Yawo mai kare. Bayani, fasali, nau'in, salon rayuwa da mazaunin karnukan tashi

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Bayani da fasali

Daga cikin masarautar dabbobi, rukunin da ake kira jemage ya fito fili. Wakilan ta sun banbanta da cewa su kadai ne daga ajin dabbobi masu iya tashi sama, kuma suna da kyau kuma suna da fikafikai. Wannan tsari ya bambanta kuma ana ɗaukarsa na biyu mafi girma a cikin ajin da aka ambata bayan rodents. Membobinta suna da halaye masu kyau.

Na farko shine yawo jirgin. Amma ya bambanta sosai daga yanayin kwatankwacin motsi tsuntsaye. Wannan yanayin motsawa ta cikin iska yana bawa jemagu damar nuna kwarin gwiwa da yanayin motsa jiki, gami da bunkasa saurin da yake da matukar girma ga halittun da ke yawo a duniya.

Sauran dukiyoyinsu masu ban sha'awa shine ƙwarewa ta musamman don jin sararin kewaye da abubuwan da ke ciki. An kira shi echolocation. Waɗannan halittu suna da ban sha'awa sosai har duk kimiyya ta tashi don nazarin su - chiropterology.

Iyalan jemagu na wannan ƙungiyar. Membobin ɗayan zuriyarta (pteropus) galibi ana kiransu dawakai masu tashi. Ana kiran wakilan ɗayan (rosetus): dare jemagu, karnuka masu yawo - wannan shine suna na biyu ga waɗannan halittu.

Masana kimiyya, ba tare da dalili ba, suna mai da duka jinsi zuwa gajin mafi tsufa tsakanin danginsu a cikin tsari. Sun banbanta da sauran jemagu a tsarin dadadden tsarin kwarangwal dinsu. Hakanan, jemagu masu 'ya'yan itace ba za suyi alfahari da ingantacciyar damar haɓaka yanayi ba. Amma wannan za'a tattauna shi daki-daki daga baya.

Tsarin fuka-fukin irin wadannan halittu ya sha bamban da na tsuntsaye. Kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna da gaɓoɓi huɗu, amma ana lura dasu sosai kuma suna aiki ne kamar kwarangwal don fukafukan. Na karshen su membrane ne na fata mai laushi, baƙi, launin ruwan kasa ko mai launin rawaya-lemu mai launi tare da jijiyoyi masu duhu, miƙa kamar tarfaulin tsakanin dukkan ƙafafu da jela, amma a lokaci guda yana nitsuwa da sauƙi a lokacin buƙata.

Yayin da suke yawo a cikin iska, wadannan halittun suna kada fikafikansu sosai, kuma membrane din fata yana mikewa sosai, kuma yankinsa yana karuwa kusan sau hudu. Wannan ƙirar tana ba da fa'idodi don ɗauka daga wurare daban-daban, kuma yana haɓaka gudu da sauƙin tafiyar iska. Jemage suna motsawa cikin sararin samaniya da daddare ba tare da fitar da hayaniya ba, kuma suna da ikon rufe kilomita 100 ba tare da hutu ba.

Sunan asalin fauna: yawo mai kare, babu shakka saboda kamanceceniyar waje tare da halittar da aka ambata cikin sunan, sananne sosai ga mutum. Wadannan halittu masu tashi sama suna da madaidaicin bakin da hanci wanda yayi kamanceceniya da kare; kusa-kafa, manyan, zagaye idanu; kananan kunnuwa; jikin da aka rufe da ja, launin ruwan kasa, rawaya, har ma da shuɗi ko baƙin gashi, a cikin ƙananan yankuna na jiki tare da wayewar haske.

Wutsiyarsu, a matsayin mai mulkin, gajere ne, kuma yana iya kasancewa ba ya nan gaba ɗaya. A kan gaba-gaba, an yatsun yatsun hannu da fika. Girman jikin irin waɗannan halittu na iya zama daban: daga ƙarami (kusan 6 cm) zuwa kusan rabin mita. Fikafikan fikafnin jemagu mafi girma na iya zama ƙasa da mita biyu.

Irin waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki suna rayuwa a kan nahiyoyin Asiya da Afirka, har ma da Ostiraliya, kuma suna zaune galibi yankuna masu zafi, amma galibi ana samunsu a cikin subtropics. Yankin su ya hada da, musamman, Iran, Japan, Syria, Maldives, Oceania. Duk siffofin tsarinsu a bayyane suke akan hoton kare mai tashi.

Irin

An riga an ambata cewa jemagu masu 'ya'yan itace ba za su iya yin alfahari da ƙwarewar haɓaka ba, ba kamar jemage ba. Idan an basu su, to a cikin wani tsari na dadadden tsari. Nau'in fuskantarwa a sararin samaniya ta hanyar sake kera wasu mitar igiyar ruwa (ultrasonic) yana tattare ne da wasu nau'ikan.

Don samun ra'ayi game da abubuwan da ke kewaye yayin tashi a cikin duhu, wakilan wasu nau'in suna fitar da siginar murya wanda za'a iya kiran sa sama da asali. Misali, sautin Rousetus yana haifar da sautukan da suka yi kama da cinye agogo. Sautin raƙuman ruwa yana bayyana daga abubuwa da abubuwa masu rai a sararin samaniya kuma mutanen da aka aiko suna tsinkayen su. A sakamakon haka, hoto na gaskiyar abin da ke kewaye ya bayyana a cikin kwakwalwar su.

Amma sautukan da karnuka masu yawo suka sake bugawa, a matsayinka na doka, basa cikin na ultrasonic. A wani bangaren kuma, jinsunan jemage, wadanda basu da wata kwarjini ta iya kawo sauyi, sunada kamshi, gani da sauran gabobin jijiyoyi guda biyar wadanda suke tattare da halittun duniya. Su ne suke taimaka wa daidaitarsu da rayuwarsu.

Kare dan Egypt mai tashi

Dukan dangin jemage masu 'ya'yan itace sun hada da kusan nau'in 170. Sannan suka haɗu zuwa cikin jinsi, wanda kusan dozin huɗu ne. Daga cikinsu, nau'ikan karnukan da ke tashi (rosetus) suma suna da wakilci ta hanya mafi fa'ida. Yi la'akari da mafi ban sha'awa daga nau'ikan waɗannan halittu.

1. Kare dan Egypt mai tashi... Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da tsayin jiki na kusan cm 15. Suna da gajere, bai fi santimita ba, jela. Nauyin jikinsu bai wuce kimanin g. 130. A tsakiyar muzzles ɗinsu akwai manyan idanu zagaye waɗanda suke iya gani daidai. Gashi yana da taushi sosai kuma yana jin siliki ga taɓawa. Ana samun irin waɗannan halittun a cikin Turkiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma, ba shakka, a Misira da yankunan arewacin Afirka.

Tarihin yawan mutanen Cyprus abin bakin ciki ne. Wani lokaci da suka wuce, kusan manoma na cikin gari sun hallaka shi gaba ɗaya. Yanzu a cikin Cyprus akwai, kamar yadda kuka sani, ƙaramin mulkin mallaka ne kawai na waɗannan halittu, wanda girman su kawai wasu mutane goma sha biyu ne. Wannan nau'in halittun da ke yawo ba za su iya sake sigina na ultrasonic ba, amma don fuskantarwa yana fitar da sautuka, mafi daidai - kawai yana latsa harshensa.

2. Tsuntsun kogo. Sake buga sigina na ultrasonic a cikin hanya mafi sauƙi don taimaka masa kewaya. Yawan irin wadannan halittu galibi bai wuce g 100. Ana samun wannan nau'in a China, Pakistan, India, Nepal da wasu sauran kasashe masu yanayi iri daya.

Tunda waɗannan halittun suna zaune a cikin kogon duhu mai duhu, suna da wasu sifofi waɗanda zasu taimaka musu su dace da irin wannan rayuwar. A daddare, idanunsu na haskakawa sosai kuma suna fitar da hasken phosphoric. Suna hutawa, kamar jemagu, a wani wuri juye, suna liƙa ƙusoshin hannu masu ƙarfi a cikin kogon dutsen. Idan mutum ya kasance yana cikin wurin da aka bashi, yana iya nutsuwa ya ɗauki irin wannan dabbar. Ba su da tsoron mutane.

Tsuntsayen kogo

3. Kalong - babban yawo kare... Girman jikin wakilan wannan nau'in sun kai 40 cm kuma sun fi girma. Ana samun irin wadannan halittun a kasashen Japan, Iran, Syria da Egypt. Unguwansu tana ba mutane matsala, tunda suna iya haifar da babbar illa ga gonakin 'ya'yan itace. Amma Kalongs sun sha wahala daga mutane saboda dandanon naman su, wanda ake ganin ya dace da abinci.

Kalong mai yawo kare

4. Dwarf 'ya'yan itace jemage. Sunan wannan halittar ba yaudara yake ba. Lallai wannan karamin wakili ne na irinsa. Bugu da ƙari, shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta tsakanin takwarorinsa. Kuma girman sa kwatankwacin na babban kwari. Irin waɗannan halittu suna zaune a Kudancin Asiya.

Baturen 'ya'yan itace Pygmy

Rayuwa da mazauni

Yawancin jinsunan jemage 'ya'yan itace mara dare suna samun sauƙin ɗan adam. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, da farko, wakilan Misira na wannan nau'in na fauna (ban da wanda aka ambata a baya, ana amfani da wani sunan don irin waɗannan halittu - --yallen fruita Nilean Nilu). Waɗannan halittu ana rarrabe su da halin yarda da ƙira da ƙwarewar halitta, ƙari, suna iya ƙaƙƙarfan haɗi da maigidansu.

Karnuka masu yawo na gida yawanci ta hanyar masoyan halittu masu ban mamaki ana ajiye su a cikin babbar shimfiɗa. Bugu da kari, ana iya saukar da su a cikin dakin da aka killace shi. Dangane da yanayin zamantakewar waɗannan dabbobin, ya fi kyau kada a sami ɗaya, amma karnuka masu tashi sama lokaci ɗaya.

In ba haka ba, akwai yiwuwar cewa wata dabarar da ke kadaici za ta fara tsunduma cikin damuwa. Talaka ta yau da kullun ta dace a matsayin shimfida a ƙasa a cikin mazaunin, zaka iya amfani da ƙananan itacen itacen. Abincin ya dogara da nau'in.

Jemagu fruita Nilean fruita fruitan Nilea Nilean Nilu galibi ana ciyar da su da compote, busassun kayan lambu, da ɗan pora fruitan itace. Abin takaici shine kawai irin waɗannan dabbobin ba su da tsabta. Wadannan 'yan iska suna watsewa tare da abinci mai daɗi da shit, ko'ina. Kuma najasar tasu tana da ruwa daidai gwargwado kuma suna wari mara dadi sosai.

A karkashin yanayin yanayi, jemagu masu 'ya'yan itace mara dadi sun fi son zama a cikin kurmin daji da kogwanni, da kuma cikin tsofaffin gine-ginen da suka lalace, a cikin raƙuman duwatsu, a ma'adanai, a makabartu. Yawo mai karedabba, wanda za'a iya samun sa a cikin tsaunuka da yankunan tsaunuka.

Irin waɗannan halittu sun fi son zama a cikin yankuna. Zasu iya zama kanana sosai, yawansu yakai mutum hamsin, kazalika da girma, yawansu yakai membobi dubu biyu a cikin abun da suke yi. Ana iya samun irin wannan ƙauyuka na bat ɗin Nil a cikin tsohuwar dala ta Masar.

Waɗannan dabbobin da ke yawo suna aiki galibi a cikin duhu. Kuma a cikin hasken rana sun gwammace suyi bacci da ƙafafunsu juye. A lokacin hutu, an kusan rage rabin bugun bugun jinin su. A cikin rana, za su iya farka idan sun ji kasancewar masu kutsawa cikin kayansu.

Bugu da kari, a wannan lokacin ne suke tsabtace kansu, suna sanya jikinsu cikin tsari. Daga cikin makiya wadannan dabbobin galibi tsuntsayen dabbobi ne: falcons, ungulu mikiya da sauransu. Hakanan suna jin haushin kwari masu shan jini da wasu nau'ikan cakulkuli.

Gina Jiki

Don samun abincin kansu, wadannan halittun suna tashi jim kadan bayan magariba. Suna samun abin da zasu sami fa'ida ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙamshi da gani. Abincin abincin jemage na dare shine mafi cutarwa. Babban ɓangarensa ya ƙunshi fruitsa fruitsan itacen da aka samo daga bishiyun kudu na ban mamaki.

Daga cikinsu akwai ayaba, dabino, lemu, ɓaure, mangoro. Menene kare mai tashi? tukuna? Hakanan zata iya cin naman kaza, tsaba, ganye matasa, da cin kwari a matsayin abinci. Wasu lokuta irin wadannan halittu suna cin abinci akan furanni da tsirrai, suna shan fulawa, kodayake basa cikin manyan nau'ikan abinci.

Karnuka masu tashi suna son cin 'ya'yan itace

Jemage 'ya'yan itace masu dare sukan gamsar da yunwa ta rataye sama a bishiya. A lokaci guda, suna manne da reshe na ɗaya daga cikin lamuran ƙafafu, kuma suna amfani da ɗayan, suna diban 'ya'yan itace. Amma wani lokacin sukan kama su yayin wucewa, suna ta shawagi kawai. Sun fi biyan bukatun jiki na danshi ta hanyar shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Amma kuma suna shan ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin ma ana amfani da gishiri. Ana buƙatar wannan ta hanyar ilimin lissafi na musamman.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Yawancin lokaci jemage 'ya'yan itace sukan haifa sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Lokacin daddawa ga waɗannan dabbobin zai fara wani wuri a watan Yuli, yana ƙarewa a tsakiyar kaka. Yana da wuya a kira karnuka masu haihuwar mata masu haihuwa. Yawancin lokaci suna haihuwa fiye da ɗaya, a cikin mawuyacin hali - jarirai biyu. Tsawan lokacin daukar cikin kansa ya dogara da girma da nau'in. Manyan wakilai na wannan dangin na iya ɗaukar zuriya har zuwa watanni shida.

Abin mamaki ne cewa waɗannan halittun sun haihu a cikin shahararriyar yanayin da suke jin daɗin irin waɗannan jemage - a juye. Don jariri, barin mahaifar, ba ya faɗi ba, mahaifiya ta shirya masa a gaba shimfidar kwanciyar hankali na nata fukafukanta, inda jariri zai sami lafiya.

Yawo Karnukan Kare

Kamar yadda ya dace da dabbobi masu shayarwa, abinci na farko don ƙaramin ɗan itace shine madarar uwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa jariran waɗannan halittun suna da saurin lalacewa kuma sun dace da rayuwa. Ba kawai nan da nan bayan haihuwa ba da kansu suka hau kan mama, suna kwadayin kan nono, thean tsaba nan da nan suke iya gani. Kuma tun daga kwanakin farko jikinsu ya riga ya rufe da ulu.

A kan mama, jarirai suna yin kwanaki har sai sun sami ƙarfi kuma sun sami duk ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Daidaitaccen lokacin anan ya dogara da nau'in. Misali, a cikin jemage na 'ya'yan itacen kogo,' ya 'yan kwalliya suna koyon tashi da cin' ya'yan itace da kimanin watanni uku da haihuwa.

Rayuwar jemage 'ya'yan itace mara kyau a yanayi an yarda da ƙasa da shekaru 8. Kodayake har yanzu kimiyya ba ta da cikakken bayani kan wannan lamarin. Karnukan da ke kamawa, a gefe guda, galibi suna rayuwa sosai - wani wuri har zuwa shekaru 20, daidai har zuwa 25.

Menene bambanci tsakanin kare mai yawo da Fox mai tashi?

Abu ne mai sauki a rikice cikin kalmomin magana idan ana maganar jemage. Gaskiyar ita ce sau da yawa ana amfani da suna iri ɗaya don wakilan jinsi Rousetus da Pteropus: karnuka masu yawo. Kuma wannan ba babban kuskure bane. Sau da yawa ta wannan hanyar ana kiran bayanai, ana kamanceceniya da wakilan jemage iyali, har ma a cikin hanyoyin adabi. Amma idan kuna ƙoƙari don cikakkun kalmomin, ya kamata ku fahimci cewa wannan ba abu ɗaya bane.

Yawo mai kare

Menene bambanci tsakanin kare mai tashi da Fox mai tashi? Da farko dai, su mambobi ne na jinsi daban-daban. Koyaya, suna da kamanceceniya da yawa cikin tsari da ɗabi'a. Foxes da karnuka kusan suna cin abinci iri ɗaya, suna rayuwarsu cikin kusan yanayi ɗaya.

Membobin asalin duka ba su da cikakken damar iya sauya wuri, amma sun fi karkata ga rayuwarsu zuwa hangen nesa da kyakkyawan ƙamshi. A kan fikafikan, kowane ɗayan wakilan yana da ɗan yatsan hannu wanda aka sanye shi da kambori. Suna da tsarin gargajiya na tsohuwar mahaifa da haƙarƙari mai motsi. Wannan yana nuna ainihin shakku da kuma kusancin ƙawancen karnuka masu yawo da dawakai.

Kwayar halittar dabba tana da fadi sosai kuma tana da wakiltar nau'ikan 60, kowannensu yana da halaye irin nasa. Wadansu sun yi amannar cewa wakilansu a zahiri sun fi kama da dawakai, kuma rosetus suna kama da karnuka. Koyaya, wannan alama ce mai ma'ana kuma tana da ma'ana sosai.

Yawo fox

A zahiri, jinsi biyu suna da kama da juna kuma galibi ana bayyana su a matsayin abu ɗaya. Kuma kawai nazarin kwayoyin zai iya samar da cikakken tsari. Sau da yawa, koda a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, ana kiran duk jemage 'ya'yan itace karnuka masu tashi. Wani lokaci karnuka masu tashiwa da dawakai suna haɗuwa gwargwadon yadda suke ci kuma ana kiransu kawai: jemage 'ya'yan itace.

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