Bayani da fasali
Wannan kwaro mai ban mamaki na tsarin Coleoptera ne. Irin waɗannan halittu sun sami suna ne saboda ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunar su ga itace, wanda yawanci yakan zama gidan su. Kuma suna ciyar da shi, wanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga duk sararin da ke kewaye, musamman ga gine-gine da dukiyoyin mutane.
Katako irin ƙwaro - wata halitta mai fannoni daban-daban wacce ta bazu a kusan koina, banda watakila yankuna mafiya sanyi a duniya. Wani bangare mai ban sha'awa da sananne sosai na bayyanar shi shine babban gashin baki, wanda tsawon sa ya wuce girman jikin sa, wani lokacin sau da yawa.
Jiki na kwari siriri, tsawaita. Zai iya zama baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi. A dabi'a, akwai kuma launin toka-mai shuɗi, shuɗi mai rawaya kuma fari fari. Akwai samfuran da ke da launi mai launi tare da ƙari na inuwar ƙarfe ko lu'u-lu'u.
Za a iya yin ado da ɓangaren sama na waɗannan halittun tare da abin ado mai ban sha'awa; suna iya ficewa tare da yin ɗamara da launuka masu launuka da yawa, makada da tabo. Duk siffofin bayyanar waje za a iya la'akari da su katako irin ƙwaro a kan hoton.
Wannan halittar ma tana da fuka-fukai, wanda a wasu lokuta na iya zama mai matukar amfani, saboda wasu nau'ikan irin wadannan beetes din halittarsu na da ikon tashi. Gaskiya ne, ba kowa ne ya sami nasarar motsawa cikin sauri ba, a sauƙaƙe kuma kyakkyawa a cikin iska, musamman manyan samfuran shahararru ne a irin waɗannan lokutan saboda tsananin damuwarsu.
Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe mace daga halittun da aka bayyana daga namiji. Latterarshen ƙarshen galibi ƙananan ƙarami ne. Kuma manyan mata ma ana rarrabe su da launuka masu haske na jiki da kuma ƙamshi mai mahimmanci.
Yawancin nau'ikan irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin an ba su ikon da ba shi da daɗin yin kururuwa, kaɗan-saƙo mai ƙarfi sakamakon rikicewar sassa daban-daban na jikin wannan ƙwarin. Wasu lokuta waɗannan sautunan ba haɗari ba ne, amma irin waɗannan halittu ne ke sake su musamman.
Yawancin masu satar katako na iya samun gashin baki fiye da tsayin jikin ƙwaro.
Ta wannan hanyar, suna tsoratar da magabtansu, kuma a wasu lokuta yana zama alama ce ta barazanar kafin hari.
Irin
Irin waɗannan beetles ana kiransu da suna barbel a wata hanyar. Iyalin suna guda, wanda aka zaba su, kamar yadda yakan faru a cikin kwari, suna da yawa kuma suna da kusan dubu ashirin.
Membobinta sun bambanta da girma, launi, wasu siffofin kamanni da halaye. Girman irin ƙwaro ɗin nan ya bambanta da yawa. Mafi yawan ƙananan samfuran suna haɗuwa da yanayi.
Tsawon jikinsu yawanci baya wuce 30 mm. Koyaya, akwai manyan nau'in. Wasu daga cikinsu ya kamata a ambata musamman.
Jinsi na katako na iya bambanta da girman jiki da launi.
- Titan katako mai ƙwanƙwasa dama daga cikin manyan kwari a duniya. Akwai sanannun lokuta lokacin da waɗannan halittu suka girma zuwa girman kimanin cm 22. Gaskiya ne, yawancin waɗannan halittun suna da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan.
Sun samo asali ne musamman a yankunan Kudancin Amurka. Waɗannan halittu suna da ban mamaki ƙwarai da gaske cewa masu tarawa suna farautar su da tsattsauran ra'ayi, suna ba da farashin rikodin don samfuran ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa.
Gaskiya ne, yana yiwuwa a nemo da kama irin waɗannan ƙwaro a cikin dare kawai. A wannan lokacin ne suke barin maboyarsu, waɗanda suke cikin ruɓaɓɓen zantuka da kututture ko ƙarƙashin matattarar busassun ganye, don yin yawo. Zasu iya tashi, kuma mazan wadannan kwari sun shahara da gwagwarmaya da kwaroyen mata a lokacin kiwo.
Koyaya, sauran lokaci - waɗannan sune halittun da suka fi kowa nutsuwa kuma basu da wata illa.
Titan ita ce babbar ƙwaro ba kawai a cikin dangin katako ba, har ma daga cikin ƙwaro a duniya
- Babban mai yanke haƙori - mazaunin ƙasashen Brazil. Girman irin waɗannan ƙwaro shine, watakila, bai ƙasa da na jinsunan da suka gabata ba, wataƙila ɗan kaɗan ne. An yi amannar cewa irin waɗannan halittun ba su taɓa canzawa cikin ƙarnuka miliyan da suka gabata ba.
Suna da shimfidadden shimfidadden jiki wanda aka lullube da fata mai ruwan kasa mai laushi. Eriyar eriyar wannan halittar, ba kamar sauran dangi ba, karama ce. An yi ado da elytra tare da yanayin sihiri.
Wannan kwaro ya shahara musamman saboda kwarjinin sa mai kama da kaho, wanda irin wadannan halittu suka sami lakanin kaho. Koyaya, bari mu bayyana cewa waɗannan ba ƙaho bane kwata-kwata, amma na'urori ne don niƙa abinci mai ƙarfi wanda yake da haƙori.
Mantocin Bigtooth sun fi kama da ƙaho irin na ƙwaro
- Kafinta irin ƙwaro da aka sani a matsayin mafi girma a cikin yankin Turai kuma ya kai girman cm 6. Ana ɗaukarsa mummunan kwaro ne na gine-ginen katako da conifers. Amma saboda sare bishiyoyi, irin wadannan halittun da kansu sun sami kansu cikin kunci.
A saboda wannan dalili, an ayyana nau'ikan nau'ikan kuma yanzu, duk da siffofinsu masu banƙyama, ana ɗaukar matakan kare waɗannan halittu.
- Ussuriysk rebel barbel daga dangin ta, mafi girman samfurin da ke zaune a Tarayyar Rasha (galibi irin waɗannan kwari ana samun su a cikin Far East). Irin ƙwaro yana alfahari da tsawon kusan cm 11. Kamar ire-iren da suka gabata, ana kuma ɗaukarsa ba safai ba kuma kariya.
Relic lumberjack wanda ba a daɗe da kariya ba
Daga cikin wakilan wannan dangi, mutum na iya warewa, duk da cewa ba shi da girma, amma har yanzu wakilai masu ban sha'awa ne. Dukansu suna da halaye daban-daban na mutum. Kuma yana da hankali a ambaci musamman biyun masu zuwa.
- Gaggan Alpine yana da tsayi kusan 25 mm kawai, amma ya yi fice a tsakanin danginsa don kyawunsa. Wadannan beetles suna da kyau sosai. Bluish ko launuka masu launin toka mai haske na kayan jikinsu an haɗe su da adon baki mai ƙanshi a jiki.
Dogayen eriya suna da launi iri ɗaya. Irin ƙwaro yana rayuwa a yammacin Turai, ana samunsa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma ana yawan samunsa a Kazakhstan da Georgia, da wasu ƙasashe maƙwabta.
Dogayen dogayen Alpine suna da launi mai kyau ba kawai na jiki ba, har ma na eriya
- Bakin katako a girma, musamman idan aka kwatanta shi da na sama, ƙananan ƙananan iri ne. A matsakaici, yana da girman kusan 14 mm. A yankin Turai, wannan kwaron ya bazu fiye da yaduwa; an kuma gabatar da shi sau ɗaya zuwa wasu nahiyoyi.
Ana daukar kwaron a matsayin mummunan kwaro da lalata gandun daji da itace. Zai iya barin tsutsa har ma a cikin ɓoyayyun sandunan telegraph, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga lalata su.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Don tambaya: inda katako mai ƙwaro yake zaune, amsar bata da wahala. Zai iya samun tushe a duniya duk inda akwai itace kuma aƙalla wasu yanayin rayuwa masu haƙuri. Irin wannan beetles ana kiwon su a cikin nau'in bishiyoyi daban-daban, amma musamman conifers suna girmama su. Hakanan zasu iya rayuwa a cikin shrubs, wani lokacin a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Wadannan kwari ba ruwansu da bishiyar rayuwa kawai ke jawo su. Matsalar ita ce idan sun bayyana a cikin gidan mutum ko a dacha. Irin waɗannan kwari suna iya haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyara su ba ga gine-ginen mutane kuma, a zahiri, ga duk abin da aka yi da itace.
Zasu rusa katakon bene, kayan daki, katakon katako, katakai da bangarori, katako na bango da labulen taga. Amma don rayuwa da lafiyar masu su, waɗannan ƙananan pan wasa ba sa haifar da haɗari, kawai don dukiyoyin su.
Lumberjack beetle larvae na iya lalata dukiyar ɗan adam da aka yi da itace
Muhimmin aikin irin waɗannan kwari ya dogara kai tsaye ga abubuwan da ke kewaye da su: wurin da samuwar su ke faruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi, kuma mafi mahimmanci, akan ingancin abincin da wannan ko waccan jinsin ke son ci.
Wasu daga cikinsu suna fuskantar haɗarin barin mafakarsu kawai a cikin rufin dare. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan ƙwaro waɗanda ke son yin liyafa a kan furannin fure. Saboda wannan, yawanci suna aiki a rana. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan tashi suna nuna karfin gwiwa na dogon jirgin sama.
A wasu nau'ikan, wannan nau'in motsi ya fi dacewa ga mata, yayin da a wasu, akasin haka, maza ne kawai suka shahara don tashi.
Gina Jiki
Ya rigaya ya bayyana a sarari cewa abincin irin waɗannan kwari yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da bishiyoyi, mafi yawan lokuta shine allurai. Mai iyawa ƙwaro barber katako kuma suna ciyar da itacen fure da ganyaye. Koyaya, yawancin ya dogara da mazaunin irin waɗannan kwari kuma, kamar yadda za'a iya kammala shi daga sama, akan nau'ikan.
Sau da yawa sunan wakilan wasu jinsin yana magana sosai game da fifikon wadannan halittu. Misali, ƙwarin ƙwaro yana son cin abinci a kan haushi. Amma da yake shi mai kwarjini ne, sai ya zaɓi abinci mai ɗanɗano, yana cin ƙananan twan itace da rashin haƙuri.
Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa abubuwan da ƙwaro ke samu akan irin wannan abincin yana da fa'ida ga samuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka girma a jikin irin waɗannan kwari. Da kyau, mai katako gidan yana son zama a cikin gidajen mutane kuma yana basu isasshen matsala, suna shayarwa da itacen gida.
Hakanan akwai wasu nau'ikan da ba su da illa irin wannan beetles, suna ciyar da itacen itacen itace da filawar tsiron fure. Kuma wasu nau'ikan wadannan kwari a cikin yanayin girma sun ki yarda da abinci.
Wadannan sun hada da titanium barbel. Ga mutanen da aka samar, ajiyar da suka samu ta hanyar kayan abinci a matakin larva yawanci ya wadatar. Su kansu, sun isa balaga, basu wuce weeksan makonni kaɗan ba kuma dalilin wanzuwar su kawai kawai don cika rawar haifuwarsu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Bewaro mata na neman wurin kwanciya da kulawa ta musamman. Bayan duk wannan, wannan ba gida ne kawai ga zuriyarsu ba, har ma tushen abinci ne na gaba ga yara. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ƙananan fashewar itace suna zama irin wannan keɓaɓɓen wuri.
Daga conifers, ana ba da fifiko ga itacen al'ul na Turai, da ƙyar, fararen fir ko pine. Ire-iren wadannan kwari suna gano shuke-shuke iri-iri ta hanyar kamshi, kuma kyawawan kamshi masu kamshi suna da kyau musamman a garesu.
Adadin ƙwai irin waɗannan kwari, wanda mutum ɗaya ya ɗora, yana da girma kuma galibi yakan kai ɗari huɗu. Yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu kuma ana haifar ƙwarin daga gare su. Mafi sau da yawa suna da fari.
Wannan kallon mai rikitarwa, mai kama da tsutsotsi, yanada matukar wahala. Samun muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ba kawai don abinci ba, har ma don yin wurare da yawa a cikin katako, irin waɗannan rayayyun halittu suna da ikon yin motsi daga wurin da aka cinye komai zuwa sabon tushen abinci.
Don kwanciya larvae, masu katse katako sun fi jan hankalin conifers
Don wannan katako mai kama da katako kumburi na musamman suna da amfani ƙwarai, waɗanda suke da su a maimakon ƙafafu.
Jin sha'awar waɗannan halittu ba kyau kawai ba, yana da ban tsoro a kowace ma'ana. Sabili da haka, ba da daɗewa ba daga tsarin katako, inda ƙwayoyin ƙwaro irin na bazata suka sake, ƙura ne kawai zai iya zama. Monananan dodanni suna yin aikinsu a hankali amma tabbas.
Har tsawon yini guda, suna samun ci gaba kaɗan kawai. Amma a tsawon rayuwarsa, tsutsa na iya haƙa ramuka, tsawonta ya kai kimanin kilomita 40.
Tsutsa suna rayuwa fiye da shekara guda. Idan sun kasance pupate ta hunturu, to manya daga pupae zasu bayyana ne kawai a shekara mai zuwa, a bazara. Dukan tsarin girma, daga tsirowa zuwa girma, na iya ɗaukar shekara biyu.
Wasu larvae, kasancewar suna cikin zurfin wurare masu jin daɗi kuma ana samun cikakkiyar kariya, suna samun damar wanzuwa aƙalla shekaru goma, wani lokacin ma fiye da haka.
Kasancewa mai yawan kuzari, larvae na katako na iya lalata bishiyar gaba ɗaya, a hankali ta juya shi zuwa ƙura
Amma bayan lokacin tsutsa, shekarun wadannan kwari ya zo karshe. Bayan haka, alal misali, ƙwarƙwarar ƙwarƙwara mace mai girma ba ta da kwanaki 25 a cikin yanayi.
Yadda ake fada
Matakan kariya suna taimakawa hana narkar da waɗannan kwari a cikin katako. Da farko dai, dole ne dakin da kayan kayayyakin katako ya zama bushe, domin danshi ne ke inganta yaduwar wadannan kwari.
Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa allon da aka yi kayan ɗaki da gine-gine sun riga sun kamu da ƙwayoyin wannan ƙwaro. Ana iya nuna alamun wanzuwa ta gaban hanyoyi masu juyawa, kazalika da garin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa-tozartar mahimmancin ayyukansu.
Ko da kullun ana jinsa sau da yawa, kuma ana fitar da wani ruwa mai ruwan kasa mai daɗi, ƙanshi da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi daga itacen. A matsayin ma'auni na kariya, magungunan kwari da ake amfani dasu don magance itace suna da matukar taimako.
Lumberjack grubs na iya girma cikin kayan itace mai ƙanshi
Amma idan ba zai yiwu a hana haɗarin cikin lokaci ba, yadda ake mu'amala da irin katako a wannan yanayin? Maganin gishirin talaka wanda aka shafa akan farfajiyar ya shafa na iya taimakawa wajen kawar da wannan cutar.
Gaskiya ne, a yanayin da itacen ba ya cikin mafaka, amma a cikin sarari, wannan hanyar ba ta da tasiri musamman, saboda ruwan gishiri yana iya wanke gishirin a sauƙaƙe. Hakanan zaka iya gwada abun da ke cikin naphthalene, black carbolic acid da resin.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan ana ɗauke su daidai gwargwado, gauraye kuma ana shafa su a saman katako.
