Halittar da ba a saba da ita ba, kamar dai ta fito ne daga zurfin ƙarni na farko, tana kama da sihiri. Kitoglav yayi kama da zuriyar dinosaur ko baƙon mazaunin. Babban bakin yana sa tsuntsun ya zama abin ban tsoro kuma yana da ban tsoro.
Ganawa tare da kan kifayen kifi a cikin yanayi ya riga ya cika wuya; ba kowane gidan zoo bane zai iya alfahari da babban bako.
Bayani da fasali
Tsuntsaye mai zurfin karatu wanda yake ɗan asalin gabashin Afirka. Masana ilimin kimiyyar jijiyoyin jiki sun tabbatar da alaƙarta da pelicans, ban da wannan asalin yana nuna alaƙa da yawancin tsuntsayen idon sawu: storks, herons, marabou. Iyalan da ke kan gaba a kan kifi sun hada da wakili guda - mai martaba sarki, kamar yadda ake kiran sa in ba haka ba tsuntsayen kifi
Girman mazaunan Afirka yana da ban sha'awa: tsayinsa ya kai kimanin mita 1.2-1.5, tsawon jiki ya kai 1.4 m, nauyin mutum ya kai kilogiram 9-15, faɗin fuka-fuki lokacin da aka buɗe shi ne 2.3 m. Babban shugaban da babban baki, kama da guga , gaba daya basu dace da girman jiki ba - kusan iri daya ne a fadi. Wannan dissonance na anatomical ba irin na sauran tsuntsaye bane.
Bakake mai ban mamaki, wanda girmansa yakai 23 cm tsayi kuma kusan 10 cm, an kwatanta shi da takalmin katako, kan kifin kifi whale - sunayen tsuntsaye sun nuna wannan fasalin. Baken sanye yake da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙugiya a ƙarshen don taimakawa jimre wa ganima.
Dogon wuya yana tallafawa babban kai, amma a huta baki yana samun tallafi a kirjin tsuntsun don magance tashin hankali a cikin tsokoki na wuya. Idanun rawaya masu launin sarauta, akasin dangin su, suna gaban, kuma ba a gefen kwanyar ba, don haka hangen nesa yana nuna hoto mai girma uku na duniya. Kallon kallo na zagayen idanuwa yana nuna nutsuwa da karfin gwiwa.
Ba shi yiwuwa a rarrabe tsakanin kawunan kifayen namiji da na mace ta bayyanar su. Duk mutane suna da launin toka, kawai baki shine yashi rawaya. A kan bayan tsuntsayen, za ku iya ganin foda a ƙasa, kamar a cikin gwanayen mahaɗa.
Babban jiki tare da gajeren wutsiya, tsuntsun yana riƙe da babban kai a kan ƙananan kafafu da sirara. Don tafiya cikin ƙasa mai dausayi, ƙafafu da yatsu a baya suna ba tsuntsu kwanciyar hankali. Godiya ga faɗin tallafinta akan ƙasa mai laushi, kitoglav baya faɗa cikin magudanar ruwa.
Wani fasali na tsuntsu shine ikon tsayawa motsi na dogon lokaci. A wannan lokacin kuma faduwa kitoglav a cikin hoton, kamar dai yin ganganci. A ɗayan wuraren shakatawa a Turai, an rubuta wasiƙa cikin raha akan farantin bayani game da kan kifin whale: har yanzu yana motsawa.
A cikin gudu, tsuntsayen suna jan wuyansu kamar sheqa, suna motsi da kyau, suna tashi sama na dogon lokaci akan fadamar fadama, wani lokacin tsuntsayen suna motsi cikin gajeren tashi. Motocin sama na babban kan kifin whale a kan fukafukai masu yaduwa suna kama da jirgin sama daga nesa.
Sarauta Kitoglav - mai karamin magana, amma mai iya samar da sautuna iri-iri:
tsalle-tsalle kamar dangi masu kama da stork tare da baki don watsa bayanai ga dangi;
shrill tare da kira don wani abu;
shaƙatawa cikin haɗari;
"Hiccup" lokacin da kake buƙatar rokon abinci.
A gidajen zoo, ana yaba da tsuntsaye masu ban mamaki, amma samun da kiyaye kan kifin whale yana da wahala saboda dalilai da yawa:
- takamaiman yanayin ciyarwa;
- matsalolin kiwo a cikin fursuna;
- iyakantaccen mazaunin
Kudin mutane yayi yawa. 'Yan asalin Afirka ta Gabas, saboda neman riba, kamawa, sayar da kawunan kifi, rage adadin yawan daji, wanda kawai mutane dubu 5-8 ne na musamman. Mazaunin tsuntsayen da ba a saba gani ba yana raguwa, sau da yawa gurbi yakan lalace.
Yau whale glav - tsuntsu ne wanda ba safai ba, amincinsa yana haifar da damuwa ba kawai tsakanin masu lura da tsuntsaye ba, har ma tsakanin masu yawan sanin yanayin.
Irin
Sarauta mara lafiya, kitoglav, nasa ne daga cikin tsari na storks. A cikin dangin kifayen da ke kan gaba, wannan shi ne kawai wakilin.
An gano tsuntsayen da ba a cika samun su ba a cikin 1849, kuma a cikin shekara mai zuwa masana kimiyyar sun bayyana kifin kifi na whale glav. Duniya ta koya game da mu'ujiza mai fuka-fukai daga littafin masanin kimiyyar halittar Sweden Bengt Berg game da ziyarar sa Sudan. Har wala yau, kifin whalef ya kasance ba shi da cikakken nazarin jinsin idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran tsuntsaye.
Nazarin kwayar halitta ya tabbatar da alaƙar mazaunan Afirka masu fuka-fukai da dorinar ruwa, kodayake a al'adance ana danganta su ga dangin marayu da duwalai. Rikice-rikice da yawa game da wurin shugaban kifi whale a cikin jagororin avian sun haifar da hukunce-hukuncen kimiyya don ɗaukar shi a matsayin hanyar haɗin ɓacewa tsakanin umarnin Copepods da Stork.
Tambayar "shoebeak", kamar yadda Birtaniyya ta kira shi, har yanzu tana cikin matsayin karatu.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Mazaunin kifin whale yana cikin fadamar wurare masu zafi a tsakiyar Afirka da gabashinta. Kasancewa mai yawan gaske, tsuntsun yana zaune ne a gabar Kogin Nilu, yankunan ruwa na Zaire, Congo, Tanzania, Zambiya, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan ta Kudu zuwa yammacin Habasha. A waɗannan wurare ana samun babban abincin tsuntsaye - kifi mai huhun huhu, ko kuma masu sarrafawa.
Yanayin zama da rashin zaman lafiya halaye ne na masu halayyar nutsuwa da nutsuwa. Duk tarihin tsuntsaye yana da alaƙa da papyrus thickets da protopters.
Jama'a sun warwatse kuma ƙananan adadi. Yawancin tsuntsaye ana lura dasu a Kudancin Sudan. Wuraren da aka fi so da kifayen teku su ne gandun daji na tsako a wuraren da ke da dausayi, tsuntsaye suna guje wa sarari.
Tsuntsaye galibi ana kiyaye su su kaɗai, sau da yawa sau biyu-biyu a lokacin saduwar aure, ba sa haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi. Yana da wuya a ga kawunan kifi whale da yawa tare. Halittu mai ban mamaki bashi da ma'ana, baya neman sadarwa tare da 'yan uwan sa kabilu.
Tsoffin ilham ne kawai suke turawa mutane su hadu. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwarsu a cikin dazuzzuka masu dausayi, suna kiyaye kansu daga baƙi. Wani lokaci fashewar bakin da ke haifar da cin amana ga wurin abin mamakin da ke zaune a wurare masu zafi.
Awanni da yawa na daskarewa tare da guga man baki ya sa ba a iya ganin tsuntsu tsakanin ciyawa da papyrus. Kuna iya wucewa kusa da shi, kifin whale ma baya motsi, sabanin sauran tsuntsayen ba zai tashi ba.
Shugaban kifin whale da wuya yakan tashi. Yawo tare da katuwar fuka-fuki shimfida yana da kyau sosai. Bakin tsuntsun ana matse shi a kirji, baya hana motsi. Don neman abinci, tsuntsaye suna tashi ƙasa ƙasa.
Don tashi sama, kamar gaggafa, kawunan kifi whale suna amfani da igiyar ruwa, kar a kashe yunƙurin kuzari don tashi kyauta.
A matsayin sakonnin lura, masu bautar sarauta suna zaɓar tsibirin tsirrai, amma suna yin tafiya lokaci-lokaci a cikin gulbin. Tsuntsaye na iya nutsewa cikin fadama har zuwa layin ciki.
Kitheads kawai suna ba da tsoro, amma su kansu, kamar masu waƙoƙin yau da kullun, suna da saukin kai ga maƙiyan makiya. Baya ga barazanar masu farauta masu fuka-fukai (falcon, shaho), kada suna haifar musu da babban haɗari.
'Yan kishin ruwa na Afirka suna rayuwa cikin gulbin ruwa da yawa. Whale shugaban kajin, ƙwanƙwan ƙwai suna fuskantar barazanar harin marten.
A cikin bauta, tsuntsayen da ba safai ba, kasancewar suna da aminci, da sauri suka saba da mutane, suka zama masu ruɗi. Mazauna suna da nutsuwa, suna zama tare da sauran dabbobi.
Gina Jiki
A cikin abincin kifin Whale, abincin dabbobi dabbobin ruwa ne da ke kusa da ruwa. Protopter daga nau'in halittar kifin lobe - "tasa" da aka fi so shugaban kifi whale, yana zaune a wuraren da ba su da zurfin ruwa, a cikin kogunan fadama, da filayen kogin da ke kwarara.
Lokacin ciyar da tsuntsaye ya fi yawa da safe, ƙasa da rana. Ana gudanar da duba dukkan tsibiran da ke iyo na shuke-shuke na ruwa, ana yin tafiya a tsakanin kaurin. Ganin abin farauta da ke kusa, sai kifin whale ya fuka fuka-fukansa, ya hanzarta ya sadu da shi don ya kama bakinsa a kan wanda aka azabtar. An gudanar da ganimar lafiya.
Wani lokacin tsuntsun yakan tayar da siradi don neman mollusks, amphibians. Tare da bakinta mai fadi, sarki mai martaba na iya kama ko da ɗan kada. Idan kan kifin whale ya tsarkake kifin na tsire-tsire, yage kansa kafin ya ci abinci, to za a iya haɗiye manyan beraye gaba ɗaya.
Zaɓin wurin farauta galibi yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin giwaye da hippos. A wuraren da manyan dabbobi ke sirirta, dabbobi koyaushe suna tarawa, ƙarin kifi. Hanyoyin wucin gadi suna jawo yawancin tsuntsaye.
Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun yi imanin cewa mafi kyawun angwan tsuntsaye shine shugaban kifi whale Abin da yake ci sarauta mara kyau, idan ba za ku iya biyan yunwarku da furotin ba?
Farauta don tilapia, polypterus, kifayen kifi, macizan ruwa, kunkuru ana aiwatar da su daga kwanton bauna, mai jiran gadon sarauta cikin haƙuri yana jiran fitowar su da kusancin su. Wani lokacin tsuntsun yakan saukar da kansa cikin ruwa domin dibar wani kifin ninkaya tare da bakinsa, kamar net na malam buɗe ido, tare da kwaɗi da kayan ciki. Hanyar kama farauta tana kama da halayyar pelicans.
Kwararren masunci koyaushe yana farauta daga 'yan uwansa kabilu. Mafi karancin tazara tsakanin tsuntsaye shine akalla mita 20.
An bayyana jarabawar gourmets zuwa kifi mai numfashi mai sau biyu ta hanyar takamaiman fasalin bakin, wanda ya dace da wani "menu". Rashin babban tushen abinci yana lalata masifa, koda kuwa wasu mazaunan ruwa suna ciyar da su.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Tare da ƙarshen lokacin damina, lokacin saduwa na kawunan kifin whale yana farawa. Ba kamar tsuntsaye masu auren mata da yawa ba, saduwa tana faruwa sau ɗaya kawai a cikin maraƙin sarauta. Zaɓin abokin tarayya yana faruwa yayin rawar rawa, gaisuwa tare da narkar da kai, miƙa wuya, raɗaɗa da waƙoƙin kurma, danna baki.
Mataki na gaba shine gina gida. Ginin shine dandamali mai faɗin diamita na mita 2.5. An ɓoye wurin daga idanuwan idanuwa ta hanyar manyan duwatsu. Don kare kansu daga masu farauta daga ƙasa, kifayen kifin whale suna yin gida gida a kan tekun fadama, tsibirai masu dacewa a wuraren da ba za a iya hawa ba.
Tsuntsaye ne suke tara kayan gini. A gindin gurmin, an shimfiɗa tsuguno na papyrus da reeds, a cikin tiren an lulluɓe da ciyawa busasshe, waɗanda kifayen kifin suke murƙushewa da ƙafafunsu.
A kama yawanci ƙunshi qwai 1-3. Da daddare, mace na dumama musu da dumin ta, kuma da rana, in ya zama dole, sai ta sanyaya su da ruwan da aka shigo da bakin ta kamar mai ɗumi. Kula da yanayin zafin jiki daidai yana da mahimmanci don ci gaban zuriyar. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar wata ɗaya. Iyaye suna juyawa a bakin aiki a gida.
Yankunan da aka kyankyasar da launin ruwan kasa mai kauri, ana samun bakakken giya ko da a cikin jarirai. Mace tana ciyar da jariran da farko ta hanyar bel daga goiter. Bayan wata guda, gutsuttsuren ya riga ya sami damar haɗiye kayan abincin da aka kawo. Wankan jarirai a zafin rana yana faruwa ne daidai da ƙwai, wanda ruwa ke kawowa a cikin bakin mace.
A ƙa'ida, magaji ɗaya ne ya tsira, wanda ke samun ƙarin abinci da kulawa. Samun abinci ga jariri yana hanzarta ta hanyar taɓa ƙafafu ko bakin mata. Har zuwa watanni 2 Whale shugaban kaza ba ya rabuwa da iyaye, sannan ya fara nuna alamun farko na 'yanci.
A watanni 4 bayan samuwar kan kifin whale kan fukafukai, rabuwa da gida na asali yana faruwa, amma ya dawo gida har yanzu yana faruwa.
Kitoglav yana samun ayyukan haifuwa yana da shekaru 3. Matsakaicin rayuwar tsuntsaye shine shekaru 36. Dabbobin suna raguwa sannu a hankali saboda farauta, raguwar mahimmin wurin zama.
Ayyukan ɗan adam suna cin zarafin namun daji. A cikin bauta, kiwo na tsuntsaye yana da wahala.
Kitoglav yana iya ba kawai don mamakin mutum ba, amma don sa mutane suyi tunani game da amincin duniya mai ban mamaki, wanda komai ke haɗuwa da jituwa.
