Dabbobin Kirimiya
Yankin kasa na yankin teku ne na musamman. Akwai yankuna uku na yanayin damina tare da babban matakin bambancin: ƙafafun ƙasa, nahiyyar ƙasa mai taurin kai, yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Kusancin Yankin Tekun Baƙar fata da na Azov, tsaunukan Kirimiya, tabkuna 50, sama da rafuka 250 sun ƙaddara ci gaban tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin rai da mazaunin dabbobin da ba su da ƙima, ma'ana, zama keɓaɓɓe a cikin waɗannan yanayi.
Crimea ana kiranta ƙaramar Ostiraliya don asalin fauna a cikin ƙaramin yanki (kusan 26,000 sq. Km).
A cikin tarihin da suka gabata, rakumin dawa da jimina sun zauna a kan teku. Canje-canjen yanayi sun haifar da bayyanar dawakai da kuma karnukan arctic. Kodayake masu binciken sun nuna hakan duniyar dabbobi ta Kirimiya fi talauci fiye da yankunan da ke makwabtaka, hakan yana nuna ban mamaki mai hade da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban wadanda suka dace da yanayin yanayin kasa.
Rushewar fawan na Kirimiya, a cewar masanan, ya bayyana ba wai kawai ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yanayi ba, har ma da ayyukan mutane, kisan kare dangi na dabbobin daji. A halin yanzu, akwai manyan rukuni guda biyar na dabbobin ruwa daban-daban na yankin teku
- steppe;
- gandun daji-steppe;
- gandun daji;
- tudu;
- kudu maso gabas
Steppes, tsaunuka da teku suna ƙirƙirar yanayin haɗin gwiwa wanda dabbobin Kirimiya suna wakiltar dabbobi masu shayarwa na halittu 58, halittun ruwa - nau'in 4, sauran ichthyofauna suna da nau'in kifaye 200, fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 200, nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe 14. Akwai 'yan asalin ƙasar da yawa a cikin mazaunan, wasu baƙi ne masu wucewa ko kuma sun zauna bayan ɗan lokaci.
Steppe Kirimiya
Yawan dabbobin na steppes yana wakiltar rodents daban-daban, wanda amfanin gona na hatsi da nau'in shuka da yawa ke wahala.
Goaramin gopher
Suna zaune a gungu na gida. Tsawon elongated jikin mutum ɗaya ya kai 250 mm, kusan na biyar na jela. Sautin fatar Ocher, launin ruwan kasa a bayanta. Kan yana da triangular. Nuts minks tare da burrows har zuwa 4 m tsawo da 1.8 m zurfi. Yawancin jinsuna suna rayuwa a cikin "gidaje", daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda akwai "Red Book".
Jama'a vole
Entaramar ƙaramar rodent wacce ke cin adadi mai yawa na shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire. Nutsar minks tare da hadaddun sassa, ɗakunan gida da ɗakunan ajiya.
Hamster na kowa
Dabba mai dauke da manyan kunci da kananan kunnuwa, girman bera. Launin ja da laushi mai laushi suna sa wannan kabewar ta waje mai kyau. Paananan yatsun kafa na gaba na iya yin abubuwa da yawa: don tsuke kunnuwa, wanka, ɗaukar yara.
Hamster yana son kasancewa shi kadai. Yana kai hare-hare ga masu ƙazamar fata cikin haɗari - kururuwa, rusheshi ga maƙiyin kowane irin girma. Cizon suna da zafi sosai, kamar yadda dabba ke sanya lace. Hamster yana zaune tare da hanyoyi, a cikin yankunan daji, amma galibi ana samun sha'awar ƙauyukan mutane.
Jerboa
Girman dabba ya kai kusan doruwa. Fitattun kafafun baya wadanda suka fi gaban kafa sau hudu. Ko doki ba zai iya riskar jerboa ba. Tsalle mita 1.5-2 a tsayi, tsayin tsalle kusan rabin mita ne.
Doguwar wutsiya tana aiki ne a matsayin rudder, kuma yana taimakawa turawa yayin tsalle, yana shiga cikin tsaro, idan ya cancanta. Saboda nome gonar da aka yi a zirin, ƙananan "kangaroos" suna ƙara raguwa.
Talakawan bebe na kowa
Entaramin sandar ƙasa, wanda ya kai tsawon cm 13. Gajeriyar jelar kusan ba a gani. Jikin yana da alama an daidaita shi don tono tunnels - tsawaita, tare da tsokoki masu ƙarfi a ɓangaren gaba.
Babu kunnuwa, idanun suna dan kadan. Kafafun gaba suna da yatsu 5. Hanyoyin kaifi a gaban lebe suna da ban mamaki. Aiki dare. Suna cutar da lambunan kayan lambu.
Linzamin kwamfuta
Animalananan dabba ba su fi 75 mm tsawo ba. Kuna iya gane sandar ƙarfe ta baƙin tsiri wanda ke tafiya tare da dutsen daga kai zuwa gindin wutsiya. Gashin fur yana da launin toka tare da gashin fari. Tona rami mara zurfi ko zama mafi yawan gidajen da aka watsar da wasu ƙwayoyi.
Suna gudu a sandar da ke dauke da wutsiya, wacce ke aiki azaman ma'aunin ma'auni. Daidai hawa saman saman, mai tushe, rassan, akwati.
Kurege
Dabbobi sun zama 'yan ci rani masu nasara daga Altai zuwa Crimea. Sun zauna a wurare da yawa a cikin gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa.Sooty, bustling da thrifty, tare da kyakkyawan gashi mai launin ja-toka.
A yankuna masu duwatsu, girman dabbobi ya fi girma, har zuwa 28-30 cm, fiye da yankuna masu faɗi. Wutsiyar bushiya ta dabba ita ce 2/3 na duka tsawon jiki. Ya sami mahimmancin kasuwanci.
Rodents na Kirimiya ba su da gasa dangane da lambobi idan aka kwatanta da maƙiyan da ke farautar su. Daga cikin wakilai da yawa na dangin, kanana da matsakaitan dabbobi sun fi yawa. An kashe manyan kerkeci na yankin teku ta farkon 20s na karni na 20. Oƙarin sake farfaɗo da ƙabilar kerkeci ya ci gaba har zuwa yau.
Steppe ferret
Dabba mai laushi har zuwa 52 cm mai tsayi tare da jiki mai tsayi, ƙaramar wutsiya, kai mai zagaye da kunnuwa masu faɗi. An rarraba shi sosai a kan yankin Crimea. Yashi mai yashi tare da kafafu masu launin ruwan kasa, karshen wutsiya, kirji da alamun fari a bakin bakin da kunnuwa. Ferret din yana zaune kusa da mutane, a yankunan da mutane suke. Mai farauta mafi aiki. Daidai ya hora.
Weasel
Duk da ƙaramin girmansa, tsawonsa yakai 26 cm, da kyakkyawar kamanni, dabbar tana da zalunci har ma da zalunci ga duk ƙananan dabbobi. An kwatanta yawan jini da ƙananan dabbobi da na kerkeci. Ilitywarewa da kuzari, ikon gudu da sauri, iyo sosai ya sa weasel ya zama maharbin da ba shi da tarko.
A cikin bayyanar, mai farautar yana kama da ɓarna, amma jelarsa ba tare da goga ba. Ayyukan dabba, wanda ya yadu a cikin Crimea, ana bayyana dare da rana.
Idan dabbar tana da laushi, kwari da beraye ba za su taɓa bayyana a gidan ba. Tare da wasu dabbobin gida, weasel da sauri ya sami gindin zama, ya zama mai son dabbobin gida.
Jawo ja
Daga cikin masu farautar Crimea, fox shine babban wakili - mutane sun kai 70-90 cm a tsayi, wutsiyar ta kasance 50-60 cm Dabbar tana rayuwa a ko'ina a cikin teku. Yana sauka a cikin kogwanni, yana da ramuka na badger, fasa, ramuka. Fox shine babban mai kula da adadin beraye. Yana haifar da lalacewar gonakin da ke cikin wasan kiwo, kurege.
Dabba mai daraja. Ya bambanta a hankali, tsoro. Dabbobin marasa lafiya ne kawai ke fitowa wa mutum. An jera fox a cikin Red Book of Crimea.
Duniya ta dabbobi masu rarrafe ta Crimean suna wakiltar kunkuru, kadangaru, macizai, macizai. Babu kusan mutane masu guba. Ana samun tagulla, macijin ruwa da maciji, masu ratsi huɗu, masu rawaya-ciki da macizai.
Stepe maciji
Kadai mazaunin guba da ke yankin Tsibirin Kirimiya. Macijin ƙarami ne, 55-57 cm, yana zaune a filayen da tuddai. Tsarin zigzag yana kawata jikin launin launin toka-ruwan kasa.
Dutsen gangara mai bushewa tare da dazuzzuka, bakin tafki, ramuka sune mazaunin magagin tumbi. Yana ɓoye tsakanin duwatsu, a cikin ɓoyayyun ƙasa, ramuka da aka bari na rodents. Yana son yin kwalliya a rana, yana iyo da kyau.
Tsallake-tsallake na Kirimiya
Fauna na yankuna masu tuddai babban taro ne na wakilan yankuna na gandun daji da yankuna masu tarko. Dabbobin daji na Kirimiya a nan an daɗe ana ɗaukarta asalinsu na cikin teku.
Kurege
Ba kamar takwarorin babban yankin ba, mazaunin wurin yana da halaye na musamman waɗanda ba na asali a cikin wakilan wasu yankuna ba. Kurege na Crimea suna riƙe da launin su kusan duk shekara. Gashi mai launin ruwan kasa-mai launin toka-toƙarai fari-ja ne halayyar kowane zomo.
Kusan da dusar ƙanƙara take sauka a cikin teku, kuma idan ta yi dusar ƙanƙara, ba za ta wuce mako ba. A wannan lokacin, kurege ba su da lokaci don canza kamanninsu. Abin farauta.
Yawan kurege ya ragu sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, amma har yanzu ana ganin rarrabarsa yaɗu. Ya bayyana musamman sau da yawa a kan iyakokin yankuna-steppe yankunan.
Stone marten (farin zuciya)
Dabbar ta sami suna mai kauna don farin fur a kirji da maqogwaro. Alheri, alherin motsi halayya ce ta ƙaramin mai farauta wanda ba baƙon abu ba ne ga abincin ganyayyaki (yana jin daɗin hawthorn, inabi, pear). Whitebird baya hawa kututtukan bishiyoyi, amma yana wayo cikin dabara ga gidajen kaji na gida don halakar da dangin tsuntsaye kai tsaye.
Badger
Dabba ta kafu sosai a dazukan Kirimiya. Jikin badger yakai tsayin 70-90 tsayi, jelar yakai cm 20. claafan fika akan ƙafafuwan yana nuna alkiblar ayyukanta. Ya haƙa kaburai masu matakai daban-daban tare da ɗakunan ajiya, sassa, ɗakunan ajiya, duk kusurwoyin suna layi da ganye.
Hanyoyin Badger sun shimfiɗa zuwa mita 20 a tsayi, kuma tare sun zama birane duka. Badgers fararen hula ne, suna aiki tare da madawwamin tsarin gidansu. Wadanda aka yi garkuwar da su cikin tsabta suna aiki da ayyukan gida marasa iyaka. Ba sa yarda da cin amana a cikin badger duniyarsu. Za su kasance da matsananciyar yunƙuri don yaƙi da masu kutse. Badgers - dabbobin Red Book na Crimea.
Raccoon kare
Dabbar mai gajeriyar kafa ta kafu a kan teku bayan yunƙuri da yawa na gabatarwa. Tsugunnin jiki har zuwa 80 cm a tsayi, wutsiya mai laushi har zuwa cm 25. Fuskar fuska mai kaushi tare da canza launin raccoon a cikin hanyar mask, fuskoki masu toka ash a gefe.
Yana zaune a cikin raƙuman duwatsu, yana zaune ramuka na raƙuman daji ko zama a cikin tushen bishiyoyi. Galibi ana samun karnukan bera a bakin teku don neman abinci. Ana ɗaukar dabbar a matsayin mai komai, amma fifikon abincin dabbobi ne.
Jemagu
A cikin Crimea, akwai nau'ikan jemagu 16. Ayyukan dabbobi masu yawo ya fi iyaka a dare. Fata na fata tsakanin yatsun kafa da na baya kafafu tare da saman gefen jiki suna yin kamar fuka-fukan tsuntsu.
A cikin yanayin yankin Kirimiya, jemagu suna ciyar da kwari ne kawai albarkacin echolocation na ultrasonic. Manyan mutane da kyar sun kai 10 cm tsayi. Gudun jirgin na waɗannan beraye masu ban mamaki ya haɓaka har zuwa 50 km / h.
Gudanar da jiki yana ba ka damar tashi sama a cikin matsattsun labyrinth na kogon ba tare da taɓa bangon da fuka-fuki ba. Yankunan-gandun daji sune wuraren da aka fi so da jemage marasa cutarwa.
Kunkuru
Suna zaune galibi wuraren tafki. Ba kamar dabbobin ƙasa ba, akwai abubuwan yin ninkaya tsakanin yatsun kunkuru. Girman matsakaita mazaunan ya kai 15 cm a diamita na harsashi. Da dare yakan kwana a ƙasan kandami ko wani ruwa, kuma da rana yana farautar ƙananan kifi, yana cin ganye. An binne shi a cikin raƙumi don wuraren sanyi.
Dabbobin gidan Crimea sun hada da kunkuru, wanda kuma yake kwanciya da kwanciyar hankali wani wuri a kebantaccen wuri a cikin ginshiki har zuwa farkon bazara mai dumi.
Maƙarƙashiya mai daraja
Mafi tsufa mazaunin yankin teku shine girman kai na Crimea. Wani babban dabba ya girma har zuwa mita 1.4 a bushe. Ahonin da aka zana sun ƙawata kansa. Kaurin da tsawon ayyukan yana nuna shekarun barewa. Babban adon maza yana sabunta kowace shekara.
A cikin dazukan tsaunuka na Kirimiya, ana yawan jin ƙaramar ƙarfi na mafi girman kayan fasaha. Garken dabbobi suna taruwa anan suna cin ciyayi. A lokacin hunturu, barewa na kusan zuwa lambu, daji kusa da wuraren da jama'a suke, inda akwai abinci da dumi. Dabbobi masu ni'ima suna kawata gandun daji.
Mouflon
An haɗu da tumakin dutsen a cikin Crimea tun kafin juyin juya halin. Matsaloli na sasantawa, matsaloli tare da haifuwa sun sanya mazaunan Turai musamman abubuwan kariya. Dabi'ar dabbobi daidai take da ta tumakin gida.
Da rana, a cikin yanayi mai zafi, suna kwana a inuwar duwatsu, a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, kuma da yamma suna lalubar ciyawa kusa da jeri na tsaunuka, a kan gangaren ciyawa. A lokacin sanyi, suna wahala daga saukar dusar ƙanƙara kuma suna sauka gidan ɗan adam don abinci.
Babban kayan adon dabbobin shine jujjuya juyawa gaba da baya. Manyan mutane sun kai 200 kg. Animalsananan dabbobin Kirimiya suna karkashin kariya.
Roe
Dabbobin da ke da ni'ima sun taɓa zama a wani yanki mai tsayi a cikin teku. Mutane sun kora dabbobin zuwa gangaren dutse. Sau da yawa fitattun madubai (fararen gashin da ke kusa da wutsiya) dabbobin da suke guduwa daga mutane galibi ana ganinsu a cikin dazuzzuka.
Cikakken sauraro yana kariya daga makiya dayawa. Roe deer ya fi shan wahala daga mafarauta. Tare da barewa, wanda a kansu suke kamanceceniya, artiodactyls sune mafi kyawu daga masu gandun daji, waɗanda ke kiransu da ƙauna "awaki".
Kura
Duk da yake dabbar relic a cikin tsaunuka na Kirimiya har yanzu rake ne. Attemptsoƙarin ƙoƙari don inganta kyawawan kayan fasaha ba a riga an kammala su ba. Ya fi barewa girma, amma ya fi ƙanƙani girma a cikin girma, barewar barewa tana da hankali, mai saurin motsawa, an daidaita ta da tudu da mazaunin gandun daji.
Ba tare da kariyar ɗan adam ba, da wuya yaduwar dabbobi ya zama da nasara, amma Crimeans suna yin abubuwa da yawa don kiyaye nau'in.
Dajin daji
An hallaka asalin mazaunin yankin daga karni na 19. Bayan kimanin ƙarni ɗaya, an sami nasarar dawo da aladun daji zuwa waɗannan ƙasashe. Dabbobin masu cin komai suna cin goro, namomin kaza, saiwa, ƙwai tsuntsaye, beraye.
Lokacin saduwa da mutum, an cire boars ɗin a hankali, amma idan ba za a iya guje wa faɗa ba, to dabbobin ba su san tsoro ba. Saduwa da mata masu kare aladu na da haɗari musamman. Kuna iya tsira ne kawai a kan rassan itace mai tsayi.
Dutsen kadangaru
Tana zaune ne kawai a cikin tsaunukan Crimea. Awararren matafiyi akan duwatsu da gangaren tudu. Yankuna masu duwatsu, wuraren ajiyar duwatsu, kwazazzabai, koguna na duwatsu daban-daban sune wuraren da kadangaru suka fi so. Kuna iya haɗuwa da kyawawan mutane a tsawan sama da mita 3000-3500 sama da matakin teku. Sauri da sauƙin motsi basu dace ba.
Dabbobin gabar teku
Dabbobin ruwa na kudu maso gabashin suna wakiltar dabbobi masu rarrafe da masu rarrafe. Lizard ta zama ruwan dare gama gari.
Gano na Kirimiya
A zamanin da, an same shi ko'ina, har ma a yankunan biranen hayaniya - kan shinge, kusa da bangon gidaje, tsakanin tsofaffin gine-gine. Babban ci gaba ya lalata mazaunin geckos. Rushewar da aka fi so tare da wurare da yawa, mafaka, tsaga ya fara ɓacewa daga fuskar duniya.
Kadan kadangaru ba kawai ya kawata muhalli da kyan gani ba, amma kuma ya hana yaduwar kwari masu cutarwa. Abokan gaba na geckos cats kuliyoyi ne, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage ƙadangare.
Jauro mai maciji
Mutane da yawa suna kuskuren sandar da ke rarrafe don wata dabba mai guba, wacce ke damun ta. Duk da kamanninta da girmansa, tsayinsa ya kai mita 1-1.25, dabbar ba ta da wata illa idan ba ku kama ta ba kuma kada ku yi haƙuri.
Ba shi da tsokanar dabi'a. Yana zaune ne kawai a cikin Kirimiya. Rawanin jellyfish mai launin rawaya yana motsawa a hankali, baya gaggawa akan kowa. Jiki an dan daidaita shi gefe da fata mai laushi da haske. An jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Ja. Barazanar bacewa abu ne mai ƙyama - kisan gillar da aka yi wa spindles sau da yawa yakan faru ne saboda yanayin firgita, rikicewa da macizai.
Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe mai launin rawaya daga dabbobi masu rarrafe - idanunsu suna kariya ta kiftawar ido, ba kamar macizai ba.
Fauna na yankin yankin Kirimiya mai ɗumbin kwari. Hanyoyin Bahar Rum sun saba da duk wanda ya ziyarci yankin teku a lokacin bazara.
Cicada
Dayawa sun ji kara, amma basu taba ganin wadannan kwari ba. Cicada ya fi girma girman matsakaici, koyaushe yana ɓoye a tsakanin ganyayyaki. Gabobin waƙoƙi tare da maƙallan sautin na musamman suna a kan ciki. Masu yin wasan kamar suna yin gasa a cikin waƙar waƙoƙin waƙoƙi. Cicadas suna rayuwa duk tsawon lokacin. Abin sha’awa, wadannan kwari suna zama na rana, sabanin ciyawa ko kunkuru.
Addu'a mantises
An sanya sunan don bayyanar kwari, wanda koyaushe yana daga ƙafafun gaba. Kamar hannayen mutum ne aka daga sama zuwa sama cikin addu'a. A zahiri, masu yin addua suna kwanto don farauta kafin harin, sun zauna na dogon lokaci, suna ɓoye cikin ganyayyaki. Girman kwari har zuwa 4-5 cm yana ba ka damar yin wani lokacin yaƙi tare da gwarare. Dangane da alamar, mutumin da manti ya zauna a kansa zai yi farin ciki na dogon lokaci.
Kirimiya da ƙwaro
Endemic zuwa Crimea an kiyaye shi azaman nau'in jinsin beetles. Etwaron ƙasa ba zai iya tashi ba, yana rarrafe ne kawai a kan hanyoyi da gangara.Irin ƙwaro yana da girma ƙwarai, har zuwa 5 cm, yana da launi mai ruwan hoda, wanda koren, shuɗi, inuwar baƙi ya shagalta.
Idan kun taɓa kyakkyawan mazaunin, zai saki ruwa mai lalata don tsoratar da shi. Yana haifar da rayuwar dare mai motsawa, yana motsawa da sauri akan dogayen, ƙafafun tsoka. Beasar ƙwaro tana gudana har zuwa kilomita 2 a kowace rana. Muƙamuƙan iko suna taimakawa wajen jimre wa ganima: katantanwa, ƙasa molluscs, slugs.
Abin da dabbobi suke a cikin Kirimiya iya rayuwa, masanan kimiyyar dabbobi da kuma masoyan yanayin farko sun sani. Yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka rayu a baya sun ɓata ga yankin teku. Waɗannan su ne fox, wolverine, beaver, marmot, bear da sauran nau'ikan.
Duniyar tsuntsayen ruwa ta cancanci wani kwatancen daban. Tsibirin Tsibirin Swan sananne ne ga mulkin mallaka na gull. Dubun dubatar swans suna yin hunturu a gabar teku kuma suna zama yayin zafin nama. Herons, mallards, dogon-hanci mercen, mering cranes a cikin steppe duniya na Crimea.
Fiye da nau'in 200 na dangin tsuntsaye an yi musu rajista a yankin tsibirin. Babu kusan masana cuta daga cikinsu. Maganinta da narkar da ƙasa a cikin noma babbar matsala ce, wanda ke haifar da asarar gida da wurin zama ga tsuntsaye.
Adanawa da haɓaka kayan fauna na wani yanki na musamman tare da yankuna daban-daban na yanayi yana da mahimmanci ga daidaitaccen yanayin halitta, alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane da duniyar dabbobi.
