Saker Falcon shine kaɗai mai iya kamo barewa. Sauran tsuntsayen wannan umarni, lokacin da suke ƙoƙari su farma babban wasa, suka karya ƙashin baya. Motsin wannan mafarautan mai martaba yana da sauri kuma an goge shi, amma ba azumin walƙiya kamar na danginsa ba, wanda ke ba da ƙarin damar jan hankali. Ya kasance kyakkyawa, kyakkyawa kuma yana da haɗari sosai a farautar.
Bayani da fasali
Daga cikin nau'ikan sautunan plumage, launin toka mai haske a ƙasa da launin ruwan kasa-ja a sama suna nasara. Matasa da tsofaffi Saker Falcons suna da launi a launuka masu haske. A kan kafadu da fikafikan akwai launuka masu launin ocher masu launuka masu tsawo.
Kakin zuma, yatsun hannu da zoben da ba a san su ba a kusa da idanun ƙananan dabbobi suna da launin toka da launin shuɗi. Arfi, lanƙwasa baki mai launi iri ɗaya, baƙar fata a ƙarshen. Yayin da Saker Falcon ya girma, launi a cikin waɗannan yankuna, ban da baki, ya zama rawaya.
Tsuntsaye suna mallakar kayan dindindin na ƙarshe bayan cikakken narkakken farko, wanda ke faruwa a shekara guda da rabi. Yana farawa a watan Mayu kuma yana ɗaukar watanni 5. Fikafikan yana da cm 37-42, wutsiya kuwa ta cm 24. Tsawan jikin ya ɗan fi rabin mita kaɗan. Balaban hoto ba ya bambanta da haske, amma bayyanar tana da tsauri da kyau.
Girman yana ƙasa da gyrfalcon. A cikin gudu, ya bambanta da fallen a cikin babban girman jelar, fika-fukai. Mata suna da nauyin kilo 1.3, maza 1 kilogiram. Tsuntsu don nauyin sa da girman sa mai kyau wani lokaci ana kiran shi mikiya zinariya balaban... Amma wannan ba gaskiya bane. Mikiya ta fi girma a ƙungiyar falcon, sai dai masu shara. Nauyinsa ya ninka Saker Falcon sau huɗu. Ya bambanta da peregrine falcon in babu ratsi mai duhu yana gudana tare da wuya.
Yayin jirgin, rawanin ba shi da yawa. Tsuntsayen suna yin sama sama da dogon lokaci tare da taimakon rafuka masu wucewa. Maza sun banbanta da mata a cikin ƙananan girma, labulen iri ɗaya ne. Yayin wasannin dabarun haduwa, haɗari, Saker Falcon yana fitar da sautuna daban-daban har ma da ƙarancin haske. Asali mawuyacin yanayi ne na "hacking", "heck" da "boo".
Irin
Akwai balabans iri shida, sun bambanta a wuraren sasantawa da labule:
- Siberian saker falcon
Hannun rawaya-rufous na launin baya mai launin baya suna yin sandar igiyoyi. Kai ma launin ruwan kasa ne, amma yana da haske ta wasu sautuka, wanda aka kawata shi da duhun duhu. Ciki fari ne da rawaya. Sidesangarorin, labulen ƙafafun suna da haske tare da tsari mai bayyana rauni.
Yana zaune a yankunan tsaunuka na Siberiya ta Tsakiya.
- Saker falcon
Jiki na sama launin ruwan kasa ne Fuka-fukai a gefuna suna ocher masu launi. An bambanta kan ta da sautin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka mai launin baƙaƙen fata. A wuya balaban gama gari abin da ake kira da gashin baki a bayyane yake a bayyane. A cikin farin ciki akwai diga-dige masu ɗigon hawaye masu duhu. Arkashin jela, a tarnaƙi, plumage ɗin monochromatic ne.
Ana samun yawan a kudu maso yammacin Siberia, Kazakhstan.
- Turkestan Saker Falcon
Ya bambanta da nau'ikan da suka gabata, launin Sunta Falcon na Turkestan, wanda ke zaune a yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya, ya fi na wasu sautuka masu dausayi. Kan mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ya shiga cikin launin ruwan toka mai launin toka-baya da wutsiya tare da alamu masu juyewa a bayyane.
- Mongoliya Saker Falcon
Shugaban haske ya fita dabam da bangon baya mai launin ruwan kasa tare da sandunan igiyoyi. "Pants" da gefunan an kawata su da sifofin ratsiyoyi masu duhu da tabo. Saker Falcon dan Mongoliya na zaune ne a Transbaikalia, Mongolia.
- Altai Saker Falcon
A cikin girma, wakilan jinsin suna kama da balaban talakawa, babba ɗaya. Kan yana da duhu, launin jiki launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da ruwan toka a yankin lumbar. Akwai raƙuman raƙuman raƙumma a kan layin ƙafafu da gefuna. Yankin rarrabawar ya hada da yankunan tsaunuka na Altai da Sayan a yankin tsakiyar Asiya.
- Aralokaspian saker falcon
Yana zaune a Yammacin Kazakhstan a Yankin Mangyshlak, ya yi fice tare da haske, baya mai duhu tare da sandar sandar haske. Layin yana da launin toka, kuma an yi '' wando '' da gefuna ado da ratsin duhu a tsaye.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ana samun Saker Falcon a duk Tsakiya da Asiaananan Asiya, Armenia, Kudancin Siberia, Kazakhstan. Ba a taɓa ganin mutane kalilan a Hungary da Romania ba. An zabi wurare don ƙauyuka a buɗe tare da dutsen da ke kusa ko gefunan gandun daji.
Tsuntsaye na tsaunuka suna yawo a tsaye, waɗanda ke ƙasa sun tashi zuwa gabar Bahar Rum, zuwa China, Indiya. Kadan ne kungiyoyin da ake gani koda a kasashen Habasha da Masar. Saker Falcons na yankunan kudu sun daidaita. Tare da rashin wurare don yin gida, tsuntsaye suna gina su a kan goyan bayan layukan masu ƙarfin lantarki, gadojin jirgin ƙasa.
Suna son zama tsakanin masu son shiga tsakani, amma har yanzu masana kimiyya basuyi nazarin fa'idodin zama tare ba. Ya kamata mahaukata su faɗakar da fallon zuwa haɗari.
Saker Falcon ya fara farauta da sassafe ko maraice, yana zaune a saman bishiyar da take kaɗaici, kolo-kolo, ko kuma hawa sama a kan matakalar tarko. Bayan ganin abu mai dacewa, sai ya rame akan wanda aka yiwa rauni a cikin jirgin. Nutsewa ƙasa cikin hanzari ko kama farauta a cikin jirgin a kwance.
A yanzu haka, ba a jin sautin a kusa. Dukan halittu suna ɓoye a cikin mafaka, suna jiran haɗari. Saker Falcon yana iya yin sauri kawai don farauta, amma kuma ya bi shi kamar shaho a cikin buɗaɗɗen fili ko daji. Saboda haka, farauta koyaushe tana cin nasara.
Auke ganima tare da farata, falkin ya ɗauke shi zuwa busasshe, wuri mai tsayi, inda zai fara cin abincinsa. Zafin rana yana jiran bishiya a inuwar rawanin. Da fitowar magariba, sai ya tashi da dare.
Filin farautar kowane ma'aurata ya fadada kilomita 20 daga gida. Gaskiyar cewa Saker Falcon ba ya samun nama kusa da mazaunin ana amfani da ƙananan tsuntsaye. Suna zaune suna hayayyafa cikin lumana a cikin unguwa, suna jin ana kiyaye su. Falwararrun falcon sun faɗi cewa ana iya horar da Saker Falcon don farautar hannu cikin makonni biyu.
Da farko dai mai shi yana kulla ƙawancen da ba shi ganuwa da tsuntsu. Don yin wannan, suna riƙe ta hannu sau da yawa sosai, suna kula da ita da nama. Horo mai daɗi yana farawa yayin taron samari. Skillswarewar farauta da ƙwarewa za su haɓaka tare da su.
Don farautar wasanni, suna ɗaukar kajin gida daga gida ko fledan cirayi. Kadan ne zasu iya bama balaban baligi. Suna koyar da yadda ake kama farauta ba kawai daga hannu ba, har ma daga jirgin. A yanayi na biyu, ana zaton kasancewar karnukan farauta. An horar da shi don wani nau'in ganima. Zai iya zama tsuntsu ko dabbar daji.
Gina Jiki
Jerin abubuwan farauta balaban falcon masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sunyi nazari ta wurin ragowar abinci a wuraren nest, pellets. Ya zama cewa ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin farkon fifiko ga tsuntsaye:
- launin toka-toka da ja a ƙasa;
- mice beraye;
- hamsters;
- jerboas;
- matasa hares.
Baya ga cin beraye masu lalata amfanin gona, Saker Falcons suna cin kadangaru, yawancin nau'ikan ƙanana da matsakaita. Giwa tana kama abin farauta a gudu ko daga ƙasa.
Abincin ya ƙunshi tsuntsayen dangi:
- kamar kurciya (kurciya, kurciya);
- maɗaukaki (jackdaw, jay, rook, magpie);
- duck (curlew, mallard, duck);
- baƙar fata;
- mai dadi (jaka).
Daga cikin mafi girma, geese, bustards, heron, little bustards ana kama su a cikin farcen balaban. Lokacin ciyar da zuriyar yana dauke ne da samar da kananan kananan larks da yawa, beraye, wadanda iyayen suka karba daga kilomita 5-15 daga gidan shurin.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balaga da jima'i, ikon kula da zuriya saker falcon acquires da shekara. Ana kafa nau'i-nau'i ne kawai a lokacin saduwa, sauran lokutan, mutane suna rayuwa nesa da juna. Daga ƙarshen Maris, sun fara neman gida gida waɗanda suke a cikin ramuka na halitta a kan duwatsu masu tsayi.
Saker Falcons, wanda ya fi son steppe-steppe, ya ɗauki gida don kajin nan gaba daga masu buzaye, hankaka, kites, wani lokaci mikiya, bayan sun ɗan gyara su.
Mace na tsawon wata guda tana jan kwai uku zuwa biyar tare da manyan ɓaɓɓan duhu da aka sanya a watan Afrilu. Samun nasarar kaji ya dogara da kokarin namiji. Dole ne ya kula da budurwarsa, ya ciyar da shi sau biyu a rana, wani lokacin maimakon haka. Idan, saboda wasu dalilai, Saker Falcon ya bar aikinsa, za a yi watsi da gida.
An rufe kajin da aka kyankyashe da farin fari. Paws, baki da kuma yankin ido launin toka-shuɗi ne. Iyaye suna ciyar da zuriyar tare da ƙananan tsuntsaye da beraye tsawon wata ɗaya da rabi, har sai tsintsiyar ta hau kan fikafikan. Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun kirga cewa a lokacin da suke cikin gida gida, kaji daya na cin nama har zuwa kilogiram biyar.
Iyaye ba sa koya wa ƙananan dabbobi farauta, suna da waɗannan ƙwarewar a matakin ilhami. An yi imanin cewa manya ba sa farautar farauta a kusa da wuraren sheƙatawa don ƙirƙirar tanadin abinci ga gan tsaran a karon farko. Kaji suna tashi daga cikin gida wata biyu, suna fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Saker Falcons suna ƙirƙirar ma'aurata ɗaya tsawon shekaru, ana ƙyanƙyashe zuriya sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu. Suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 20. Wasu daga cikin masu shekaru ɗari ɗari sun tsallake alamar shekaru 28.Saker Falcon a cikin Littafin Ja RF na cikin barazanar bacewa.
Kaji wani nau'in nau'in tsuntsayen da ake kira Saker Falcon har yanzu masu kamawa suna kama shi kuma suna haɓaka shi don falconry. Lalacewar gurbi, yanayi mai gamsarwa na muhalli, rage wuraren zama kyauta daga mutane, ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an haɗa tsuntsayen a Rataye 2 na yarjejeniyar Bonn da Vienna, an dakatar da shi don cinikin ƙasa da ƙasa azaman nau'in haɗari.
A cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata, adadin Saker Falcons a Rasha ya ragu da rabi. Yawan mutanen ya ɓace gaba ɗaya a Poland, Austria. Baƙon da ba a saba gani ba tsuntsu ne a Tsibirin Balkan.
Ci gaban lambobi yana iyakance raguwar babban abincinsu - marmots. Marten ya fasa gidajan. A kowace shekara, ana tsare kimanin mafarauta dari biyu a ofisoshin kwastan na Rasha da Kazakhstan, suna kokarin safarar Saker Falcons zuwa kasashen waje don sake sayar da su ga masu kutsawar Larabawa.
A cikin Altai, babu wadatattun wuraren shakatawa na halittu a gaban yankunan mulkin marmot. Masu rajin kare hakkin dabbobi na kokarin ko ta yaya don kara adadin tsuntsayen da ke cikin hatsari. Ana gina wuraren yin ɗakunan roba na wucin gadi, kuma ana saka nestlings a cikin wuraren nursing zuwa tsuntsayen daji.
Suna bin diddigin balagarsu kuma suna ciyar dasu idan ya zama dole.Ta hanyar dokokin aiki da kuma kokarin mutane masu kulawa ne kawai zai yuwu a iya adana wasu nau'ikan jinsin kyawawan tsuntsaye masu girman kai - Saker Falcon
