A zamanin da, a kan yankin Georgia na zamani, akwai taron mazaunan gida tare da tsuntsu mai ban mamaki. Amfani da shi ya ci gaba har zuwa yau. Yanzu pheasant - tsuntsu tamed, sananne a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya saboda gabatarwa, ko sake tsugunar da su. Amma sunansa, wanda aka gyara a cikin harsuna daban-daban, yana nuna asalin ƙasar - garin Phasis a bakin kogin. A Jojiya, tsuntsu mai haske dukiyar ƙasa ce.
Bayani da fasali
Caucasian mai farin ciki bisa ga rarrabuwa an hada shi a cikin tsarin kaza. Ya fi mutanen da ke tare da shi girma. Tsawon jiki yana da 90 cm, nauyi 1.7 - 2.0 kg. Mata ba su kai na maza ba.
Doguwar wutsiya. Fuka-fukan suna zagaye. Maza suna da makami da motsa jiki, koyaushe suna da haske mai haske. Yankunan da ke kusa da idanu da kunci na fata ne. Idan lokacin saduwa yayi, wadannan wuraren sun zama ja.
Namiji mai ban sha'awa
Launin na maza ya haɗa da launuka masu arziki, zanen kamar da mai zane ne ya ƙirƙira shi. Farin ciki a hoto kamar tsuntsun wuta mai sihiri. Babban sautin plumage jan launi ne. Kan shi shuɗi-kore ne. An kawata bayan kai da fuka-fukai tare da iyakar kore.
Da ke ƙasa akwai zane-zane mai launin shuɗi. Ya yi kama da sikeli mai haske a gaba. Wuya, kirji tare da murfin ƙarfe. Ciki yakan zama ruwan kasa. Legafafu, baki suna da launin toka-rawaya. Launin maza mai canzawa ne daga yankin wurin zama. Biyan kuɗi ya bambanta a cikin sifofin inuwa.
Kayan mata ya fi kyau - yanayi ya kiyaye su daga hankalin masu farauta, don haka damar haihuwar ya fi yawa. Yanayin da aka banbanta a bango mai launin shuɗi mai kama kamannin tsuntsaye a bayan ciyayi. Beak, ƙafafun mata suna da launin toka. Suna tsunduma cikin kiwo kyawawan tsuntsaye a cikin dabbobi na musamman, gonakin rake. Kimanin kasashe 50 sun sami fuka-fukai masu farauta don sauyawa zuwa yankunansu.
Irin
Babban bambance-bambance a cikin siffofin ƙasa ana bayyana a cikin girma da launi. Dukkan nau'ikan tsuntsayen da ke da kyawawan dabi'unsu sun kasu kashi biyu:
- na kowa (Caucasian) pheasants - ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan 32 waɗanda suka dace da kiwo na gida;
- kore (Jafananci) - ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan 5 na tsuntsayen manyan kayan ado, sananne a gidan zoo.
Dabbobin don kiba suna da ado sosai.
Maganar gama gari. A cikin bayyanar, fiye da wasu, rabe-raben suna kama da kaza. Babban bambanci tsakanin jinsunan shine jela mai tsayi. Nauyin mutum ya kai kilogiram 1.7. Launi yana da wadatuwa iri-iri, gami da kore, launin ruwan kasa, rawaya, jan ƙarfe, gashin tsuntsu. Mazauna kusa da ruwa a cikin gandun daji na bakin teku. Kuna iya haɗuwa da talakawa na gaba kusa da shinkafa, filayen masara, inda tsuntsun ya sami wadataccen abinci.
Magungunan mata gama gari mace da namiji
Farauta fara'a. Ana samun nau'o'in ta hanyar haɓaka yawancin ƙananan ƙananan. Launin plumage ya banbanta. Matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 1.5, ya dogara da yanayin tsarewar. Wannan mutumin ba ya rayuwa a cikin yanayinsa na yau da kullun. Daya daga cikin burin kiwo shine farautar wasanni.
Mafarautan farauta
Roman Romania. Ya banbanta cikin shudi mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi ko'ina cikin jiki. Babu iyaka a kan maƙogwaro. A kan kai akwai lankwasan ƙaramar fuka-fukai. A matasan da aka girma a cikin masana'antu yanayi. Ya sami shahara a cikin kiwo na gida.
Roman Romania
Farin cikin Transcaucasian. Lilin mai launin ja-ja da hadadden tsari na abin kwaikwayon, wanda ya kunshi aibobi da ratsi-ratsi. Green shugaban, ciki mai ruwan kasa. Mutanen da ke da abinci mai kyau sun kai nauyin kilogiram 3. Yanayin daidaiton kiyayewa, ciyarwa yana shafar yawan kiwo. Tsuntsayen kansu suna kula da matasa.
Nau'in jin daɗin kowa yana da yawa a cikin daji. Wakilan ado na asali sun rayu a ƙasashen Asiya, da yawa an fitar dasu don kiwo, dalilan baje koli.
Farin cikin Transcaucasian
Yariman sarki. Mazaunan yankunan tsaunuka a arewa maso gabashin China. Ana samun su a cikin kwazazzabai, kwaruruka na daɗaɗɗu da gandun daji masu rarrafe. Fuka-fukan daga nesa suna kama da sikeli na kifi, saboda suna iyaka da bakin baki-launin ruwan kasa. Akwai hular farin-dusar ƙanƙara mai haske a kan baƙar fata, baki baki yana ƙawata wuya. Ciki da kirjin ruwan kasa ne. A cikin mata, kayan sun fi dacewa - kayan ado mai launin ruwan kasa mai hade da baƙi.
Yariman sarki
Maganin lu'u-lu'u (Amherst). Tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi kyawu. Yana ba da ranta sosai don kiwo, ya jimre da sanyi, ba shi da wuya a kula. Haɗaɗɗiyar haɗuwa da launuka masu haske da farin kaho ya sa jinsin ya zama sananne. Bambancin gandun daji na lu'ulu'u ya bayyana a wajen kiwon kajin da iyayensu biyu.
Lu'u lu'u lu'u
Zinariyar zinariya. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, tsuntsun yana zaune ne kawai a China. Girman pheasant shine mafi ƙanƙanta tsakanin sauran nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa. Suna gudu da sauri, basa iya tashi. Namiji mai ban sha'awa yi masa ado da ƙyallen rawaya-ja. Lilin lemu a kai da wuya. Mata masu launin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa masu launuka iri-iri, ratsi-ratsi. Idanu da baki suna da tabon lemu.
Zinariyar zinariya
Arfin azurfa. Semi-daji iri-iri. Bred don dalilai na ado. Tsuntsu mai launi na musamman - baƙar fata da fari masu launin ado tare da jan ado a kai. Maza suna da kirji a kawunansu. Paunar mace brownish tare da zaitun tinge a plumage. Sake bugun yayi kyau. A cikin gonar, ana ba da kuɗin raƙuman raƙuman don lalata kwari, rigakafi mai ƙarfi. Zai iya nuna zalunci ga sauran tsuntsaye.
Mai azurfa
Dogon kunne mai dadi. Ba a furta dimphism na jima'i na wakilan ji. Tsarin musamman na jiki mai tsawan jiki, nauyi mai kauri, launi mai kauri, duwawun kunnuwa wanda ya wuce kai, wutsiya mai kama da wutsiya, yankin fata mai launin ja a kusa da idanu suna cikin mazaunan arewa maso gabashin Indiya, China, Tibet. Akwai fararen, shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa na kunnuwa masu kunnuwa. Farin dusar ƙanƙara shine mafi mashahuri.
Blue kunnuwa pheasants
Brown kunnuwa mai dadi
Kore (Jafananci) mai raɗaɗi. Endemic zuwa tsibirin Kyushu, Honshu, Shikoku. Tsuntsayen ƙasar Japan, suna yin tuno a kan takardun kuɗi, abubuwan tarihin al'adu. Girman koren pheasant ya fi ƙanƙanci ƙanƙanci, wanda yakai nauyin kilogram 1.2 kawai. Gwanin Emerald ya rufe kirji, bayan tsuntsu, mai shunayya - wuya. Marayu suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka a cikin ciyawa masu tsayi. Suna yawan ciyarwa a gonakin shayi, lambuna, filayen noma.
Koren farin ruwa
Rayuwa da mazauni
Maganar ta yadu sosai sakamakon gabatarwar tsuntsaye mai aiki da daidaitawar nasara. Wurin zama ya shafi yankuna daga Yankin Iberian zuwa Japan. A cikin Caucasus, Turkey, China, Vietnam, Primorsky Territory, Turai, Arewacin Amurka, haɗuwa da tsuntsaye da gida sun zama gama gari.
Tsuntsun ya zauna a yankunan da ke da saurin tsire-tsire tare da ciyayi - gandun daji, ciyawar ciyawa, ciyawar ciyawa, gefen filayen da aka shuka. Tungiyoyin ƙaya ne masu ban sha'awa musamman - a tsakanin su tsuntsayen suna jin kariya. Tugai, da bakin banki sune wuraren da aka fi so tsuntsaye masu haske.
Idan akwai matsala, basa tashi sama zuwa saman bishiyoyi, kamar sauran tsuntsaye, sai dai suyi karo da dazuzzuka da basa iya tafiya. Babban dabba ba zai hau cikin daji mai ƙayoyi ba. Abinda ake buƙata don sulhu shine kusancin tafki, saboda haka ana iya samun tsuntsaye sau da yawa a kusa da tabkuna, yankuna masu dausayi, a cikin kwari. Sanyin sanyi, pheasants suna iya jure damuna idan murfin dusar ƙanƙara bai wuce cm 18-20 ba. A cikin yankuna masu tsaunuka, tsuntsaye suna zama a tsawan da ya kai 2500 m sama da matakin teku.
Jafananci mace mai farin ciki
Dole ne mai filayen haske ya ɓoye koyaushe a cikin daskararrun, don kar ya zama ganima ga masu farauta. Wasu nau'ikan suna ɓoye a cikin bishiyoyi, suna hutawa tsakanin ganye. Suna hawa sama lokacin da basu sami abinci a ƙasa ba cikin yanayin sanyi. A kan rassan, suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itacen da aka kiyaye.
Pheasants suna taka-tsantsan yayin saukowa ƙasa. Suna yin shi da sauri, a cikin jifa, da sauri canza kusurwar motsi, ɓoye a cikin kaurin. Gudun tafiyar pheasants rikodin ne idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran wakilai masu kama da kaza. Don hanzartawa, tsuntsayen a hankali suna miƙa kai, suna ɗaga jelarsa.
Mai farin ciki yana da abokan gaba da yawa. Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, kyanwa, lynxes, cougars, karnukan daji ke farautar tsuntsaye. Masu farauta kamar su gaggafa da ungulu suma abokan gaba ne na dabbobi. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, har zuwa 80% na mutane sun zama abinci ga sauran mazaunan gandun daji.
Babban haɗarin yana fitowa daga mutane. Pheasant ya daɗe da zama abin farauta na kasuwanci da wasanni. Karnuka da aka horar da su na musamman suna taimakawa, waɗanda ke tuƙin wasan a kan rassan bishiyoyi, kuma yayin tashi sama, mafarauta suna harbi tsuntsaye. Girman yanayi yana da tasiri sosai ta yanayin. Asarar tsuntsaye abune wanda ba makawa a lokacin sanyi mai tsananin dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi.
Jama'a masu jin daɗi suna murmurewa sosai. Kiwon tsuntsaye na cikin gida, adana su a cikin wuraren noman, a cikin wuraren kariya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Gabaɗaya, yawan mutane ba ya haifar da damuwa.
Fireback mai farin ciki
Pheasants suna karatun tsuntsayen da ke ajiye a manyan ƙungiyoyin da ba na jinsi ba a wajen lokacin kiwo. Lokacin aiki don neman abinci safe da yamma. Tsuntsayen sun yi tsit, ana iya jin sautin a cikin tashi. Yana da tsauri, staccato sauti ana ji daga nesa. Tsuntsaye suna fitar da sigina na musamman yayin lacca.
Talakawa farin ciki, tsuntsayen ƙaura ko a'a, halin yanki na zama. Yanayin zama na yau da kullun yana tattare da yawancin mazaunan yankuna tare da wadataccen abinci. Lokacin ƙaura don ƙananan tazara yana farawa bayan ƙyanƙyasar kajin. Bayan haka, don neman abinci, ana iya samun tsuntsaye a wurare daban-daban.
Gina Jiki
Bird na dangi mai farin ciki omnivorous. Abincin shine abincin abincin shuke-shuke, amma abun ya hada har da kayan dabbobi: tsutsotsi, gizo-gizo, beraye, katantanwa, mollusks. Yaran da aka haifa har zuwa wata daya da haihuwa suna karbar abincin dabbobi ne kawai daga iyayensu.
Fiye da tsire-tsire ɗari suna da ban sha'awa. Tsaba, berries, matasa harbe, 'ya'yan itatuwa zama abinci. Tsuntsayen suna samun abinci ta wurin yayyaga ƙasa da farcensu. Suna tsalle, suna tashi kaɗan don tattara 'ya'yan itace a cikin dogayen daji da bishiyoyi. A cikin gidaje, pheasants ba su da ma'ana a cikin abincin su.
Mafi kyawun abinci shine sharar abinci (ba tare da alamun lalacewa ba), ganye (plantain, dandelion). Tsuntsaye suna jin daɗin haɗuwa da hatsi, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa,' ya'yan itace. Dole ne a kiyaye kyawawan layu tare da abubuwan kara ma'adinai (lemun tsami, alli, murƙusassun bawo). Kuna iya kunna aikin gabobin narkewa ta hanyar ƙara yashi kogi mai tsabta, ƙananan pebbles.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin dindindin don pheasants yana farawa ne daga bazara. Maza maza sun dawo da maƙarƙashiya don saduwa, kira ga mata. Kariyar ƙasarsu na faruwa ne ta hanyar faɗa, a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na abokan hamayya. Mata suna haɗuwa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, daga abin da namiji ya zaɓi biyu.
Gida mai dadi tare da kwai
Rawa ta hanyar jima'i tana bayyana a cikin yawan fuka fuka-fukai, sassauta ƙasa, zubar da tsaba, ihu, da rawar muryar. Yankunan da ba a so ba a kan kan namiji sun zama ja. Yana zagayawa cikin zaɓaɓɓen, yana rairayi, yana jan hankali.
Mata suna tsunduma cikin ginin gida. Yawanci galibi yana kan ƙasa tsakanin bishiyoyin ƙaya, a cikin ciyawa mai dausayi. Ana ajiye ƙwai madadin, sau ɗaya a rana, ƙwai 8-12 kawai. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 22-25. Mace da wuya ta bar gida don cika ƙarfinta, nauyinta a wannan lokacin ya ragu da rabi. Namiji baya taimakawa wajen kula da zuriya. Idan mai lalata ya lalata kamarsa, to mace ta sake yin ƙwai, kusa da kaka.
Yaran da aka kyankyashe suna bin mahaifiyarsu cikin awanni biyu. Bayan makonni 2 suna shirye su tashi, amma suna buƙatar kulawa har zuwa watanni 2.5-3. Lokacin da suka kai watanni 7-8 suna shirye su zama iyaye.
Kaji mai dadi
Rayuwar pheasants a yanayi gajere ce, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau yana ɗaukar shekaru 6-7. A cikin bauta, inda babu wata barazana daga masu farauta, mafarauta, tsuntsaye suna rayuwa kusan shekaru 15. Godiya ga haifuwa mai aiki, pheasants sun wanzu daga tsufa har zuwa yau. An fahimci kyawawan tsuntsaye a duk faɗin duniya.
