Murna daga oda kaji. Koyaya, sabanin kajin gida, kayan alatu ba sa yin kama a cikin fursuna. Mafi dacewa, tsuntsaye suna yin ƙwai, ƙin ƙyanƙyashewa. Wannan ya samar da wata hanya ga manoma. Adana kayan hazel, suna kwanda ƙwai a kan kaji na kowa. Layer ba su lura da canjin ba. Koyaya, galibi ana samun kayan alatu a cikin daji, ana ɗaukarsu kyauta ce mai kishi ga mafarauta.
Bayani da siffofin hazel grouse
Hazel grouse - tsuntsu mai hankali, mai jin kunya. Ayyuka masu mahimmanci suna haɗuwa da ƙwarewar gani da ji. Samun kusa da hazel grouse a nesa nesa aiki ne mai wahala. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar kajin daji a matsayin kyauta mai cancanta. Ba kawai mai daɗi bane, amma kuma yana da daɗi.
Naman Hazel grouse yana cike da sunadarai da kitse daidai gwargwado. A lokaci guda, akwai kilocares 250 kawai cikin gram 100 na samfurin. Dandanon nama yana da daci, an hada shi da kamshin kamshi.
Launin hazel grouse yana ba shi sauƙin sauya kamanni a cikin dusar bishiyoyi
Bayyanar hazel grouse yana da halin:
1. Karamin girma. Daga cikin kaji, tsuntsu shine mafi karami, yana samun nauyin da bai wuce rabin kilo ba.
Akwai tatsuniya cewa da zarar gandun daji sun girgiza lokacin da katuwar gandu ta tashi. Dabbobin sun gudu daga gare shi cikin tsoro. Allah yasa mu fahimci matsalar. Grouse ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da yanayi, ya ce bai yi farin ciki da girmansa ba. Daga nan sai Allah ya ba da shawarar a raba farin naman kato a cikin duka masu kama da kaza. A sakamakon haka, hazel grouse ya sami mafi ƙarancin duka.
Koyaya, koda kasancewa ƙarami ne, gashin fuka-fukan yana sarrafa tsawa yayin tashi.
2. Tsawon jiki har zuwa santimita 40.
3. Lumbu daban-daban, wanda launin baki, fari, launin toka, ja, launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Akwai jajayen tabo a idanun. Haskewa a cikin idanu. Saboda haka sunan Rasha don tsuntsu.
Sunan duniya na Latin mai gashin tsuntsu shine Bonasa bonasia. A ƙarƙashin wannan suna, ana yin hazel grouse a cikin Red Book. Raguwar gandun daji da mafarauta "sun rusa" yawan nau'in.
4. Matsakaici ya bayyana dimorphism na jima'i. Maza suna da jan launi sama da idanuwa, akwai tabo mai ɗanɗano a baki da kuma ɗanɗano a kan rawanin. Mazajen maza sun fi mata nauyin gram 100. Latterarshen suna da tabo baƙar fata akan maƙogwaro. An hana maza daga gare ta.
5. Girman gini. Kan yana da kankanta. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda bambance-bambancen, inda jiki mai danshi ke jan hankali zuwa kanta.
6. Gajere, mai ƙarfi, ɗan lanƙwasa baki mai kaifi.
7. Gefen Corneous a gajeru, masu yatsun kafa huɗu.
Hazel grouse a cikin hotonna iya zama daban. Nunin launi, wurin mottles ya dogara da yankin da tsuntsun yake zaune. Aikinta shine suturta kanta, don zama bayyane a cikin yanayin ƙasa.
Maza sun fi jan launi fiye da mata
Nau'in hazel grouse
Bayanin hazel grouse wani bangare ya dogara da nau'in tsuntsu. Masu lura da tsuntsaye sun kirga nau'ikan 14 na gwarzon labarin. Mafi mahimmanci sune:
1. Talakawa. Wanda bayanin sa ya fito bisa bukata "hazel grouse". Wani lokaci nau'in yana rayuwa a Siberia. Saboda haka suna na biyu - Siberian. Koyaya, yawancin jama'a sun zauna a Arewacin Turai.
2. Kwala. Wannan wani nau'in Arewacin Amurka ne wanda ke zaune a dazukan tundra a gefen teku. An bambanta tsuntsaye a can ta baya mai launin ruwan kasa da ciki mai rawaya. Nau'o'in fuka-fukai sune mafi girma a cikin kayan alatu, suna samun nauyin gram 800.
A cikin hoton abin wuya hazel grouse
3. Severtsov. An rarraba shi a kudu maso gabashin PRC da Tibet. An buɗe ra'ayi a ƙarni na 19. Severtsov's hazel grouse ya bambanta da yadda ya saba a cikin duhun duhu.
Ari, ƙasa da na kowa nau'in hazel grouse:
- Amur (gilacorum) tare da ƙarshen oche na gashin fuka-fuka da yalwar launin ruwan kasa
- Kolyma (kolymensis), wanda a cikin metatarsus yake da gashin fuka-fukai, an taƙaita yatsun hannu, fararen launi "ya fito" daga layu zuwa farfajiyar da ake gani
- mai tsayi (syriacus), wanda yake babba kuma yana da alamar jan baya, goiter
- Altai (sepentrionalis) tare da bayan-ash-kasa-kasa da gefuna mafi sauƙaƙa na gashin gashin kafaɗa
- Volga (ƙima) tare da jikin sama mai launin ruwan kasa-ja, mai ƙwanƙwasa tare da ratsi mai raɗaɗi
- Polissya (grassmanni), kusan daidai yake da yankin Volga, amma wuta
- Turai ta Tsakiya (supestris), wanda ke da alamar launin ruwan kasa da farin ciki a kan bangon gefen jan launi
- Sakhalin (yamashinai) tare da mafi ƙarancin jan toka da kunkuntar wuyan farin launi, ba ya kai ga iyakar makogwaron makogwaro
- Jafananci (vicinitas), wanda ke zaune a tsaunukan Hokkaido kuma ya banbanta da furannin ocher akan fararen saman gashin fuka-fukin
- Ussurian (ussuriensus), mazajensu suna tsananin ruɗuwa a bayansu kuma kusan babu fararen yankuna akan fuka-fukan jirgin
- Scandinavian (bonasia), wanda fararen gefuna na magoya bayan kafaɗa ba su da ƙarfi, amma layin da ya karye
Kowane yanki yana da bambancin yanki-yanki. Masu lura da tsuntsaye suna kiran wannan bambancin asibiti. A takaice dai, babu wasu iyakoki daban daban. Wani nau'i yana gudana cikin ɗayan. A lokaci guda, akwai wasu alamu. Don haka, Hazel grouse girman a hankali yana ƙaruwa daga gabas zuwa yamma, kuma launi ya zama mai duhu.
Tsarin tsuntsaye da mazauninsu
Grouse - hunturu tsuntsaye... Hakanan ana rarrabe tsuntsayen ta yadda suke dagewa wajen zabar abokin zama. Ma'aurata an halicce su sau ɗaya kuma ga dukkan rayuwa. Mutuwar abokin tarayya alama ce ta juyayi shekara-shekara. Sannan za'a zabi sabbin ma'aurata. Idan mace wacce ta yi ƙwai ta mutu, namiji yana ci gaba da kula da zuriyar.
Masu yawan kadarori suna rayuwa nesa da sauran kayan masarufi na Hazel. Mutane na gida ɗaya suna rayuwa cikin biyu ko tare da kajin. Tsuntsayen suna ciyarwa daban, amma suna iyo tare. Maimakon ruwa - yashi. Yana saukar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙazanta daga labulen. Saboda haka, koyaushe akwai yanki mai yashi kusa da gidan hazel grouse.
Kasancewar suna shan damuna a cikin mahaifarsu, sai manyan dabbobin gida na hazel suka sami damar ɓoyewa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Nitsar santimita 20 ya isa ya sa ku dumi, ya sami tsari daga iska kuma ya ɓoye daga masu farauta.
Kafin yanayin sanyi, lamuran suna yin kauri a cikin kayan masarufi kuma ƙananan da suka fito a ƙafafunsu. Suna taimaka wa tsuntsayen kada su zame.
Da yake mai jin kunya ne, kayan gogewa suna tashi sama cikin firgici, "jin" haɗari. Bayan sun tashi sama da mita 3-5, tsuntsayen suna nitsuwa a jikin bishiyar mafi kusa, suna ɓoye a cikin rawaninta. Ko da ma gogaggun mafarauta ba koyaushe za su iya lura da tsuntsun da ya ɓuya a can ba.
A lokacin hunturu, kayan gogewa na iya kwana daidai cikin dusar ƙanƙara
Tunda hazel grouse yana buƙatar bishiyoyi don ɓoyewa, to tsuntsun ya sauka a cikin dazuzzuka, ya fi son kurame, gauraye. Tsuntsayen suna zaɓar yankuna masu ɗimbin yawa. An fi son fashewar iska.
A ciki, hazel grouses suna ɓoye da gina sheƙuna. Suna buƙatar ruwa su sha, don haka tsuntsaye suna zaɓar wuraren da ke kusa da ƙananan rafuka, ko kwazazzabai masu ambaliyar ruwa.
Daga cikin jinsunan bishiyoyi, kayan masarufi na fi son spruce. Yakamata su kasance cikin rinjaye. An zaɓi Birch, alder da aspen a matsayin haɗuwa a cikin coniferous massif.
Kasancewa mai kamar kaza, jarumin labarin ya fi son motsi a ƙasa. Wataƙila rashin son sama shine amsar tambayar, Hazel grouse wane tsuntsu ne yake ƙaura ko a'a... Saboda wahalar dagawa zuwa sama yasa mai gashin fuka fukai yake yin sautin, yana tsoratar da kowa. Sauran lokacin hazel grouse yana da nutsuwa.
Ana jin ƙarar bushewa kawai a cikin bazara, yayin lokacin saduwa. Muryar amo m, m
Saurari muryar hazel grouse
Grouse na tashi da wahala saboda girman jikinsa da gajerun fikafikansa. Fuka mai fukai yana jin ƙarin kwanciyar hankali a ƙasa, yana gudu da sauri. Legsarfi, ƙafafun tsoka suna ba ka damar haɓaka saurin. A kan su, manyan hazel suna rufe kilomita. Tsuntsu na iya tashi a aƙalla mita 300-400.
Yana da wahala ga kayan hazel su cire, amma suna tafiya daidai
Yawancin lokaci, mai gashin tsuntsu yana iyakance ne zuwa hawa reshen bishiyar da ke kwance a kwance. A can ne hazel grouse ke kwana. Lokacin hutu ne Tsuntsu yana ciyarwa da safe ko yamma.
Cikakken abinci
Abincin babban abincin hazel ya dogara da yanayi. A lokacin rani, tsuntsaye suna cin abinci mai gina jiki, cin naman ƙwaro, tururuwa, gizo-gizo, slugs. A lokacin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna canzawa zuwa tsarin abinci na tushen shuka. Hakanan yana dacewa a lokacin bazara. Koyaya, a lokacin dumi, abincin shuka shine kashi 40% na abincin kawai.
Daga abinci na tsire-tsire, kayan masaru na hango 'ya'yan itace, tsaba da ganye. Edgesananan gefan baki suna taimakawa wajen tsinke harbe-harben. Suna zahiri yanka ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Hadiyya da abinci gaba daya, kayan alatu na bukatar nika abincin da ake ci a ciki. Don wannan, tsuntsayen suna haɗiye ƙananan duwatsu. Fushin abinci a cikin ciki, suna fita da najasa. An fi son duwatsu masu lemun tsami. Suna narkewa, suna cinye jiki da alli. Kasusuwa, ƙyallen kwatangwalo, da kuma kumbun goro suna taimakawa wajen murƙushe abinci da hatsi.
Abincin hunturu na hazel grouse bashi da wadataccen abinci. A lokacin bazara, tsuntsu ya rasa nauyi. Wannan duk da cewa a cikin yanayin sanyi yawan abincin da ake ci a rana ya ninka noman rani sau 2-3.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Hutawa a cikin bishiyoyi, hazel grouse ya gina gida gida a ƙasa, yana ɓuya a cikin tarin itacen da ya mutu, tsakanin tushen, a cikin daji. A can suke tono ɓacin rai a cikin ƙasa kuma a jere su da ciyawa da ganye. Mace tana zaune akan ƙwai 5-7 na tsawon kwanaki 20-22. Namiji a wannan lokacin yana kiyaye dukiyar ma'aurata kuma yana kawo abinci ga ƙaunataccensa.
Bayan sun bushe bayan sun haihu, uwarsu tana kyankyasar da kawunansu a rana. A cikin haskenta, kayan hazel suna haɓaka, kamar yadda suke faɗa, ta hanyar tsalle da iyaka. Da shekara ɗaya da wata, yaran sun tashi, kuma a shekaru 2 sun zama masu cikakken 'yanci, sun bar iyayensu.
Grouse gida tare da kama
A shekara guda, kajin suna girma da jima'i. Don shekaru 8-10 na rayuwa, tsuntsaye suna da lokacin da zasu sa kwai sau 6-8. A cikin bauta, kayan ado na hazel suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru kamar yadda suke a cikin yanayin su.
