Wane irin tsuntsaye ba mu gani a lokuta daban-daban na shekara. Akwai waɗanda ke zaune kusa da mu, a cikin birane, koyaushe - a cikin hunturu da lokacin rani. Hakanan akwai tsuntsayen ƙaura waɗanda ke bayyana a yankinmu kawai a lokacin dumi. Wadannan sun hada da farin ciki mai suna filin wasa.
Bayani da bayyanar tsuntsu
Ryabinnik yayi la'akari da tsuntsu mai cutarwa - lambu zai fahimci dalilin. Wannan tsuntsu daga tsari na passerines yana cikin dangin thrushes kuma ana kiran shi da sunan shrub ɗin suna ɗaya - ash ash, wanda ke zama abincin da suka fi so. Maza da mata na wannan tsuntsu suna kama da juna, nauyinsu yakai gram 100-120, girmansu yakai 26-28 cm, fikafikan suna kusan 40 cm.
Lilin a kan rawanin da ɓangaren wuyan wuyansa launin toka-toka-toka, baya yana da kirji, fikafikan da wutsiya suna da duhu, kusan baƙi. Nono mai haske ne, tare da inuwar launuka mai yashi da kananan gashin tsuntsu. Kunnawa hoto na filin wasa ana iya ganin cewa ganinsa kamar koyaushe yana ɗan rashin jin daɗi ne kuma tsuntsu yana cikin fushi, wannan saboda baƙin "eyeliner" ne da ke kewaye da idanu. Ideasan fikafikan da wutsiya fari ne.
Wurin zama
Gidajen filayen kusan ko'ina cikin Eurasia da Siberia. Babu gurbi a kudancin Turai, Spain, kusan duk Faransa, Ingila. A yankin ƙasarmu, filin wasa na iya yin gida ko'ina a ɓangaren Turai, har ma a cikin tundra. Lokacin da shekara mai fa'ida ta faɗi a kan bishiyar bishiyar daji a Tsakiyar Turai, futowar za ta kasance don hunturu a can ma.
A cikin shekaru masu amfani, yana faruwa a yankunan arewacin Rasha, amma a tsakiyar hunturu, lokacin da abinci yayi ƙaranci, har yanzu yana tashi zuwa kudu. Mafi yawan lokuta hunturu a Kudu da Tsakiyar Turai, Asiaananan Asiya.
Yana zaɓar gefunan gandun daji masu ɗimbin yawa ko tsire-tsire, ya sauka a cikin gari - a murabba'ai da wuraren shakatawa, galibi ana samunsu a cikin gonar lambu. A baya, ba kasafai ake samun wannan damuwa a cikin birni ba, amma yanzu yana ƙara ziyartar ƙawancen da ya fi so, wanda ke girma da yawa kusa da mutum.
Da zuwan lokacin kaka na zinariya, turawa suka fara tashi cikin manyan garken tumaki, sun fara zama kusa da kusa da biranen. Da farko ana ganinsu a gefen gari, kuma yanzu ana samun waɗannan tsuntsayen a wuraren zama. Yawan 'ya'yan itacen berries na taimaka musu su tsira da tsananin sanyi na hunturu.
A cikin gandun daji, ya sauka a wurare daban-daban - kusa da share-share, a gefen dajin kusa da kasar noma da kogunan ruwa, a cikin bishiyoyi a tsakanin makiyaya da makiyaya. Yana da kyau a shirya gidajan gida a cikin wani babban daji kusa da makiyaya da filayen noma domin yana da sauki a samu kasa mai danshi a cikin ciyawar ciyawa ko gulbin ciyawa don gina gida, da abinci.
Yanayin rayuwa da yanayin filin filin
Blackbird filin filayen yana jagorantar zaman kashe wando da kuma rayuwar makiyaya. Ya dogara da yanayin yanayin zama da kasancewar abinci a lokacin sanyi. Wadanda suka bar mahaifarsu suka tashi kudu suka dawo da wuri, tuni a tsakiyar watan Afrilu.
A filayen hunturu da dawowa gida, garken filayen suna kusan tsuntsaye 80-100. Zuwansu, na ɗan lokaci tsuntsayen sun kasance a cikin kewayen gari, a gefuna, a cikin kogunan ruwa, inda dusar ƙanƙara ta riga ta narke, kuma abinci ya bayyana. Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke gaba ɗaya, garken suna neman wurin da za su yi sheƙ. Mulkin mallaka yana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa don kafawa.
Tushenta ya kunshi tsoffin tsuntsaye - wadanda suka kirkira, gogaggun magina. Wannan "kashin baya" yana ɗaukar mafi kyaun wurare don gida, kuma gabaɗaya yana ƙayyade shafin gida na dukkan mulkin mallaka, gwargwadon ƙwarewar su ta yau da kullun, tsuntsayen da suka manyanta suna ƙayyade ƙarfin ciyarwar wurin, dacewa a yanayin kariya.
Lonungiyoyi yawanci suna da nau'i-nau'i 12-25 na tsuntsaye. Filin wasan ya bambanta da tsuntsaye da yawa a cikin wannan, duk da ƙaramin girmansa, yana da ƙarfin zuciya sosai, mai yarda da kansa kuma koyaushe yana cikin yanayi na faɗa game da maƙiyan da ake tsammani.
Manyan tsuntsaye - hankaka, magpies, wanda ke sauƙaƙe lalata gidajen warblers, finch da sauran ƙananan tsuntsaye, ba za su tsaya ga mulkin mallaka ba. Koda wani namiji tilo zai kare gidansa sosai. Kuma a lokacin da tsuntsayen suka taru, sukan kai wa mai farautar hari ta hanyan da suka fi so kuma mai matukar tasiri - sukan cika magabtan da kwarya-kwarya.
Haka kuma, yana da matukar hadari ga afkawa tsuntsaye, kamar yadda fuka-fukai suka makale wuri daya suka kasa tashi. Duk wani mai cin ƙasar, har ma da mutane, za a haɗu da su a cikin wannan hanyar. Amma, duk da irin wannan faɗa da ake yi wa manyan tsuntsaye da dabbobi, fagen daga ba ya cutar da ƙananan tsuntsayen da ke zaune a cikin maƙwabta.
Yawancin tsuntsaye da gangan suna zaune kusa, da sanin hakan a cikin mulkin mallaka tsuntsayen filin saura basa tsoron hare-hare daga hankaka, kurege ko kuliyoyi. Amma har yanzu, fagen fama kuma yana shan wahala daga masu farauta. Shaho, jays, woodpeckers, mujiya suna kokarin lalata gidajen su. Tsawon ruwan sama na lokacin rani da yanayin sanyi suma suna da hatsari ga gida gida.
Amma mulkin mallaka mai zaman kansa a kowace shekara yana neman mafi kyawun wurare don nests. Wannan tsuntsu ba shi da kyawawan waƙoƙin waƙoƙi - waƙar da ake yi wa daddawa ta berry abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Amma akwai kuma ƙararrawa. Siriri siriri mai tsayi yana nufin "shaho".
Saurari muryar filin filin
Abincin abinci daga filin
Kamar yadda sunan tsuntsun ya bayyana, wannan nau'in nau'ikan cututtukan tumaki suna cin abincin ne akan rowan. Amma wannan wani lokaci ne kawai na lokacin, sauran lokutan da ake tursasawa suna neman tsutsotsi a cikin dattako da ƙasa mai laushi. Ana kuma ciyar da kajin da tsutsotsi da narkakkiyar majina.
Tsuntsaye suna jujjuya ganye da ƙasa don neman abinci. Abun takaici, galibi suna zama ganima ga tsutsotsi masu kamuwa da cuta wadanda ke rayuwa a cikin tsutsotsi na duniya waɗanda kuma suke mamaye manyan tsuntsaye da kajinsu. Tsuntsayen da suka kamu da cutar suna mutuwa ne daga tarin tsutsotsi masu yawa a jiki.
Idan babu ƙasa mai laushi tare da babban tsutsotsi kusa da wuraren nesting, to filin fagen tara caterpillars, larvae, beetles, horseflies, slugs. Zuwa ƙarshen lokacin rani, idan kajin basu fito ba tukuna, to, iyaye za su fara ciyar da su da 'ya'yan itace - blueberries, cherry cherry, strawberries, irga. An lura cewa filin wasa babban haƙori ne mai daɗi.
Idan akwai daji tare da 'ya'yan itacen da aka horar da su kusa da toka ta dutsen talakawa, tsuntsaye za su fara cin' ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki. Kari akan haka, tsuntsaye suna tuna irin wadannan bishiyoyin "ni'ima," kuma shekara mai zuwa zasu sake tashi zuwa can, suna kawo mulkin mallaka. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar tokar gonar a matsayin kwaro, tunda idan tsuntsu ya kalli bishiyar ku, ba za ku ƙara jin daɗin 'ya'yan itacen ba. Makoma ɗaya ce ke jiran ƙananan 'ya'yan inabi.
A cikin hoton, wani filin filin shakatawa tare da kajin
Suna kuma cin currant, cherries, gooseberries, cranberries, viburnum da sauran fruita fruitan itace da albarkatun berry. A cikin kaka, tsuntsaye ba wai kawai suna ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace daga rassan ba, har ma suna saukowa ƙasa don' ya'yan itatuwa da suka faɗi. Filin hunturu da gangan ake neman rowan berry don abinci, sau da yawa yana yiwuwa a kiyaye yadda su, tare da waxwings, suke ɗaukar itace.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Masu filayen wasa suna kama kama ɗaya ko biyu. Tunda tsuntsayen sun iso da wuri, tuni a farkon watan Afrilu, to a cikin wata ɗaya komai a shirye yake don ƙyanƙyashe kaji. Mahaifiyar ta gaba tana cikin aikin gini. Gidajenta tasa ce ta busasshiyar ciyawa manne da ƙasa. Tsayin tsarin yana da 15 cm, diamita 15 - 15 cm. Akwai ƙaramin tire a cikin ɗakin.
Bayan sun sadu, mace tana yin ƙwai masu ƙwai masu tsiro 3-7 waɗanda aka rufe su da jan toka. A farkon rabin watan Mayu, kajin sun bayyana, wadanda da sauri suka zama masu cin gashin kansu kuma a karshen watan suka saki "asibitin haihuwa" don kamawa ta biyu. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, tsuntsu mai lafiya yakan rayu tsawon shekaru 11-15.
