Deer deer, wanda sunansa bisa ga almara ya fito ne daga idanun launin ruwan kasa, sune ɗayan tsofaffin wakilan dangin barewar. Wani bincike da aka yi akan ragowar da aka samo yayin tono kayan tarihi ya tabbatar da kasancewar dabbobi masu alaƙa da su fiye da shekaru miliyan 40 da suka gabata.
Bayani da fasali
Roe deer dabba ce karami mai girma, mai dadi kuma mai kyau tare da dogon wuya, mai lankwasa mai kyau, gajerun kafafu, yana kare da kofato masu kaifi. Matsakaicin tsayi a ƙeƙasasshe shi ne cm 80, tsayin jiki yana da mita 1-1.4. Mulos ɗin ba shi da kyau tare da manyan idanu masu bulbulo. Kunnuwa, an nuna su sama, sun fi rabin tsayin kwanyar dan kadan. Sunan na biyu na dabbar shine akuya ta daji.
Legsafafun baya na dabba sun fi na gaba tsayi, wanda ke haifar da motsi galibi tsalle, yana ba da damar tsalle sama da biyu da zuwa mita shida a tsayi, yana mai ban sha'awa da kyawunsu.
Gajeren jiki ya sami kambi tare da ƙaramin wutsiya, wanda ba a ganuwa saboda furcin lokacin farin ciki. Lokacin da dabbar ta farka, sai jelar ta tashi sai a ga wani farin tabo a karkashinsa, wanda mafarauta ke kira madubi.
Namiji ya banbanta da mace ba wai ta hanyar girmansa kaɗai ba, har ma da ƙahoninsa, waɗanda suka fara girma a watan huɗu na rayuwa. Ango dawakai ba kamar reshe kamar na barewa ba, amma suna da halaye na kansu. Suna girma a tsaye zuwa kai, farawa daga shekara uku, suna da matakai guda uku, waɗanda ba sa ƙaruwa da shekaru, amma suna da girma.
Arshen ƙahonin suna lankwasawa a ciki, kamar yadda hanyoyin gaban suke. Bony girma tare da tarin fuka (lu'u-lu'u) suna fitowa a kai. Deer a cikin hunturu launin toka ne, a lokacin rani launi yana canzawa zuwa zinare-ja ko launin ruwan kasa.
Irin
Shahararren masanin kimiyyar dabbobi, masanin burbushin halittu, dan takarar kimiyyar halittu Konstantin Flerov ya ba da shawarar a rarrabe barewar barewa zuwa jinsuna hudu:
- Bature
Wakilan jinsunan suna zaune a Yammacin Turai, ciki har da Biritaniya, Caucasus, ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, Iran, Falasɗinu. Dabbobi ma sun yawaita a Belarus, Moldova, jihohin Baltic da yammacin Ukraine.
Roasar barewa ta Turai sananniya ce don ƙaramarta - jiki ya fi mita mita kaɗan, tsayin da ya bushe ya kai 80 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogram 12-40. Launin gashi na hunturu launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne, ya fi na sauran nau'ikan duhu. A lokacin bazara, furfurar launin toka ta fita dabam da bangon jikin launin ruwan kasa.
Setananan ƙahonin an shirya su kusa, sandunan kansu suna da ƙarfi, an ɗan miƙe, tsawonsu ya kai cm 30. Lu'ulu'u ba su ci gaba ba.
- Siberiyan
Yankin rarraba wannan nau'in shine gabashin yankin Turai na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, farawa daga Volga, arewacin Caucasus, Siberia har zuwa Yakutia, yankunan arewa maso yamma na Mongolia da yammacin China.
Siberian roe barewa ya fi na Turai girma - tsawon jiki yakai 120-140 cm, tsayin da ya bushe ya kai mita, nauyin ya fara daga 30 zuwa 50 kilogiram. Wasu mutane sun kai 60 kg. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma kusan 15 cm sun fi guntu.
A lokacin rani, launi na kai da jiki iri ɗaya ne - rawaya-launin ruwan kasa. Spreadahonin sun bazu ko'ina, sun fi shahara. Sun kai tsayin 40 cm, suna da matakai har 5. Rakuna suna da tazara sosai, kar a taɓa juna. Lu'ulu'u mai tasowa kamar marmari yake. Budewar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki sun bayyana a kwanyar.
Launin tabo na barewa yana da asali a cikin dukkan nau'ikan, amma a cikin Siberia, ba kamar Bature ba, ba sa cikin layuka uku, amma a huɗu.
- Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Manchu
Dabbobi suna rayuwa a arewacin Koriya, China, Primorsky da yankunan Khabarovsk. A girma, barewar Manchu ta fi ta Turai girma, amma ta fi ta Siberiya girma. Wani abu na musamman shine madubi a ƙarƙashin jelar ba fari ne tsarkakakke ba, amma ja ne.
A lokacin hunturu, gashin kan yana tsaye tare da launin ruwan kasa mai wadata fiye da jiki. A lokacin bazara, barewa ta zama ja mai haske tare da launin ruwan kasa a bayanta.
- Sichuan
Yankin rarrabawa - China, Tibet na Gabas. Wani fasali na musamman shine mafi girma kuma kumbura kumburin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi tsakanin dukkanin jinsuna. Dawa ta Sichuan ta yi kama da barewar barewa ta Gabas a cikin bayyanar, amma ta fi taƙaitacciya kuma ba ta da nauyi.
Wool a cikin hunturu launin toka ne tare da launin ruwan kasa, ana bambanta goshin ta launi mai duhu. A lokacin rani, dabbar tana samun jan launi na gashi.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Duk da bambancin jinsi, babban yanki na rarraba gidajen da aka fi so na barewa suna kama. Wadannan sun hada da steppe-steppe, danshi mai haske ko kuma hade dazuzzuka masu farin ciki, sarari. Dabbobi suna cin ruwa da yawa, saboda haka galibi ana samunsu a cikin daji a gefen bankunan jikin ruwa.
Taiga mai duhu mai raɗaɗi ba tare da ɓarna ba ba ta jan hankalin awakin daji saboda ƙarancin albarkatun abinci, ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi. Daga kaka zuwa bazara, dabbobi suna yin ƙananan garken dabbobi, yawansu ya kai kawuna 20; a lokacin bazara, kowane mutum yana rayuwa da kansa.
A cikin zafin rana, barewa tana kiwo safe, yamma da dare, ta fi son jiran zafi a inuwar bishiyoyi. Bayan rutsawa, daga Oktoba zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba, suna fara yin ƙaura zuwa wurin hunturu don neman abinci ko saboda tsananin sauyin yanayi. Movementsungiyoyin nesa suna faruwa da daddare, tare da ƙungiyoyi masu ƙaura galibi suna haɗuwa tare da wasu ƙananan garken garken kan hanya.
Bayan isar wurin, dabbobin sukan nemi mafaka a cikin dajin, suna goge dusar ƙanƙara zuwa ƙasa mara kyau a wurin hutawa. A cikin iska mai ƙarfi, suna kwance tare. A cikin rana, yanayi mai natsuwa, sun fi son shirya wuraren hutu nesa da juna.
An daidaita su don sarrafa sararin samaniya yadda ya kamata. A lokaci guda, dole ne iska ta hura daga baya domin jin warin mai farautar tun kafin ta kusanto.
Ana danganta motsi na nesa zuwa Siberian roe deer. A cikin yanki na rarraba nau'in Turai, yanayi yana da sauƙi, yana da sauƙin samun abinci, saboda haka yawo yana iyakance ga canje-canje marasa mahimmanci. Mutanen da ke kan gangaren dutse suna sauka zuwa ƙananan yankuna a cikin hunturu ko ƙaura zuwa wani gangara inda akwai ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara.
Awakin daji kwararrun masu ninkaya ne wadanda zasu iya tsallaka Amur. Amma ɓawon burodi ya fi cm 30 girma don nau'in Turai kuma 50 cm na Siberian yana haifar da wahala a motsi. Yaran yara suna kwasfa ƙafafunsu a kan ɓawon dusar ƙanƙara kuma galibi suna zama ganima ga kerkeci, diloli, lynx ko harza. Deer a cikin hunturu yana ƙoƙari ya bi hanyoyin da aka doke don kada ya shiga cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
A cikin hunturu mai sanyi tare da jiko na dogon lokaci, ban da harin maharan na garken, wani haɗari yana jiran. Akwai mutuwar mutane da yawa saboda rashin samun abinci.
A lokacin bazara, kungiyoyin suna komawa wuraren kiwo na bazara, suna warwatse, kuma kowane mutum yana da filin kansa na murabba'in mita 2-3. km A cikin yanayi mai nutsuwa, dabbobi na motsawa yayin tafiya ko kuma tsawa, idan akwai haɗari sai su yi tsalle, suna ba da kansu sama da ƙasa. Ganinsu bai inganta sosai ba, amma ji da ƙamshi suna aiki da kyau.
Gina Jiki
Abincin dawa na barewa ya hada da ganyaye, harbe, buds, ganye matasa da fruitsa fruitsan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. A lokacin hunturu, awakin daji suna cin:
- ciyawa;
- rassan aspen, Willow, ceri tsuntsu, honeysuckle, Linden, tokar dutsen;
- gansakuka da licens da aka samo daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.
A yanayi na musamman, awakin daji a shirye suke su ci allurai, amma sabanin sauran bawon hakora ba sa cin abinci. Deer deer ya ba da fifiko musamman don sauƙin narkewa, abinci mai ɗaci. A lokacin rani, suna jin daɗin lingonberries, blueberries, da strawberries na daji.
Ana cin naman kaza kadan-kadan. Suna son yin kiwo a cikin ciyawar ciyawa tare da ganye ko kuma a cikin gonakin kabeji. Acorns, kirjin goro, 'ya'yan itacen bishiyar' ya'yan itacen daji, kwayar beech ana tsince shi daga ƙasa.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, ana amfani da albasa, lili, burnet, laima, hatsi da kuma kayan Compositae. Wasu lokuta sukan kusanci rufaffiyar ruwa don neman shuke-shuke, tsire-tsire masu ruwa. Ana amfani da Wormwood don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Suna son ziyartar lemun gishiri na halitta da na wucin gadi, wanda mafarauta ke amfani dashi lokacin da suke bin abincinsu. Yayin kiwo, dabbobi na nuna rashin nutsuwa da taka tsantsan, galibi suna waige-waige, suna wari da sauraren kowane irin rudu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Deer deer ya kai ga balagar jima'i ta shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Rut yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuli ko Agusta. A wannan lokacin, babban sa yana kula da takin har zuwa mata 6. Ciki yana dauke da makonni 40, amma yana da halaye irin nasa.
Tayin, ya wuce matakan farko na ci gaba, zai daskare har zuwa watanni 4-4.5. Growtharin haɓaka yana faruwa daga Disamba zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu. Idan lokacin rani ya ɓace kuma hadi ya auku a watan Disamba, to ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 5 ne kawai, yana ratsa lokacin latency.
Rut ɗin kansa ma abin ban mamaki ne. Shanu ba sa ruri, kamar sauran nau'ikan dawa, suna yin kira ga wani jinsi, amma suna samun kansu cikin iyakokin makircinsu. Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin maza daga yankunan da ke kusa da su har yanzu yana faruwa yayin da ba za su iya raba abin da hankali ba.
Don calving, akuya ta shiga cikin kaurin daji da yawa kusa da ruwa. A Firsta Firstan farko suna kawo barewa daya, mazan mutane - biyu ko uku. A kwanakin farko, jariran da aka haifa suna da rauni sosai, suna kwance a wurin, mahaifa ba ta matsa nesa da su.
Bayan mako guda, jarirai za su fara bin ta don tazara mai nisa. Zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni, barewa ta riga ta ciyar da kanta gaba ɗaya, kuma a watan Agusta an canza launin sanye da launin kama zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya.
A lokacin kaka, samari suna da ƙananan ƙaho-santimita 5 waɗanda aka zubar a watan Disamba. Daga Janairu zuwa bazara, sababbi suna girma, kamar a cikin manya. Matsakaicin rayuwar awakin daji shine shekaru 12-16.
Farautar barewa
Roe - abune na kasuwanci, farautar wasanni. An ba da izinin harbi maza bisa hukuma tare da lasisi daga Mayu zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Lokacin farautar mata yana buɗewa a watan Oktoba kuma yana ƙarewa a ƙarshen Disamba.
Barewa ana ɗaukar mafi ƙima a tsakanin marasa kulawa. Yana da ƙananan kalori, ya ƙunshi kawai 6% na ƙananan ƙwayoyin mai. Ya dace da abinci mai gina jiki na duka masu lafiya da marasa lafiya. Abubuwan mafi mahimmanci suna mai da hankali a cikin hanta, kuma ana lakanta hanta tare da kayan haɓakar kansa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa awakin daji suke da kyau kamar abin harbi.
Dabbobi koyaushe suna kan faɗakarwa, ko da kuwa suna kan kiwo ne ko kuma hutu. Awaki suna karkatar da kawunansu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, suna motsa kunnuwansu. A 'yar hatsarin da suke daskarewa, a kowane lokaci a shirye suke su gudu. Abubuwan da ba a gano ba, ana kewaye abubuwa masu ɗamara daga gefen leeward
Farautar barewa yana gwada masunta da yan koyo don jimiri, horon wasanni, saurin amsawa, da kuma harbi daidai. A lokacin sanyi, wani mafarauci shi kadai yakan farautar dabba daga kwanton bauna ko kusantowa.
Lamari na biyu ya fi burgewa, yana buƙatar fasaha, wayo da sanin halayyar awaki. Da farko, ana bincika yankin. Lokacin gano waƙoƙi, ƙwararren maharbi yana ƙayyade yanayin motsi.
Andananan da maɓallan kofatoi masu fa'ida da yawa suna sanar da cewa akwai wani shafin kiba a nan kuma yiwuwar ganin garken garken yana da kyau. Sau da yawa, ciyarwa da wuraren hutawa suna cikin unguwa, saboda haka yana da daraja neman gida. Siffar su karama ce.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbar ta dace sosai - tana daukar kafafunta a karkashin kanta, tana matse kansa kusa da kirjinsa. Idan hanyoyin ba su da yawa, mai zurfi - barewa ta tsere, ba shi da ma'ana a ci gaba da tafiya tare da su.
Dokoki da halaye don farautar farauta:
- Yanayin yanayi masu kyau - gajimare da iska. Kuna buƙatar barin asuba.
- An shirya bindiga da kayan aiki a gaba.
- Sun fara tafiya a kusa da yankin tare da gefuna.
- Motsi yakamata yayi shiru, yayin kallon wani maƙalli, sai su tsaya.
- Ba za ku iya shan taba ba, amfani da kayan ƙanshi.
- Suna tunkarar dabbobi kusa da iska.
- Sun taka dusar ƙanƙara a cikin salon zigzag, suna tsallake waƙoƙin ta gefe ɗaya.
- Ana samun damar samun nasara ta hanyar bin garken shanu maimakon mutum.
- Idan kun ji ƙarar reshen reshe a ƙafafunku ko kuma ganin akuya ta juya bakin hancinta zuwa fiskar ku - daskare kuma kada ku motsa na aƙalla mintina 5.
- Gaggawa da sauri lokacin da harbi bindiga ya sami nasara. Ana yin bindiga a cikin aiki lokacin da barewa ta tsaya domin gano tushen hatsarin bayan tsalle-tsalle da yawa daga tsoro.
Dabbar da aka yiwa rauni tana iya yin tafiya mai nisa. Don kauce wa dogon bin dabbar da ta ji rauni, kana buƙatar harbi tabbas. Mafi kyawun wuri don harbawa shine rabin rabin jiki, wato kai, wuya, kirji, ƙarƙashin ruwan kafaɗa.
A lokacin rani, ban da farauta daga kusantowa, ana farautar bijimai tare da taimakon abin ƙyama a lokacin rutsi. Sautin ya zama daidai da muryar mace. Suna farawa a hankali, suna amfani da kayan kwalliya kowane minti 10, a hankali suna ƙara ƙarar.
Yaran dabbobi suna zuwa da sauri. Wani lokaci ana nuna mace da farko, bijimin kuma yana biye da ita. Ana farauta daga wata hasumiya, inda mafarauta yakan sa kwanto a kan bishiya, tunda a baya ya shirya laƙar gishiri, ko murjani.
A cikin lamari na biyu, rukunin mafarautan sun kasu kashi-kashi da masu harbi a kan lambobin. Na farkon suna shirya zagaye na barewa tare da karnuka, tun a baya sun rataye yankin tare da tutoci, ban da wuraren da kibiyoyin suke.
Deer a cikin kaka ba shi da lokacin yin amfani da abubuwan gina jiki da aka samu a lokacin bazara, don haka ana ɗaukar namansa mafi amfani a wannan lokacin na shekara, musamman a watan Satumba. Naman akuya na lada ya cancanci lada ga mafarauci, saboda ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a bi sawun a kashe dabba mai sauri, mai hankali.
