Savannah yana nufin wurare kamar steppes. Bambanci daga na karshen shine kasancewar wuraren da sukayi girma da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi marasa tsari. A cikin stepes na talakawa, ana samun tan katako da ciyawa kusa da ƙasa.
A cikin savannas, akwai ciyayi da yawa da yawa da suka miƙa kimanin mita. Tsarin halittu ya saba da ƙasashe masu zafi tare da shimfidar wuri mai tsafta da kuma yanayi mara kyau. Dabbobin da ke biye sun dace da waɗannan yanayin:
Kudancin Kudu
Ya kasu kashi biyu: kanana da babba. Na biyun yana zaune ne a cikin savannas na Afirka, wanda ya mamaye kusan rabin nahiya, ko'ina. Kuduananan kudu an iyakance ga Somalia, Kenya da Tanzania. Wannan shine inda bambance-bambance daga manyan nau'in ya ƙare.
Kuduananan da manyan kudu suna da launi iri ɗaya - shudin cakulan. Raɗaɗɗen ratsi a jiki farare ne. Kaho dabbobin savannah sa karkace A cikin manyan nau'in, sun kai mita ɗaya da rabi a tsayi. Kuduananan kudu yana cikin santimita 90.
Horahonin Kudu makami ne na yaƙe-yaƙe da kariya. Saboda haka, a lokacin saduwa, maza kan kauda kawunan su daga mata, ya zama ya zama gefen su. Don haka maza suna nuna zaman lafiya, halin soyayya.
Giwa
Savannah fauna bai san mafi girma ba. Koyaya, bayan lokaci, giwayen sun zama ƙarami. A karnin da ya gabata, mafarauta sun hallaka mutane da manyan hauren giwa. Waɗannan su ne manyan giwayen giwaye. Misali, a shekarar 1956, aka harbi wani namiji mai nauyin tan 11 a Angola. Tsayin dabbar ya kusan mita 4. Matsakaicin tsayin giwayen Afirka ya kai mita 3.
Koda giwar da aka haifa tana da nauyin kilogram 120. Ɗaukar kai yana kusan shekaru 2. Wannan rikodin ne tsakanin dabbobi ƙasar. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa kwakwalwar giwar tana da ban sha'awa, tana da nauyi fiye da kilo 5. Sabili da haka, giwaye suna da ikon son kai, tausayi, sun san yadda ake yin baƙin ciki, sauraren kiɗa da kayan kida, zane, ɗaukar goge a cikin akwatin.
Rakumin dawa
Ya zarce giwa a tsayi, ta kai kusan mita 7, amma ba ta da nauyi ba. Tsawon harshen rakumin daji shi kaɗai santimita 50. Wannan tsayin yana bawa dabbar damar fahimtar ganyen m daga saman rawanin bishiyar.
Wuyan ma yana taimakawa. Tsawonsa ya fi kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsayin raƙuman daji duka. Don aika jini zuwa "benaye masu hawa hawa masu tsawo", zuciyar mazaunin savannah ta ƙaru zuwa nauyin kilogram 12.
Dabbobin Savannah, a sauƙaƙe isa rawanin, amma kada ku kai ƙasa. Don sha, dole ne ku tanƙwara ƙafafunku na gaba.
Alfadari
Launi mai ban mamaki na ungola hanya ce ta kawar da hare-haren kudaje tsetse da sauran kwarkwata na savannah. Striaramar baki da fari suna nuna haske daban. Bambanci a cikin saurin zafin rana yana faruwa tsakanin layuka. Wannan, haɗe da bambanci, yana tsoratar da ƙudaje. A cikin duniyar kwari, dafi, nau'in haɗari masu launin zebra ne.
A cikin yawancin dabbobi masu launuka masu ban mamaki, an haifi ɗiyan a cikin launi ɗaya. Tsarin yana bayyana lokacin da zuriyar suka girma. An haifi zebra a lokaci daya. Siffar ta musamman ce, kamar zanan yatsan mutum.
Pink flamingo
Akwai nau'ikan 2 a Afirka: kanana da talakawa. Kamar dabbobin kudu, sun bambanta ne kawai a cikin girman. Kalmar Latin "flamingo" na nufin "wuta". Wannan nuni ne na launuka masu haske na tsuntsaye. Ana ɗaukar launin launi daga ɓawon burodin da tsuntsaye ke ci a kai.
Sabbin yaran flamingos fari ne ko kuma furfura. Aikin plumage yana cike da hoda da shekara 3. Wannan itace sandar balaga. Don sanya ƙwai, flamingos suna yin gida gida daga laka, wanda bai dace da bayyanar tsuntsaye ba.
Zaki
A duniyar zakuna, yawancin mutane dubu 50 sun rage. A karnin da ya gabata, an harbi wani namiji mai nauyin kilogiram 318. Tsawon cat ɗin ya kasance santimita 335. A wannan karnin, babu sauran irin wadannan gwarzayen. Matsakaicin nauyin zaki shine kilo 200.
Maza daga cikin jinsin suna da gogewar dalili. Yayin yaƙe-yaƙe na mata da yankuna, haƙoran abokan hamayya suna makale a ulu. Kari akan haka, ana kiyasta girman mangogin ta hanyar zakin mata yayin zabar abokan hulda. Menene dabbobi a cikin savannah ulu, matan jinsin sun fi so.
Kadafin Afirka
Kadarorin Afirka ana kiran su da kada. Koyaya, bisa ga rarrabuwar dabbobin, wannan nau'in 1 ne kawai daga 3 dake rayuwa a nahiyar. Hakanan akwai kada-baki da kunkuntun hanci. Wannan karshen yana da matukar damuwa ga Afirka, ba a samun sa a bayan iyakokin ta.
Daga cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, kadarorin an san sune mafi tsari. Masana kimiyya sun dogara da kammaluwar tsarin numfashi, da juyayi, da tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Kadarorin sun kusa kusan bacewa dinosaur da tsuntsayen zamani fiye da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe na wannan zamanin.
Karkanda
Karkanda - dabbobi savannah africa, na biyu a girman giwaye kawai. Tare da tsayin kusan mita 5 da tsayin mita 2, dabbar ta kai kimanin tan 4. Theaho a hanci na iya hawa santimita 150.
Akwai nau'ikan karkanda iri biyu a Afirka: fari da baki. Latterarshen yana da ƙaho 5. Na farko shine mafi girma, na baya suna ƙasa. Farin karkanda ba su da ƙaho sama da 3. Girma ne na fata wanda yayi kama da hooves a cikin tsari.
Shudayen shudi
Yawancin jinsuna, waɗanda aka rarraba ba kawai a cikin yankunan kariya na wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa ba. A bushe, dabbar daji ta kai mita daya da rabi. Nauyin ungulate ya kai kilo 270. Launi ya bambanta ba kawai a cikin shuɗin shuɗi ba, har ma a cikin ratsi mai duhu a gefen gaba na jiki.
Wildebeests suna yin ƙaura sau biyu a shekara. Dalilin kuwa shine neman ruwa da ciyayi masu dacewa. Wildebeests suna ciyarwa akan iyakantattun jerin tsire-tsire. Shafe su a wani yanki, dabbobin daji na rugawa zuwa wasu.
Mikiya Fisher
Yana da fararen farin kai da wuya, wanda ya shiga alwatika akan kirji da baya. Jikin gaggafa launin ruwan kasa ne. Bakin tsuntsun rawaya ne tare da yin duhu a karshen. Wsafafun angler ɗin kuma rawaya ne, masu fuka-fukai har zuwa sheki.
Gaggafa kamun kifi wani tsuntsu ne na yanki, wanda ke tabbatar da yankuna masu ƙarfi don kanta. Idan wata gaggafa ta faɗo a kan wurin kamun kifi, mummunan faɗa ya kan faru tsakanin tsuntsayen.
Cheetah
Yana hanzari zuwa kilomita 112 a kowace awa a cikin sakan 3. Irin wannan motsi yana buƙatar amfani da kuzari. Don cika su, damisar tana farauta. A zahiri, saboda neman farauta, dabbar ta sami saurin gaske. Anan ga irin wannan muguwar da'irar.
Rayuwar dabba ta Savannah za a iya katsewa bayan hare-hare guda 10 marasa nasara. A kan 11-12, a matsayin mai mulkin, babu sauran ƙarfin da ya rage. Masu farauta sun faɗo daga gajiya.
Dorina
Ana kuma kiran sa dusar ruwa. Wannan kalmar ta ƙunshi kalmomin Latin guda 2, waɗanda aka fassara da "dokin kogi". Wannan sunan yana nuna ƙaunar dabba ga ruwa. Hippos sun kutsa ciki, suna faɗawa cikin wani irin yanayi. Akwai kifin da ke karkashin ruwa wanda ke wanke bakin hippos, fatarsu.
Akwai matattarar ninkaya tsakanin yatsun dabbobi. Fat shima yana ba da gudummawa ga buoyancy. Hancin hancin ya rufe karkashin ruwa. Ana buƙatar inhalation kowane minti 5. Sabili da haka, hippos lokaci-lokaci suna ɗaga kawunansu sama da ruwa.
Bakin hippopotamus yana bude digiri 180. Thearfin cizon ya kai kilo 230. Wannan ya isa ya dauki ran kada. Tare da nama mai rarrafe, hippos yana ba da abinci ga ganye. Gaskiyar cewa hippos da nama suna ci shine binciken ƙarni na 21.
Buffalo
A cikin hoto, dabbobin savannah duba ban sha'awa. Ba abin mamaki bane, saboda tsayin bauna kusan mita 2 ne, kuma tsawon sa 3.5 ne. Mita na ƙarshen ya faɗi a kan wutsiya. Wasu mazan suna da nauyin tan. Matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogram 500-900. Mata sun fi na maza ƙanana.
Da alama dukkan bauna suna cikin baƙin ciki da faɗuwa. Wannan sakamakon kebantaccen tsari ne na rashin kulawa. Kan bauna yana ƙasan madaidaiciyar layin baya.
Damisa
Karami daga manyan kuliyoyi. Tsayin damisa a bushe bai wuce santimita 70 ba. Tsawon dabba ya kai mita 1.5. Adadin ruwan sama da ake buƙata don damisa don zama a cikin savanna kuma yana da ma'auni mai girma.
Kyanwar zata zauna a ciki ne kawai idan aƙalla aƙalla santimita 5 na ruwa ya faɗo daga sama a shekara. Koyaya, wannan adadin hazo yana faruwa koda a cikin hamada. Damisa ma suna zaune a wurin.
Launin damisar ya dogara da yanayin shimfidar wuri. A cikin savannah, kuliyoyi galibi orangey ne. A cikin jeji, dabbobin suna da yashi mai yashi.
Kyanwa
Misalin mazaunin gabashin Afirka. Dabbobin can sun saba da farauta tare. Kutsawa sun zama wadanda abin ya shafa. Birai suna fada domin ganima saboda basa son rabawa. Dole ne ku yi farauta tare, saboda in ba haka ba ba za a kashe mai unguwar ba.
Baboon suna da hankali, masu saukin kai. Tsoffin Masarawa ne suke amfani da wannan. Sun yi wa dabbobin kwando ta hanyar koya musu yadda za su tattara dabino daga gonaki.
Gazelle Grant
Savannah ciyawar dabbobi An jera shi a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya. Akwai kusan mutane dubu 250 a cikin jama'a. Mafi yawansu suna zaune ne a wuraren da aka kiyaye na wuraren shakatawa na Afirka.
Za'a iya gane yanayin ta launin launin shuɗi na ɗan gajeren gashi, farin ciki, yin duhu akan ƙafafu da alamun jini a fuska. Girman barewar bai wuce santimita 90 ba, kuma nauyinsa kilo 45 ne.
Thomson barewa yayi kama da barewar Grant. Koyaya, a farkon, ƙahonin suna da sifa iri-iri, kamar dai an haɗa su da zobba daban. A gindin bishiyoyin, yawansu ya fi girma. Tsawon ƙahonin yakai santimita 45-80.
Jimina ta Afirka
Tsuntsu mai tashi mita biyu da kilogram 150. Ta fi sauran tsuntsayen girma. Bayan rashin ikon tashi, jimina ta koyi gudu a gudun kilomita 70 cikin awa daya. Ba tare da birki ba, tsuntsu na iya sauya alkiblar motsi. Bugu da kari, jimina gani karara cikin sauri.
Jimina ba ta da hakora. Saboda haka, kamar kaza, tsuntsu yana haɗuwa da tsakuwa. Suna taimakawa wajen nika tsire-tsire da abinci mai gina jiki a ciki.
Oryx
Oryxes - dabbobin daji savanna, wanda aka haifa wa jarirai ƙaho. A cikin jarirai, ana kiyaye su ta jakunkunan fata. Yayin da oryx ke tsirowa, ƙahoni madaidaiciya suka ratsa su. Suna kama da na oryx na savannah. Akwai kuma nau’ikan larabawa da na Sahara. Waɗannan suna da ƙahonin da aka lanƙwasa ta baya.
Oryx dabbar Red Book ce. Savannah shine yafi kowa. Amma Sahara Oryx ta ƙarshe an gani ta kusan shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Wataƙila dabbar ta ƙare. Koyaya, 'yan Afirka lokaci-lokaci suna ba da rahoton gani tare da marasa kulawa. Koyaya, bayanan ba a rubuce ba.
Warthog
Wannan shine kawai alade na daji da yake tona ramuka. Warthog yana rayuwa cikinsu. Wani lokacin alade yakan kwato burbushin wasu dabbobi ko kuma ya mallaki waɗansu fanko. Mata na ɗaukar manyan duwatsu. Yakamata su dace da zuriyar. Ramin ramin na maza karami ne, tsawonsa ya kai mita 3.
Warthogs suna da kunya. Wannan ya haifar da aladun savannah don zuwa saurin kilomita 50 a awa daya. Kukunan katako da ke garzaya suna garzayawa zuwa burbushin su ko kuma dajin daji. Sauran aladu ba su da ikon irin wannan saurin.
Hankaka mai ƙaho
Tsuntsu hoopoe ne. Tsawonsa ya kai mita kuma nauyinta kilo 6. Headananan kanbi an saka masa doguwar tsayi, mai faɗi, lanƙwasa baki tare da ci gaba a sama da shi. Wutsiya, wuya da fikafikan hankaka dogo ne, kuma jiki yana da yawa. Gashinsa baƙi ne. Fatar tsuntsun ja ce. Ana iya ganin wannan a wuraren da babu su a kewaye da idanu da kuma a wuya.
A lokacin samartaka, fatar da ke mara da hankaka ruwan lemo ne. Kuna iya ganin tsuntsayen a cikin Kenya, a arewa maso gabas da gabashin Afirka.
Kuraye
Game da ita akwai mummunan suna. An ɗauki dabbar matsoraci kuma, a lokaci guda, ma'ana, mugunta. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun lura cewa kura ce tafi dacewa a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa. An kwikwiyo suna cin nono na tsawon watanni 20 kuma sune farkon waɗanda suka fara ci. Mata suna korar maza daga abinci, suna barin yara. A cikin zakuna, alal misali, zuriyar cikin tawali'u suna jiran ubansu ya ci abinci.
Kuraye ba sa cin nama kawai. Mazauna Savannah suna son fruitsa fruitsan itace da nutsyaʼyan itace. Bayan cin su, kuraye sukan yi bacci kusa da wurin cin abincin.
Aardvark
Wakilin kawai na ƙungiyar aardvark. Dabbar ta zama abin birgewa, tana kama da mai cin durin dabbobi kuma tana cin tururuwa, amma tana cikin tsarin daban na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kunnen Aardvark, kamar kurege.
Hancin dabbar yana kama da akwati ko tiyo daga mai tsabtace ruwa. Wutsiyar aardvark tana kama da ta bera. Jiki yana ɗan tuna da samartakar boar. Ana iya ganin imani a cikin savannas kudu da Sahara.
Idan ba a shirya tafiya zuwa Afirka ba, za ku iya yin la'akari da aardvark a cikin gidan zoo na Rasha. A cikin 2013, a kan hanya, an haifi ɗan dabba na dabba mai ban sha'awa a Yekaterinburg. A baya, ba zai yiwu a sami zuriyar alamomin yau da kullun ba.
Guinea tsuntsaye
Guiniya ta kasance gida. Koyaya, yawan jama'a kyauta ya kasance cikin yanayi. Na 'yan kaji ne. Girman kaza kuma girman kaza ne. Koyaya, na baya baya iya tashi. Tsuntsayen Guinea sun hau sama, duk da wahala, - gajeru da zagaye fuka-fuki sun tsoma baki.
Tsuntsayen Guinea suna da ingantacciyar ƙungiyar zamantakewa. Ana ajiye nau'ikan fuka-fukai cikin garken tumaki. An haɓaka inji don kare rayuwa a cikin yanayin savannah.
Kayan ciki
Daga cikin kayan kwalliyar, ɗan Afirka shine mafi girma. Daga cikin beraye, dabbar ma ba ta da kama. Wasu daga cikin kashin baya a kan agun sun fi na shi tsawo. ‘Yan Afirka ba su san yadda ake jefa“ mashi ”ga makiya ba, kodayake akwai irin wannan tatsuniya.
Dabbar kawai tana ɗaga allurar a tsaye. Bututun da ke kan jelar ba su da kyau. Yin amfani da wannan, ɗan agidan yana motsa allurar wutsiyarsa, yana yin sautuka masu motsawa. Suna tsoratar da abokan gaba, suna tuno da ramin firgita.
A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe, abubuwan da ke ɓarke na ɓarke sun ɓarke. Idan ba za ku iya tsoratar da abokan gaba ba, dabbar tana gudana a kusa da mai laifin, yana gajiyarwa kuma yana soka. Karyayyen allurai suna girma.
Dikdick
Ba ya da nisa cikin savannah, yana kiyayewa zuwa kewayenta. Dalilin kuwa shi ne cewa ƙaramar dabbar dabbar tana buƙatar murfin ta hanyar yalwar daji mai yawa. Abu ne mai sauki ga rashin girman kusan rabin mita da tsayin santimita 30 ya buya a cikinsu. Nauyin Dikdik bai wuce kilogram 6 ba.
Matan jinsin ba su da ƙaho. Yin canza launi a cikin mutane na jinsi daban-daban iri daya ne. Cutar dattin ciki fari ce, yayin da sauran sassan jikinsa ja-kasa-kasa ko launin ruwan kasa-toka-toka.
Masaka
Dangin Afirka na gwara-mai-kudin-gwara. Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan masaku sama da 100. Akwai sunaye 10 a cikin savannas na Afirka. Saƙar da aka ba da kuɗin sahu ita ce ta kowa.
Afirka na da masaku biliyan 10. Ana lalata miliyan 200 kowace shekara. Wannan baya lalata girman jinsi.
Somali daji jaki
An samo shi a Habasha. Wani jinsin dake dab da bacewa. Akwai layuka masu layi kwance a ƙafafun dabbar. Wannan jakin Somaliya yana kama da zebra. Akwai kama a cikin tsarin jiki.
Tabbatattun mutane sun kasance cikin Afirka. A cikin gidan zoo da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, ana wucewa da ungulu tare da jakin Nubian. Ana kiran zuriya dabbobin Savannah na Eurasia... Misali, a garin Basel, Switzerland, an haife jakuna 35 wadanda suka hadu da juna tun daga shekarun 1970.
Ana samun jakunan Somaliya da suka fi kowane kulawa a wajen Afirka a gidajen zoo a Italiya.
The steppe expanses na Ostiraliya da Amurka galibi ana kiransu savannas. Koyaya, masana ilimin kimiyyar halitta sunyi amfani da biotopes. Dabbobin Savannah na Kudancin Amurka mafi daidai ana kiran mazaunan pampas. Wannan shi ne ainihin sunan matattarar nahiyar. Dabbobin Savannah na Arewacin Amurka ainihin dabbobi ne. A cikin wadannan matakan, kamar yadda yake a Kudancin Amurka, ciyawa suna da ƙasa, akwai mafi ƙarancin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.
