Duniya toad yana nufin amphibians marasa wutsiya. Wannan tawaga ce. Ana kiran ajin kawai azaman amphibians. Squadungiyar tana da iyali na toads. Fiye da zuriya 40 na shi. Akwai nau'ikan 579 a cikinsu. Ana kiran su ƙasa, saboda da farkon yanayin sanyi kuma da rana yayin lokacin zafi suna ɓoye a cikin kaburai, suna binne kansu tsakanin tushen, duwatsu.
Bayani da siffofin toad na ƙasa
Duniya a cikin hoto kuma a zahiri ya fi kwari girma, yana da bushewa, fata mara laushi. An rufe shi da wani irin warts, balaga. Kwaɗi ba su da irin wannan, kazalika da ikon kama kwari da saurin walƙiya a tashi.
Yumbu ya ɗauke su da harshensa. A gefe guda kuma, kwaɗi suna da ƙafafun dogayen kafafu. Wannan yana bawa dabbobi damar tsalle. An hana Toads wannan ikon. Differencesarin bambance-bambance daga kwadi sune:
- sako-sako da jiki ba tare da bayyanannen layi ba
- kai ya sauko kasa
- yalwar gland a baya, wanda galibi ke haifar da guba
- duhu mai duhu tare da zurfin ƙasa
- rashin hakora a cikin sama muƙamuƙi
Ci gaban dimphism na jima'i a cikin toads na ƙasa. Maza sun fi mata ƙanƙan da yawa kuma sun sanya yatsun kafa na farko a ƙafafunku. Yana taimaka ƙayyade jima'i na toad na ƙasa.
Kiran da ke kan ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun tarko na samarin ƙasa sun cika glandon fata. Suna taimaka wajan kiyaye bayan abokin yayin saduwa. Saboda haka rungumewa da fahimtar hankali ya bunkasa cikin maza.
Ara yawan toads na ƙasa da ƙyallen kunne. Wannan ya shafi maza da mata. Ana kiran gland din kunnen da ake kira parotids.
Girman toads ya kai santimita 30 a tsayi. A wannan yanayin, nauyin mutum na iya zama kilogram 2.3. Hakanan akwai ƙananan wakilai na ƙungiyar game da tsawon santimita 3.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Shortunƙun kafa masu nauyi da kiba masu nauyi a hankali waddle. A lokacin haɗari, amphibians suna goyan bayansu. Wannan na gani yana sanya toads girma, yana tsoratar da masu laifi. Frogs kawai suna tsalle daga na baya.
Toads wani lokaci yana iya yin tsalle ɗaya, amma suna yin shi idan "dabara" tare da ɗaga baya ya gaza.
Samun fata, keratinized fata fiye da kwadi, toads na iya zama nesa da jikin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Babu buƙatar ɗigon ruwa na mahimmin abu. Mafi dacewa, parotids sun ɗauki wannan aikin. Suna samar da sirri mai danshi.
Rayuwar toad na ƙasa ta kasu kashi-kashi cikin hutu da aiki, ba kawai dare da rana ba. Na karshen shine lokacin farkawa. Haka kuma rayuwa ta kasu kashi-kashi cikin yanayi na dumi da sanyi. A lokacin hunturu, toads burrow a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan 10 santimita. A can, dabbobi suna fadawa cikin rayarwar dakatarwa, suna rage tafiyar da ayyukansu masu mahimmanci.
Toads na iya burrow a cikin hamada, makiyaya, gandun daji. Babban yanayin shine kasancewar tafki a kusa. Ba zancen jika mayafin toads bane. Suna buƙatar ruwa don haifuwa. Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin fadama da tabkuna.
Yayin lokacin saduwa karar amon toka wani lokacin yakan zama kamar birgima. Tsoffin amphibians na iya firgita da shrilly. Kwarwar kwadi, irin na kwadi, ba safai kuma ke cikin ƙaramar murya ba; Yunkurin toads, irin na kwadi, ba safai kuma yake cikin ƙaramin sauti ba.
Nau'o'in toads na ƙasa
Daga kusan nau'ikan toads 600 na ƙasa a cikin Rasha, 6. Jerin ya buɗe tare da na talakawa. Hakanan ana kiranta sulfur. Cikin ciki na amphibian ya haskaka. Bayan dutsen toda launin toka ne mai duhu.
Tsawon toad na gama gari bai wuce santimita 7 ba. Faɗin jiki ya kai 12. Kuna iya ganin dabba a Asiya ta Tsakiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Baya ga ɗawainiyar ƙasa ta ƙasa a cikin jerin jinsunan Rasha:
1. Gabas mai nisa... Ita, kamar launin toka, tana da idanun lemo. Koyaya, canza launin toad na Far Eastern ya bambanta. A bangon fari, akwai tabon sautin tubali da alamun baƙi. Yankunan Gabas da ke Gabas suna rayuwa a cikin makiyaya da ruwa mai dausayi, dazuzzuka masu inuwa.
Akwai su da yawa a kan Sakhalin, kusa da gabar gabashin Rasha. A waje da kan iyakokinta, jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a cikin PRC da Koriya.
2. Koren... Hakanan an gano shi, amma alamun suna da kore kuma sun fi na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Zanen ya yi kyau. Bayan fage haske ne mai launin toka. Hakanan dige na lemu suna warwatse a baya. Launin launi yayi kama da buga kamanni.
Ana samun koren toda a tsakiyar Rasha a cikin wuraren kiwo da ambaliyar ruwa da kuma yankunan fadama.
3. Mongoliyanci... Wannan toad din shine mai toka-zaitun. Greenish aibobi. Suna da girma dabam. Cikin ciki haske. Garkuwa da namiji na yin spiny. Yawan fatar mata na santsi. Wakilan jinsunan suna zaune a yammacin kasar.
4. Caucasian... Ya yi launin ruwan kasa kuma ya fi girma fiye da sauran toads na ƙasa na Rasha, ya kai tsawon santimita 13. Daga sunan yankin da amphibians suke rayuwa bayyananne. A cikin duwatsu na Caucasus, toads suna haɗuwa zuwa kogunan da ke da ruwa.
5. Reed... Mai kama da kore, amma ƙarami. Launi na tabo na toad yana da haske. Maimakon ɗigon ruwan lemo a baya - launin ruwan kasa. Reed toads na gab da ƙarewa. Idan kun yi sa'a, ana iya samun wakilan nau'in a cikin yankin Kaliningrad.
Ana ƙara wasu kwaɗi zuwa toads na ƙasa na gaskiya. A kusan rabin yarukan, ba a rarrabewa tsakanin ra'ayoyi. Don haka, baƙar fata baƙar fata a Afirka duka biyu ne adanƙarar baƙin yumbu... Gaban bakinta ya sauka. Wannan ya sa dabbar ta bayyana da bakin ciki. Jikin amphibian yana kumbura koyaushe.
Hakikanin toads na waje na Rasha sun haɗa da, misali, ɗan itacen Pine na Amurka da wasan kurket. Na ƙarshe shine rawaya-kore. Wannan shine babban sautin. Zane - launin ruwan kasa-baki. Ciki da tok na kirim mai tsami ne, kuma wuya a cikin mata fari ne kuma baƙi a cikin maza.
Toad-da-kai da toho ya fi girma da girma sau 3, kuma ya kai tsawon santimita 11. Sunan jinsin saboda sanannen rami da ke kusa da idanu. Gananan fitowar suna tsaye tsawon lokaci. Wakilan jinsunan suna da launi daban-daban, amma warts a jiki koyaushe suna da haske ko duhu fiye da ainihin sautin.
Babban toad a duniya, Bloomberg, yana zaune a wajen Rasha. Ana samun wakilan nau'in a cikin Colombia, a cikin yankin Ecuador. A can, toads ya kai santimita 30 a tsayi. Ofasan jikin dabbar mai launin ruwan hoda ne, kuma saman launuka ne mai ɗanyen ciyawa.
Bloomberg tsohuwar lambar ita ce maharba ta Kihansi. Tsawon jikin wannan toad din bai wuce santimita 2 ba. Wannan shine iyakar maza. Saki ya fi centimita ɗaya girma. Koyaya, jinsunan kansu 'yan toads kaɗan ne. Dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin Tanzania. Akwai ruwan Kihansi. Amphibians sunaye don girmamawarsa. A tarihi suna rayuwa ne a hekta 2 a gindin ruwan.
A ƙarshen babin, mun ambaci toad yeah. Ita ce mafi yawan guba a cikin iyali. A cikin girma, manyan agi kawai santimita 2-4 basu fi ƙasa da Bloomberg ba. Toad dafin an samar da shi ta hanyar gland a cikin jiki. Mafi girma suna kan kai.
Guba ta harba akan mai laifin. Guba ya ratsa fata. Saboda haka, yana da haɗari riƙe aga a hannuwanku. 'Yan damfara da suka ciji wani dan amshi sun mutu a cikin' yan mintuna. Guba tana toshe aikin zuciya.
A waje, an rarrabe aha ta kasancewar jijiyoyin wuya masu rauni a baya, gabar jiki. Haka kuma dabbar tana da fatar fata fiye da sauran toads. Fashin ido na sama na aga yana da iyaka ta hanyar yaduwar jini na musamman. Launin zafin toda launin toka-ruwan kasa ne masu duhu a samansa. Alamomin sun fi girma a baya kuma sun fi girma a ƙananan jiki.
Abincin dabbobi
Me toad na ƙasa ya ci bangare ya dogara da inda yake zaune. Ya taƙaita abincin tare da tushen furotin na 100%. Toads baya cin abincin tsire. Farashi yana iyakance ga cin tsutsotsi da kwari.
Banda shine abincin agi. Saboda guba, amphibian kuma tana sarrafa cutar kananan tsuntsaye, beraye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
A cikin faɗin Rasha, toads suna cin abinci mafi yawa, tururuwa, kunnuwa, slugs, caterpillars, danna ƙwaro, sauro. Mafi yawa a cikin jerin kwari ne. saboda haka toad na ƙasa a gonar ko a ƙasar noma yana da amfani.
Koyaya, ba safai ake ganin amphibians a can tare da buɗe hannu ba. Labari ne game da sanannun imani. Wasu sunyi imanin cewa sun mallaki wartsinta a lokacin taɓa dabba. Sauran sun gaskata cewa toads suna wakiltar ƙarfin duhu. Wasu kuma suna danganta jarumar labarin da mutuwa.
A cikin adalci, mun lura cewa akwai kuma kyakkyawar fassara game da hoton ƙwarjin ƙasa. Misali a China, ita alama ce ta dukiya. Mutanen Celtic suna kiran toad ubangijin duniya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Amsar tambayar, yadda irin toads yumbu yake a cikin Rasha, ba shi da tabbas - hadi na waje. Ana sakin kwai a wajen jiki. Can namiji yake taki. Qwai daga toads sune ƙwai. Matan ta suna kwance a cikin tafki. Maza maza suna takin ƙwai a wurin.
Puddles, kududdufai, ramuka, rafin kogi an zaɓi su a matsayin matattarar ruwa don haifar da toads. A wajen Rasha, akwai jinsunan da ke yin ƙwai a cikin hanzari. A wannan yanayin, an shirya tadpoles tare da masu shayarwa. Suna nan akan ciki. Tare da taimakon masu shayarwa, an ɗora tadpoles akan algae, duwatsu na ƙasa, snags
Kasashen waje, akwai kuma toads na ƙasa waɗanda suka ɓuya a wajen jikin ruwa. Wakilan jinsunan Filipino suna gano ƙwai a cikin axils na ganyen itace. Toads suna ɗaukar koren a tsawan mita da yawa.
Banda tsakanin toads kuma sune waɗanda suke amfani da zagayen hadi na ciki. Waɗannan nau'ikan halittu ne masu rayar rai. Qwairsu suna bunkasa cikin narkakken oviducts. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa duk ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙanƙanana karami ne, a tsayi basu wuce santimita 3 ba.
Har yaushe raƙuman ƙasa suke rayuwa kuma ya dogara da nau'in. Iyakar mafi yawa shine shekaru 25, tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 5. Koyaya, wakilan manyan nau'in sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 36.
Yadda za a rabu da toad na ƙasa
Cin kwari, toads baya kyamar warin wari kuma baya jin tsoron launuka masu banbanci. Tsuntsaye masu ganima suna watsi dasu. Saboda haka akwai daga amfanin ƙasa na ƙasa Cutar ko amphibians basa lalata gonar. Amma saboda fa'idodin su, yawancin nau'in toads sun zauna a duniya.
Don haka ee, alal misali, na isa Ostiraliya da Tsibirin Hawaiian. An saki mazaunan ƙarshe cikin filayen tare da ciyayi. Cikin hanzari ya lalata kwari da sauri, yana adana amfanin gona.
Duk da fa'idar jarumar labarin, dayawa suna tunani yadda za a rabu da ɗan todin ƙasa... Labari ne game da imani, ra'ayoyi na yau da kullun da kuma ƙyamar amphibians kawai. Daga cikin hanyoyin cire toads sune:
- kiyaye kaji wanda zai ci amphibians
- share yankin da matattun ganye, allon, baƙi da sauran wuraren da toya ke iya ɓoyewa
- yankan ciyawa lokaci-lokaci da ake buƙata don toads don inuwa da tsari
Abinda kawai, a gaskiya, toads ke cutar da lambunan kayan lambu - burrows. Yin su don tsari, amphibians na iya taɓa tushen tsirrai. Wasu lambu suna korafin cewa cucumber da tumatir a zahiri sun gaza. Koyaya, don irin wannan sakamakon, dole ne a sami toads da yawa. Sau da yawa, mutane ƙalilan ne ke rayuwa a kan rukunin yanar gizo.
