Tsuntsu mai ma'ana yana al'ajabin girma da tsananin bayyanar. Yawancin mazaunan gandun daji suna tsoron mujiya. Hakanan mutumin ya baiwa maigidan da manyan masu karfi - a cikin tatsuniyoyi, suna nuna ikon duhu. Dalilin asirin ya ta'allaka ne da tsayayyen idanun ɗan fashin dare, ƙarancin damar da maharbi yake da fuka-fukai.
Bayani da fasali
Mujiya - tsuntsu, mai alaƙa da dangin mujiya. Manya suna da tsayin 70-75 cm, nauyin maharbin shine 3-4 kg. Girman fikafikan ya kai kimanin mita 1.5-1.9. An lura cewa a cikin yankunan kudu na kewayon girman mujiya ya fi ƙanƙanta da na tsuntsayen da ke zaune a arewa.
Siffar jikin tsuntsu tana kama da ganga, sakakkiyar plumage tana ba da halayyar halayya. An zagaye wutsiya a ƙarshen. Legsafafu masu ƙarfi galibi ana rufe su da fuka-fukai, amma ba kowane irin mujiya ya bambanta da wannan ba. Theafafun ƙafafun suna da kwari sosai kuma manyan makamai ne na mai farauta.
An kawata babban kai da fuka-fukan da ba a saba dasu ba. Halin "kunnuwa" halayyar duk mujiya ne, amma ba gabobin ji bane. Shortan gajeren baki an sanye shi da ƙugiya. Tsarin musamman na mahaifa da jijiyoyin jini yana bawa tsuntsu juya kansa 200 °. Iko mai ban mamaki yana taimaka wa mai farauta don sa ido akan duk abin da ke kewaye.
Kuna iya bambanta mujiya daga yawancin mujiya ta gaban gashin tsuntsu "kunnuwa"
Manyan idanu koyaushe suna da launi mai launi - lemu, ja. Rashin bayyanawa, hangen nesa, da fadakarwa dare da rana. Tsuntsayen suna ganin kewaye da su baki da fari. Palibin, mai matukar kulawa da hasken haske, yana canzawa koyaushe a cikin girma yayin da mujiya ke motsawa.
Mai farauta yana gani daidai lokacin magariba. Da daddare, mujiya tana lilo saboda tsananin jin da take yi, tana ɗaukar sautuna da rustles masu mahimmanci ga mafarautan.
Launin maigidan yana cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa mai hayaki, tare da jujjuyawar ƙaramin ɗigon ruwa, kamar ana saukar da su da dusar ƙyallen ruwa. A kan kirjin mujiya akwai alamun baki, cikin yana cikin rawanin kwance. Kayan mai farauta yana da canzawa a sassa daban-daban na kewayon.Mujiya ya dace sosai da tsarin halittu daban-daban, inda yake samun tushen abinci, makwancin gida. Wani lokacin tsuntsun yakan kusanci wuraren zama.
Muryar Owl low, abin tunawa. Ana jin halayyar halayyar nesa da nisan kilomita 2-4. Ana iya jin wasan kwaikwayo na wani nau'ikan littattafai yayin lokacin saduwa cikin awanni kafin wayewar gari. Sauti yayi kama da nishi, kuka, kururuwa, tari. An nuna damuwa ta hanyar "dariya" mai kuzari. Muryoyin wasu mujiyoyi suna kama da na mutane.
Saurari muryar mujiya ta talaka
A dabi'a, tsuntsaye masu alfahari ba su da abokan gaba. Kajin kawai da aka bari ba tare da wani ɗan lokaci ba suna fuskantar barazanar. Dawakai da kerkeci suna satar kajin daga gida. Mujiyoyi na Mikiya sun mutu da wuri lokacin da suka taɓa layukan wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi tare da fikafikansu; tsuntsayen suna mutuwa ne daga gubar da ƙurarara daga filayen da aka shuka suke. Tsuntsaye sun zama wadanda ke fama da mafarauta.
Irin
Dogaro da yankin, ƙayyadaddun abinci mai gina jiki, nau'ikan 19 sun bambanta, jinsin daban na mujiya na kifi, kodayake masana kimiyyar halittu sun ba da shawarar cewa a gano jinsin na kowa.Mujiya kifi mamaye wuri na musamman a cikin tsarin sarauta. Bambanci tsakanin jinsin halitta shine a cikin abinci, wanda ya kunshi kananan kwayoyin, kifin kogi.
Manyan tsuntsaye tsayin su 70 cm, nauyin su yakai 3-4. Launi mafi sau da yawa launin ruwan kasa ne tare da ɗigon baki. Alamar haske suna nan kan makogwaro, bayan kai. Yatsun kafafu babu takalmi, tare da tafin kafa don a tallafawa wanda aka azabtar.
Saurari muryar mujiya kifi
Mafarauta suna farautar zama a kan manyan bankunan, bishiyoyi rataye akan ruwa. Suna hanzarta gudu bayan farautar ganima, suna huda jikin wanda aka azabtar da farcen. A cikin ruwa mara zurfi zasu iya yawo don neman kifin kifin, kwadi, ƙananan kifi. Mazauna mujiya a arewa maso yamma Manchuria, China, Japan, Rasha. Gano idan kifi mujiya a cikin Red Book ko a'a, bai cancanci hakan ba - jinsi ne mai mutuwa.
Mujiya. Babban tsuntsu mai launi ja, wanda ke canzawa dangane da wurin kewayonsa. A cikin Turai, Japan, China, lamuran ya yi duhu zuwa baƙi, a Asiya ta Tsakiya, Siberia - launin toka mai launin ja. Yatsun kafafu masu fuka-fukai masu yawa. A cikin mummunan lokaci, mujiya tana yin nasara musamman a cikin neman ganima.
Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a Turai, Asiya, a yankunan arewacin Afirka. Rabon mujiya fa'ida yana da fadi da ban mamaki - kusan nau'in tsuntsaye ne 300 kawai. Rodents, lagomorphs, kuliyoyi da karnuka suma sun faɗa cikin ƙafafun babban tsuntsu.
Mujiya mikiya babban tsuntsu ne mai girman gaske wanda zai iya farautar farauta da kuliyoyi
Mujiya na Bengal. Tsuntsun yana da matsakaiciyar girma Nauyin mai farautar ƙarami ne, yana da kilogiram 1, tsawonsa ya kai kimanin cm 55. An yi ado da tufafi masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin toka-dige iri-iri. Idanuwan lemo-ja suna da ma'ana sosai. Suna zaune ne a cikin duwatsu masu ban sha'awa na Indiya, Pakistan, Burma - har zuwa tudun Himalayas.
Bayyancin mujiya a wuraren zama, a saman rufin gidaje kusan ya rasa rayukansu. Sun zama jarumai na camfi, waɗanda maƙwabtan marasa kyau suka hallakar da su sosai. Yanzu sabis na muhalli da yawa suna kiyaye mujiya ta mikiya.
Afirka (hange) gaggafa. Karamin wakilin dangi, nauyin babban tsuntsu shine 500-800 g, jiki yana da kusan tsawon cm 45, zakin ungulu mikiya ja-kasa-kasa tare da fararen fata, wadanda suka hadu a wuri daya gaba daya. Idanun rawaya ne, wani lokacin kuma da ruwan lemo mai haske. A cikin kasashen Afirka, mujiya mai daddawa tana zaune a cikin savannas, dajin hamada. Mai farautar ya zama gama gari, lambobin ba firgita bane.
Gray (Abisiniya) mujiya. Tsuntsu yana da kama da girman dangin Afirka. Babban fasalin mai farautar shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu na idanu, wanda kusan kusan baƙi ne. Lumbin yana da hayaƙi mai launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a yankunan kudu na Hamadar Sahara.
Mujiya na Nepalese Girman tsuntsun matsakaici ne. Launin layin da ke jikin gadon baya yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ciki da kirji launin ruwan kasa ne masu launin fari da fari. Mazauna yankin suna ɗaukar tsuntsaye a matsayin halittu na shaidan saboda muryar da basu saba gani ba, mai tuno da maganar mutum.
Abincin masu farauta shine yasa suke afkawa manyan dabbobi domin su - saka idanu akan kadangaru, diloli. Wuraren da aka fi so - gandun dajin Indochina, Himalayas.
Saurari muryar mujiya ta Nepalese
Mujiya mikiya. Sunan suna iri ɗaya don ƙasar Amurka wacce aka gano maharbin. Manyan tsuntsaye masu launuka iri-iri - baƙar fata, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka mai duhu. Sun saba da kyau a cikin gandun daji, steppes, hamada, da kuma a cikin birane. An zauna a ko'ina cikin Amurka, ban da yankuna na arewa, yawan jama'ar yana da yawa.
Mujiya na Coromandel. Ya bambanta a cikin kunnuwan gashin tsuntsu, kusa sosai. Abubuwan da ke tattare da mai farauta ya bayyana a cikin farauta da rana. Tsuntsayen sun sauka kusa da ruwa, a cikin dausayi, gandun daji na kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Yankin mujiya na gaggafa yana da alaƙa da wurare daban-daban daga arewacin taiga zuwa yankunan hamada. Yakamata a samar da mazaunin mafarautan da tushen abinci, kebabbun wuraren yin gida. Sau da yawa ana ganin tsuntsaye a kan gangaren tsaunuka waɗanda ke cike da ciyayi, a wurare da wadatattun ramuka da tsaunuka.
Mujiya na gaggafa ya saba da gansakuka, dattin daji, wuraren da aka kone, sharewa. Tsuntsayen suna guje wa dazuzzuka masu yawa, suna zama a wasu yankuna marasa kan gado, a gefen dazuzzuka. Territasashen da ba su da bishiyoyi ne ke jawo hankalin mai farautar, idan akwai abin farauta, beraye, da sauran abubuwa na abincin mujiya a shafukan.
Tsuntsaye ba su da tsoron mutane, mafarauta suna bayyana a wuraren shakatawa da gonaki. Yawan jama'a ya kai kusan nau'i-nau'i owls 46 a 100 sq. Km.Mujiya - tsuntsun hunturujagorancin rayuwa. Wasu jinsunan da ke zaune a yankunan arewa suna barin gidajen su na zama a lokacin sanyi kuma su tashi kudu don neman abinci.
Mujiya ba dare ba ce
Ayyukan mujiya na gaggafa na mafi yawan nau'ikan suna ƙaruwa da dare. Da rana, suna zuwa neman ganima galibi a cikin gajimare, da yamma. Hanyoyin farautar masu farauta a wurare daban-daban kusan iri ɗaya ne, ban da mujiya da na mujiya.
Da rana, mujiya na polar suna kallon abincinsu daga tsaunuka - suna zaune a kan rassan, gangaren dutse, raƙuman dutse. Da dare, sau da yawa sukan bi abin farauta a cikin jirgin, suna shawagi a kan wanda aka azabtar kamar kestrel.
Yayin farauta, mujiya kifayen suna tsayawa a bakin kogin kogi ko tafiya cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Ba kamar masu haɗuwa ba, galibi suna motsawa tare da ƙasa, suna barin dukkanin alamun alamun ƙafafun ƙafafu. Suna nutsewa don kifi, su fizge shi daga ruwa, kuma kawai suna nutsar da kansu kawai a cikin tafkin.
Nau'ikan gaggafa da yawa suna kaɗawa don neman abin farauta, suna neman abin da za a bi su. Tare da saurin jefawa, tsuntsun ya kamo wanda aka azabtar, ya daka fika, ba tare da wata damar sakin ba. Masu farauta suna cinye ƙananan ganima gaba ɗaya, yayin da manyan ganima suka tsage gida da bakinsu, kuma suka haɗiye da fata.
Gina Jiki
Mujiya Mikiya tsuntsu ne mai yin farauta, a cikin abincinsu wadanda ke da matsakaitan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsayen rarraba mutane. Wannan lamarin yana baka damar saba da tsarin halittu, yana rage dogaro da mai farautar akan nau'ikan abinci, kuma baya shafar adadin dabbobi marasa yawa. Mujiya babba na buƙatar 200-400 g nama a kowace rana. A lokacin sanyi, yawan abinci yana ƙaruwa, a lokacin bazara yana raguwa. Abincin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ganima iri-iri daga
- rodents: hamsters, mice, jerboas, ƙasa squirrels, squirrels;
- dabbobi masu shayarwa: martens, badgers, barewa, bushiya, awaki;
- tsuntsaye: masu saran bishiyoyi, agwagwa, hankaka, marassa karfi, jaka;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe: kadangaru, kunkuru;
- kwari: fara, kasar beetles, gizo-gizo;
- kifi, kayan kwasfa.
Owls ba abin kunya ba ne game da abin da wasu mutane ke kama, suna satar kama daga tarkuna. Sun fi son sauƙin ganima. Mujiya gaggafa ta Afirka ta Yamma tana ciyar da ƙwaro, kyankyaso, crickets saboda rauni ƙafafu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Owls suna kula da alaƙar auren mata biyu. Awance masu ƙarfi ba sa karye ko da bayan ƙarshen lokacin auratayya. Ana gudanar da al'adun jan hankalin abokin tarayya kowace shekara kamar yadda a karon farko. Na farko, hoot mai gayyata, jan hankalin ma'aurata, sa'annan bakunan bikin, ciyarwa, sumbanta da baki.
Tsuntsaye suna shirya gida gida a tsofaffin ramuka, suna kama baƙi, wani lokacin sukan yi ƙaramin rami a ƙasa a keɓantaccen wuri. Ana ajiye ƙwai a tsakanin ta kwanaki 2-4. Adadin kwai a cikin nau'ikan daban daban: mujiya mikiya ta Malay tana da kwai daya tak, kuma mujiya na polar tana da kwai har guda 15. Inubub yana ɗaukar kwanaki 32-35, mata masu ɗaukar hoto ne kawai. Mujiya na gaggafa tana kula da abincin mijinta.
Owlets na ƙyanƙyashewa a hankali yayin da suke kwan ƙwai. Kaji na shekaru daban-daban da masu girma dabam sun hallara a cikin gida. Jarirai suna haihuwar makaho, masu nauyin 60 g, an rufe jikinsu da fluff mai haske. Kaji na gani a rana ta 4, bayan kwana 20 an rufe su da kyawawan gashinsa.
Mujiya suna shirya gida gida a cikin ramuka da raƙuman bishiyoyi
Na farko, mace ba ta rabuwa da 'ya'yan, sannan ta bar gida don neman abinci ga samari marasa jin daɗi. Wani fasalin cigaban zuriya shine bayyanar kainism, watau kashe masu rauni ta karfi kaza. Zabin yanayi yana kiyaye tsuntsaye masu ƙarfi a shirye don haihuwa cikin shekaru 2-3.
Bincike a waje da gida yana farawa ne kimanin shekara ɗaya da haihuwa. An maye gurbin flan jirgi na farko da gajeren jirage, sannan tsuntsayen suka sami ƙarfi, suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta na kimanin shekaru 20 a cikin yanayi, ninki biyu na ƙangin bauta.
Mujiya a cikin hoto yana ba mutane mamaki tare da bayyana kamanninta, kwatankwacin kamannin mai farauta. Ganawa da tsuntsu yana ba da sha'awar maɗaukakin mazaunin duniyarmu.
