Butterflies suna da ban mamaki a cikin rauni da siffofinsu na alheri. Daga cikinsu akwai halittu masu ban mamaki da yawa waɗanda ke tayar da sha'awa. Admiral malam buɗe ido - ɗayan fitattun wakilai na ajin kwari na dangin nymphalid.
Tarihin sunan yana da alaƙa da hotunan jarumai masu ba da labari. Karl Linnaeus, wanda ya gano kwaron, ya kira jinsunan Vanessa Atalanta - wannan shine sunan diyar tsohuwar jarumar Girka Scheney, ta shahara da kyau da saurin gudu. Mahaifin, wanda bai yi mafarkin 'ya'ya maza kawai ba, ya jefar da' yarsa daga kan dutsen. Gandun daji da farauta sun cika rayuwar jarumar, wanda ba shi da rai da sunan malam buɗe ido.
Admiral malam buɗe ido a cikin bazara
Babban sunan Admiral yana da nau'i biyu na asalin. Wanda aka fassara daga Baturke, sunan yana nufin "ubangijin teku." Kodayake malam buɗe ido ƙasa ce, amma dogayen jirage suna haɗa shi da tekuna, tunda hanyar daga Eurasia zuwa Afirka ta daɗe.
An bayar da wani bayani ne saboda kamanceceniyar lalatattun launuka masu launuka biyu da ke bangon fuka-fuki da kagaggen adreshin, wadanda kwamandojin rundunar suka sa a kan kafada. Ana rarrabe da tufafi ta ja dayan wando, waɗanda kuma ake kira abubuwan haɗi. Duniyar kwari da ke da alaƙa da gandun daji, teku, yawon shakatawa ana nunawa ba kawai a cikin sunayen asali ba, amma a cikin ainihin rayuwar Admiral butterfly.
Bayani da fasali
Kwarin kwatankwacin kamar kamuwa da cuta ta yau da kullun, amma ba za su iya rikicewa ba, don haka menene malam buɗe ido yayi kama Admiral ya fi tasiri. Kyakkyawan yini na dangin Vanessa an rarrabe su ta gefen gefen fikafikan.
Wannan halayen yana haɗuwa tare da ƙananan tsinkaye a gaban gefen waje. Faɗin fikafikan ya kai cm 5-6.5. A saman mutum zai iya ganin farin ɗigon fari, wanda aka ƙirƙira daga uku aka haɗu izuwa ɗaya duka. Kewaye da sarkar kananun kwayoyi masu kalar farin inuwa mai haske da siffofi iri-iri.
Gefuna da kuma ciki na fikafikan sama launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu. Zobban shuɗi da ratsi suna warwatse akan babban bango. Admiral malam a cikin hoto koyaushe ana iya gane shi ta wurin majajjawa mai launin ruwan hoda da ke gudana a tsakiyar tsakiyar fuka-fuki gaba ɗaya.
Layin haske mai launi iri ɗaya yana da alama yana ci gaba a kan fikafikan baya tare da baki tare da gefen waje. Akwai ɗigon fata baƙaƙe 3-5 a kan tsiri a jere a kowane gefe. An kawata kusurwoyin dubura na fikafikan baya tare da shuɗaɗɗen ɗakunan shuɗi a cikin bakin baki. Idan ka kalli bayan fikafikan, za ka ga tsarin mosaic na launuka masu yawa na launuka masu launin toka, fari, ja, launin ruwan kasa.
Jikin kwarin yana da duhu mai duhu, kusan baƙi. A gefen kai akwai manyan idanuwa masu haɗewa. Sun rarrabe da kyau girgizan haske kewaye da abubuwa. Organungiyar hangen nesa a cikin siffar haɗin hemispheres zai ba ku damar ganin sararin da ke kewaye ba tare da juya idanunku ko kai ba.
Addinin butterflies suna da tsinkayen launi masu kyau - sun bambanta launuka masu launin shuɗi, rawaya, kore. Banda shine launin ja; kwari ba sa lura da shi. Bananan bakin gora suna kusa da idanuwa, kuma a ɓangaren gaban akwai eriya da aka fadada tare da kumbura kumbura. Idan aka kwatanta da gani mai kyau, wannan shine mafi ƙarfin ɓangaren malam buɗe ido.
Babban jami'in da yake kama kamshi yana da nisa sosai tare da eriya. Kai ba ya aiki. A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren akwai murfin bakin mai siffar proboscis. Tare da taimakonsa, babban malam buɗe ido yana tsotse cikin ruwan nectar. Idan proboscis bai cika aiki da aiki ba, yana ci gaba.
Theangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren malam buɗe ido ya ƙunshi sassa uku, kowane ɗayansa yana da alaƙa da ƙafafun tafiya. Gaban goshin kwarin an rufe shi da gashin gashi mai kauri wadanda suke aiki a matsayin sassan jikin tabawa.
Fure mai haske mai launi tare da launi daban-daban yana tashi da kyau, yana cin nasara mai nisa don neman yanayi mai kyau. Musamman galibi ana lura dasu a cikin lambu da tsire-tsire.
Admiral malam buɗe ido
Malam buɗe baki shine nau'ikan da yawa, rabe-rabensu ya mamaye yankuna na extasashen waje na Eurasia, yankunan tsibirin Tekun Atlantika (Azores da Canaries), Arewacin Afirka, Arewacin Amurka, Haiti, New Zealand.
A Asiya orarama, an san Gabas ta Tsakiya malam malam. A wane yanki na halitta duk inda kwari suke, suna zuwa hunturu a yankunan kudu na zangon. A matsayinsu na bakin haure, suna yin manyan jirage. Yana da wahala a yarda da yadda halittu masu rauni suke isa Afirka, inda ba ma dukkan tsuntsayen da ke iya tashi don hunturu. Tabbas, matafiya da yawa suna mutuwa akan hanya.
Mafi ƙarfi ya tashi zuwa cikin ƙasa don yin ƙwai da kammala hanyar rayuwarsu. Zuriya da aka ƙarfafa za su koma shekara mai zuwa. Wasu mutane ba sa tashi zuwa wuraren hunturu, suna neman tsari daga sanyi a fasa, a ƙarƙashin bawon bishiyoyi.
Rana ta bazara tana farkar dasu, suna barin matsugunai domin yin ado da yanayin duniyar da ke rayar da bayan hibernation da bayyanar su. Can, inda admiral malam buɗe ido yake zaune, ana ganin duniya da dumi da launuka.
Lokacin aiki na lokacin dumi yana daga ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni zuwa Oktoba a wasu yankuna. A yankin ƙasar Rasha, sanannen malam ɗin mashawarcin a cikin gandun daji na ɓangaren Tsakiya, a Gabashin Caucasus, Urals, a Karelia da sauran wurare. A cikin yankuna masu tsaunuka, ana lura da adili mai haske a tsaunin 2500-2700 m sama da matakin teku.
Sau da yawa ana samun kwarin a gefen gefen gandun daji, a yankuna masu haske, a filin ruwa da makiyaya, a belin daji. Hoton gama gari shine a ga malam buɗe ido a gefen hanya, tare da bankunan koguna da tabkuna, a cikin gandun daji, tsakanin gidajen rani ko cikin lambu.
A ƙarshen lokacin rani, ana iya samun su akan fruitsa fruitsan itacen da suka faɗi daga bishiyun fruita fruitan itace, ko kan bishiya. Mazaunan bazara galibi suna lura da butterflies akan plums da pears. Wannan shine ɗayan butterflies da yawa waɗanda za'a iya gani na ƙarshe kafin isowar yanayin sanyi. Hasken wuta yana jan hankalin amintaccen kamanninta, kwalliyar furannin kaka tana matsayin abinci a ranakun dumi.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa masu sha'awar jan-lemu waɗanda suka yi hunturu a wasu keɓaɓɓun wurare, launi ya zama cikakke sosai idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ba su riga sun wuce gwajin lokaci ba. A kudancin Turai, inda damuna ke da wuya, ranakun rana masu ɗumi na iya yin '' wayo '' ƙawancen bacci waɗanda ke tashi zuwa farin cikin mutane.
Yawan halittu masu saurin canzawa suna da matukar muhimmanci. An sake cika yawan mutanen yankunan arewacin zangon bayan tashin jirgi daga kudu; irin wadannan bakin haure na kudanci sun sabunta belin gandun daji na Eurasia.
Admiral malam buɗe ido
Launi mai ban mamaki na kwari tare da tsarin launuka na admiral da majajjawa ana samunsu a cikin manyan nau'ikan jinsuna biyu. Zaɓi na farko, tare da ɗamarar ruwan lemu mai launin ruwan toka mai duhu, kusan baƙar fatar fuka-fuki, ana kiran sa a taƙaice - jan admiral malam buɗe ido. Yankin canjin yanayi na Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka shine mazaunin sa.
Farar malam buɗe ido ɗan mazauni ne na gandun daji na Eurasia. Babban asalin fuka-fuki baki ne. Farar fata tare da speck tana gudana tare dashi a cikin irin wannan hanyar, ƙirƙirar launi mai banbanci daga sautunan baƙi da fari. Zanen ya zama kyakkyawan sutura daga masu farauta.
White admiral malam buɗe ido
Baya ga tsarin launi, adon farin ya bambanta da halin keɓaɓɓe na tashi. Jerin fikafikan fikafikan fukafukai yana ba da doguwar tashin sama a cikin iska. Abubuwan da aka zaɓa na malam buɗe ido suna da alaƙa da baƙar fata mai ƙanshi, nutmeg. A cikin dazuzzuka na gandun daji, bishiyar honeysuckle wuri ne da yafi so ga farin sarki domin yin kwai.
Nau'in da ya danganci malam buɗe ido na sarki shine ƙaya (sarƙaƙƙiya). Sunan na biyu na kwarin shine admiral ruwan hoda. Gwargwadon jinsi na Vanessa na dangin nymphalid galibi yana bayyana kamanceceniya da girmanta da salon rayuwar ƙaura mai aiki.
Launi na malam buɗe ido ruwan lemu ne mai haske da ruwan hoda. Zane-zane a bango mai haske sun ƙunshi baƙaƙen fata da fari, makada. Butterflies suna yin jirgin saman hunturu mai nisa a Arewacin Afirka.
Dumamar yanayi ne ke mayar da su Turai, Asiya. Butterflies suna hayayyafa a cikin sararin samaniya. Ana ɗora ƙwai da sarƙaƙƙiya a kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire: nettle, yarrow, uwa da uwa, burdock.
Red admiral malam buɗe ido
A cikin ƙungiyar Lepidoptera, ba wai kawai suna ba malam buɗe ido. Dakin makoki, tare da babban fuka-fuki har zuwa 10 cm, ya bugu tare da danshi mai karammiski na fikafikan, mai kaifi da fari mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. An ba sunan suna don launin duhu na ƙudaje, launin ruwan kasa-baƙi, wani lokaci tare da shuɗi mai launi.
Kamar butterflies admiral, lemongrass na daga nau'ikan kwari masu fika-fikai. Kowane reshe yana da kusurwa mara ƙarfi, kamar dai an datse ta musamman. Lokacin da malam buɗe ido yake hutawa, kaifin kusurwa yakan rufe shi daga idanuwan da ke kaɗawa. Kayan koren-shuɗi na malam buɗe ido ya sa kusan ba za a iya ganinsu a cikin lambun lambuna da wuraren shakatawa.
Daga cikin dangi butterflies admiral urticaria An san shi don fuka-fukan fuka-fukai bango, wanda baƙar fata, launuka masu launin shuɗi madadin tare da wurare masu haske a saman. Shudayen shudi a kan tushe mai baƙar fata suna gudana tare da kewaye da fikafikan.
A cikin dangin nymphalid, wanda ke hada butterflies daban-daban, akwai sanannun sifofi na yau da kullun - haske da yalwar launi, fitarwa da ƙwarewa a gefen gefen fuka-fukan. Babban mashawarcin malam, duk da nau'ikan kwari, an san shi a matsayin ɗayan asalin asali a Turai da Asiya.
Adana lambobin yana buƙatar matakan kariya. Admiral malam a cikin littafin Red ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa marasa kyau na yanke dazuzzuka, amfani da sunadarai.
Abinci da salon rayuwa
Rayuwar malam buɗe ido malam buɗaɗɗen motsi ne na har abada. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, ana iya samun kyawawan kayan mobayil kusa da jikin ruwa, a wuraren shakatawa, a kan ciyawa. Lokacin da suke hutawa a jikin bishiyoyi tare da fuka-fuki fuka-fukai, kusan abu ne mai wuya ka ga malam buɗe ido tare da yin zane-zane a bayan fukafukan.
Suna haɗuwa tare da bango - haushi na itacen oak ko larch. Ruwan sama da iska suna tilasta kwari neman mafaka a ɓoye na gine-gine, ɓatattun sanduna. A can suke buya daga makiya. Amma idan butterflies sun yi barci a cikin mafaka, to suna da haɗarin zama abincin tsuntsaye da ɓoyo.
Lokacin aiki na kwari yana daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. Basu bambanta a tsorace. Idan bakayi motsi kwatsam ba, to malam zai iya zama a sauƙaƙe akan miƙa hannun, kafadar mutum. Bincike mai kyau game da bayyanar adalin zai gaya muku ko wannan mutumin na gari ne ko kuma malam buɗe ido ne. Matafiya sun rasa launuka masu haske, fikafikansu sun dusashe kuma sun shanye.
Yanayin dumi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa kwari da yawa suna zama zuwa hunturu a cikin tsaunuka masu yanayi. Yawan hijirar butterflies zuwa kudu na kashe kwari da yawa waɗanda ba su yi tafiya mai nisa ba saboda dalilai daban-daban.
Dole ne su hau manyan wurare. Iska tana daukar kwarkwata ta tafi da ita zuwa hanyar da ta dace. Wannan yana taimakawa kwari su kiyaye kuzari. Amma halittu masu saurin lalacewa sau da yawa suna fadawa cikin tsuntsaye, abokan gaba na kwari.
A cikin yanayi, yawancin wakilan rayayyun duniya suna jin daɗin butterflies. Baya ga tsuntsaye, jemagu masu farauta ta amfani da amsa kuwwa suma suna da haɗari. Jikin furfure na malam buɗe ido na iya ba da kariya ga irin wannan harin.
Sauran abokan gaba sun haɗa da:
- gizo-gizo;
- ƙwaro
- mazari;
- tururuwa;
- wasps;
- addu'ar mantises.
Butterflies suna cikin abinci na kwadi, kadangaru, da beraye da yawa. Makiya na halitta suna cin kwari a duk matakan ci gaba: ƙwai, larvae, pupae, imago (matakin girma).
Ta yaya admiral malam buɗe ido yake ci? A matakin kattin kifi, dawa, da ƙaya, da sarƙaƙƙiya sun zama tushen abinci. Ganyayyaki suna zama duka gida ne da mai ciyarwa ga mazaunin. Manya suna cire ruwan itace daga hops na furanni, masarar masara, aiwi. Butterflies suna son shuke-shuke Compositae:
- baƙi;
- scabiosum;
- asters;
- Buddley David.
A ƙarshen lokacin bazara, butterflies suna cika abincin su tare da fruitsa fruitsan itacen marmari masu ɗanɗano. A ruwan 'ya'yan itace da fashe plums, peaches, pears janyo hankalin kwari. Admirals musamman sun fi son 'ya'yan itacen fermented.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Admirals butterflies ne tare da cikakken zagaye na canji. Ci gaba yana farawa ne daga kwanciya daga ƙwai, sa'annan wata tsutsa (kwari) ta bayyana, an ƙirƙiro pupa, kuma matakin ƙarshe shine imago.
Admiral butterflies ba a hana su na zawarci ba, wasannin mating. Strongarfin mazaje masu ƙarfi suna mamaye yankuna, suna tura masu fafatawa daga mafi kyawun shafuka. Kowane ango yana da fili na shuke-shuke da aka auna kimanin mita 10 zuwa 20. Manyan sojoji suna sintiri a yankin, suna yawo a kewayen.
Caterpillar malam malam
Mace da aka zaba tana kewaye da hankali - suna yawo don neman tagomashi. Yayin saduwa, butterflies suna da rauni sosai, saboda basa amsa abubuwan da suka faru a waje. Macen da ta hadu da juna tana sanya kama na dogon lokaci, a lokacin da zata iya katsewa domin samun karin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi akan shuke-shuken furanni ko ruwan itaciya.
Eggaya daga kwai ne dage farawa a kan ganye surface na tsire-tsire forage: nettle, hop, thistle. Yana faruwa cewa ƙwai da yawa na malam buɗe ido daban-daban suna bayyana a daji ɗaya. Su kanana ne, da kyar ido zai iya gani, har zuwa 0.8 mm. Da farko, qwai suna da koren haske, sannan tare da ci gaban amfrayo, launi ya yi duhu.
Tsutsa ta bayyana a cikin mako guda. Green jiki, har zuwa 1.8 mm a cikin girman, an rufe shi da bristles. Babban shugaban baƙar fata ne, mai sheki. Caterpillars suna rayuwa daban. Suna gina gidaje daga ganyaye, suna ninka su ta wata hanya kuma suna liƙe su da cobwebs. Suna barin matsugunansu ne kawai don neman abinci.
Yayin da yake tsiro, kyanwa tana canza launi zuwa launin kore-rawaya, launin ruwan kasa, baƙi ko ja mai launuka na azurfa, an rufe jikin da ci gaban. Individualaya daga cikin mutane yana da layuka masu tsayi har zuwa 7 tare da spines.
Akwai ratsi rawaya a gefen. Spines na inuwa ɗaya. Bayyanar yana baka damar "narke" akan tsiron. Ana gudanar da larvae sosai saboda godiya ta musamman, zaren siliki.
A cikin watan, kwari yana rayuwa sau 5, daga kwanaki 3-4 zuwa mafi tsayi na kwanaki 10. Wani babban kwari ya girma har zuwa 30-35 mm, fiye da sau ɗaya yana gina sabon gida yayin ƙirƙirar sa. Kafin hunturu, mafaka tana kama da tanti. A lokacin bazara, tsutsa na kitse.
A wani lokaci, ciyar da tsutsa ya tsaya. Ana cinye ganye ne saboda gidan ya rataye akan petiole. Tsarin karatun yara yana faruwa juye juye. Pufin mai launin toka-ruwan kasa har zuwa 23 mm tsawon ya zama ainihin malam buɗe ido bayan kimanin makonni 2.
Adult malam buɗe ido
Lokacin samuwar ya dogara sosai da yawan zafin jiki. Lokaci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-8 ne kawai idan iska ya ɗumi har zuwa 30 ° C. Sanyaya zuwa 12-16 ° С yana kara lokaci zuwa kwana 30-40.
Wani saurayi malam buɗe ido yana bayyana tare da ƙananan fuka-fuki waɗanda ke ɗaukar lokaci kafin su buɗe. Tsawon rayuwar kwari ya kai watanni 9-10 a karkashin kyakkyawan yanayi.
An bayyana tsawon rayuwar ne ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa wani bangare na rayuwar sa tsawon kwaron yana cikin bacci (diapause). Sai kawai mace mai haɗuwa koyaushe ta hibernates, a shirye a cikin bazara bayan farkawa don saka ƙwai.
Masoya malam buɗe ido suna ajiye su a cikin kwantena na musamman ko akwatin ruwa. Dabbobin gida suna buƙatar fodder shuke-shuke, zafi, iska mai tsabta, wani yanayin zafin jiki. Amma koda a yanayi mai kyau, rayuwar asu zata wuce makonni 3-4 ne kawai.
Admiral butterflies - halittu masu saurin lalacewa da kyawawan dabi'u. Suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Laboananan rean kwadago suna da fa'ida sosai wajen lalata shuke-shuke da kuma kawata duniyarmu.
