoo a ƙasashe daban-daban.
Abubuwan fasalin ƙasashen Asiya ƙananan gabobi ne, wuya mai ƙarfi, da fata mai kauri. Vastananan yankuna don saurin mafarauta suna zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Mutum yana zaluntar dabba a wurarensa na asali - savannas, dajin hamada. Adadin ungulu waɗanda suke tushen tushen mai farautar yana raguwa.
Royal cheetah. Pesananan ratsi tare da baya suna sauƙaƙe gano wasu ƙananan Afirka da ake kira maye gurbin Rex. Manyan wuraren duhu suna haɗuwa tare a ɓangarorin dabba, suna ba da kwatancen kallon baƙon abu.
Baƙon launi ya haifar da takaddama tsakanin masana kimiyya game da wurin daɗaɗɗen daɗaɗen sarauta a cikin rabe-raben dabbobi. Bayyan yara masu ɗauke da kaya iri ɗaya yana da alaƙa da kwayar halitta mai raɗaɗi daga iyayen biyu, yana ba da canjin launi.
Cheetah a Afirka samu a cikin wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan maye gurbin waɗanda basu da ƙarancin sha'awa:
- fararen zabiya ko bakakken melanists - ba a iya ganin kyan ganiyar tabo;
- jan cheetahs - aibobi na jan launi mai zurfi kan asalin zinariya na ulu;
- launi mai launin rawaya mai haske da launuka ja mai yauki.
Tabbatattun inuw shadesyin ulu sun bayyana, wataƙila, a tsakanin mazaunan yankunan hamada don sake kamanni - maɓallin daidaitawa da kariya daga zafin rana yana aiki.
Cheetah ta Turai - nau'in dabbobin da suka mutu. An samo burbushin tarihi galibi a Faransa. An tabbatar da wanzuwar jinsunan ta hanyar zanen dutsen da aka samo a cikin kogon Shuve.
Nau'in Turawa ya fi girma da ƙarfi fiye da zamanin da cheetahs ta Afirka. Babban nauyin jiki, tsoffin tsokoki da aka ba su damar haɓaka saurin gudu fiye da na cheetahs waɗanda suka wanzu har zuwa yau.
Rayuwa da mazauni
A da can, dabbobin dawa sun mamaye mazaunan Tekun Asiya da rabin hamadar Afirka. Africanasashen Afirka daga Maroko zuwa Cape na Kyakkyawan Fata sun kasance nahiya. An rarraba kananan kasashen Asiya a Indiya, Pakistan, Israel, Iran. A yankin tsohuwar jamhuriyar Soviet, damisar ba wata dabba ba ce. A yau mai farauta yana gab da halaka.
Kashe mutane da yawa ya haifar da adana nau'ikan halittu, galibi a Algeria, Zambiya, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. A Asiya, ƙaramar ƙaramar jama'a ta rage. A cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, adadin cheetahs ya ragu daga mutane dubu 100 zuwa 10.
Masu farauta suna guje wa kauri, sun fi son wuraren buɗewa. Cheetah na dabbobi baya kasancewa daga masu shayarwa masu shayarwa, yana tafiyar da rayuwar kadaici. Ko da ma'aurata an kafa su don ɗan gajeren lokaci, bayan haka sai ya rabu.
Maza suna rayuwa su kadai, amma wani lokacin suna haɗuwa zuwa wani nau'in haɗin gwiwar mutane 2-3, wanda a ciki ma har dangantaka ke kulluwa. Mata suna rayuwa da kansu, idan ba su tsunduma cikin kiwon zuriya ba. Cheetahs ba su da rikicin cikin gida tsakanin ƙungiyoyi.
Manya suna iya jure kusancin wasu cheetahs, koda suna purr kuma suna lasar muzzles ɗin juna. Game da cheetah muna iya cewa wannan dabba ce mai son zaman lafiya tsakanin dangin ta.
Ba kamar yawancin masu farauta ba, farauta tana yin farauta ne kawai a rana, wanda ake bayanin ta yadda take samun abinci. Don neman abinci, yakan fita a lokacin sanyi safe ko yamma, amma kafin magariba. Yana da mahimmanci ga cheetah ta ga abin da ta ci, kuma kada ta ji kamar sauran dabbobi. Mai farauta ba safai yake farauta da daddare ba.
Damisa ba zata zauna cikin kwanton bauna na awoyi ba kuma ta nemi wanda aka yiwa fyaden. Ganin abin farautar, sai mai farautar ya riske shi da sauri. Hannun motsi da saurin motsa jiki sunada asali cikin dabbobi tsawon lokaci, lokacin da suke mallakan sararin budewa.
Mazauninsu ya haɓaka halayen haɓaka. Gudun gudu mai tsayi, tsalle tsalle na dabba, ikon canza yanayin motsi a saurin walƙiya don yaudarar wanda aka azabtar - gudu daga cheetah mara amfani. Ana iya masa wayo, tunda ƙarfin mai farauta bai isa ba na dogon gudu.
Yankin maza yanki ne na budewa, wanda yake masa alama da fitsari ko najasa. Saboda rashin fika, cheetah ba ta neman ciyawar da ba za ta iya hawa ba. Dabba na iya samun mafaka ne kawai a ƙarƙashin kurmi mai kaushi, rawanin ɗanɗano na itace. Girman makircin namiji ya dogara da yawan abinci, kuma makircin mace ya danganta da kasancewar zuriya.
Abokan gaba na cheetahs sune zakuna, kuraye, damisa, waɗanda ba kawai suna kwashe ganima ba, amma suna cin zuriyarsu. Mai cutar Cheetah m. Raunin da aka samu daga waɗanda aka kama sau da yawa yakan zama sanadin mutuwar mafarautan da kansu, saboda kawai yana iya samun abinci cikin ƙoshin lafiya. Dabba dabba.
Gina Jiki
Mafi yawan lokuta, dabbobin daji, barewa, barewa, barewa, impalas, tumakin da ke kan tudu suna kama farauta. Damisa ba ta ki yarda daga kurege, tsuntsaye. A kan farauta mai cin nasara, zai iya kayar da jimina, ɗan ƙaramar dabbar daji, da ɗan gandun daji.
Masu wuce gona da iri suna jan abincinsu zuwa kebantaccen wuri don kada abokan hamayyarsu ta ƙarfi kamar su kuraye da zakuna su tafi da su. Beastsananan dabbobi suna da babban fa'ida akan cheetah da aka raunana bayan farauta. Don murmurewa, yana buƙatar aƙalla rabin sa'a. Sabili da haka, dabbobi masu girma da wayo, ba tare da juriya ba, suna jan abincin rana kyauta.
Carrion cheetah baya cin abinci. Bayan cin abincin su, idan ba duk naman aka cinye ba, dabbobin ba zasu dawo ba, sun fi son sabon farauta. Ba sa yin kayayyaki. Cheetahs sun girgiza waɗanda aka cutar da bugu mai ƙarfi, sa'annan a shake su. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, farautar ta ƙare a nesa na mita 200-300. Idan har wanda aka azabtar ya sami damar tserewa, to mai farautar ya rasa sha'awar sa, sai ya daina bin sa.
Cheetah dan tseren gudu ne. Duk da manyan huhu, tsokoki masu tasowa, dabbar tana gajiya sosai lokacin da take bada ƙarfin kuzari yayin bi. Bai taba shiga cikin fadan ba, tunda duk wani rauni ba zai bar farauta daga baya ba. Rabin kawai daga cikin hare-haren farautar suna cin nasara.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Yayin kiwo, maza suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni na mutane 3-4 don cin nasarar sabbin yankuna tare da mata. Yawancin lokaci maza ne daga taro iri ɗaya. Ciki na mata yana zuwa kwanaki 95, ana haihuwar kittens 2-4. Jarirai kamar ba su da komai. Idanun suna buɗewa ne kawai bayan makonni 2.
Jawo daga cikin yaran ya zama shuɗi-shuɗi, dogo. Spotting ya bayyana daga baya. Adon jariri janbaki ne mai duhu, tassel a ƙarshen wutsiya. Zuwa watanni 4 wadannan alamun halayyar zasu bace. Wannan lokaci ne mai hatsari a rayuwar kyanwa, saboda suna da sauƙin ganima ga kowane mai farauta, har ma tsakanin tsuntsaye. Yayin rashi uwa, jariran suna nuna nutsuwa sosai, suna ɓoyewa a kogon.
Ciyar da madara na tsawon watanni 8, daga baya mace ta kawo dabbobin da suka ji rauni su farka da dabarun farauta. Har zuwa shekara guda, wani lokacin ƙari, yaran suna buƙatar kulawa. Namiji baya shiga cikin kula da zuriya.
A dabi'a, rayuwar cheetahs shekaru 15-25 ne. A gidajen zoo, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa - an ƙara tsawon rayuwa, amma babu haifuwa ta dabbobi. Kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki da kulawar likita basu isa su biya bukatun dabbobi ba.
Yana da mahimmanci a tsara fasalin yanayin yanayi, bayyanar da halaye na musamman game da su ta ɓangaren mutane.Cheetah a hoto - dabba mai ni'ima, amma ya fi ban sha'awa a kiyaye shi ba kawai a cikin hotuna ba, har ma a cikin yanayin yanayi.
