Yawancin masunta da yawa sun san littafin masanin kimiyyar Rasha-masanin kimiyyar dabbobi da na halitta LP Sabaneev "Kifin Rasha". Ga masoya na gaskiya ga kamun kifi, haruffa ne na tebur. Daga cikin nau'ikan samfuran da aka bayyana a cikin wannan aikin mai ban mamaki, akwai kifi ɗaya, wanda kusan shi ne mai rikodin yawan sunaye.
Ana samuwa a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasarmu, kuma ana kiransa daban a ko'ina. Bleak, bleak, sillyavka, whitefish, dergunets, selyava - waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan sunayen ne waɗanda aka sanya wa wannan mazaunin kogin.
Abin sha'awa! Ba ta da matsayi na musamman na kamun kifi, amma masunta masu son ta suna girmama ta. Daga ita, mutane da yawa sun haɓaka sha'awar kamun kifi, wanda ba ya ƙarewa.
Wane irin kifi ne da yadda ake kama shi - za mu faɗa muku cikin tsari.
Bayani da fasali
Bleak wani ɗan ƙaramin kifi ne na dangi. Abubuwan da aka fi sani sune girman 12-15 cm, kodayake a wuraren da akwai abinci mai yawa, ya kai 20-25 cm.Kuma nauyin kifin ma bai tsaya ba - misali shine 60-80 g, ƙasa da sau da yawa yakan kusanci 100 g.
Mallaka abin da ake kira tsautsayi launi: yana da duhu mai duhu na launin toka mai launin toka-kore, wani lokacin yana ba da launi mai launin shuɗi, da cikin azurfa. Hakanan an rufe ingin da launuka daban-daban. Dorsal da caudal suna da kaho a cikin launi kusan gawayi, yayin da sauran suna da ɗan ja ko rawaya.
Sikeli ba sa riƙe tam, ƙari kuma, suna da manne sosai - bayan taɓawa, za su iya zama a hannu ko abubuwa. A bayyane, wannan fasalin ya ba da sunan ga uwar gida. Sau ɗaya a cikin Sin, ana amfani da sikeli don samar da lu'ulu'u mai ɗorewa mai inganci.
Sun jiƙa shi a cikin ruwa, sun kwance bawon zoben, sun buge shi, sun ƙara ɗan manna - kuma sun sami samfurin gama-gari don samar da lu'lu'u, wanda ake kira Eastern Essence. Ya kasance sananne musamman a Faransa.
Kifin yana da bakin raɗaɗi tare da ƙananan buɗe baki. Godiya ga wannan, a natse take tattara kwari daga saman ruwan. Jiki yana da tsayi, kunkuntar, ya bayyana a bayyane cikin ruwa. Amma mafi mahimmancin fasalin rauni shine ɗanɗano. Naman ta yana da taushi, mai kitso, kusan baya jin kamshin kifi. Yana sanya kyakkyawan kunne ko cika kek.
A ina aka sami mummunan rauni
Uklea wakilin kowa ne na karamin kifin kifi a yankin Turai na Rasha. An samo shi a cikin kogunan kogunan tekuna 5: kudu uku - Black, Azov, Caspian, da 2 arewa - Baltic da White. Ba ta da damuwa, za ta iya rayuwa ba kawai a cikin manya da ƙananan koguna ba, har ma a cikin tabkuna, kududdufai da ruwa mai tsabta mai tsabta da ƙasan yashi. Ana iya samun sa a cikin rafi ko a tafki.
Babban sharadin shine dole ne ruwan ya zama mai tsabta kuma ba mai sauri ba. Kifi mai fara'a da mai rai yana neman kasancewar iskar oxygen a cikin asalin garin, yana motsawa ba tare da gajiyawa ba, baya ɓoyewa a cikin manyan dazuzzuka masu yawa, amma yana ƙoƙarin tserewa zuwa wani tsit, mai tsafta ba tare da saurin ruwa ba.
Ainihi yana zaɓar matakan sama na tafki, suna ƙoƙarin barin barin wuraren buɗewa. Ya faru cewa ya bayyana a cikin ruwan bakin kogunan bakin ruwa, amma ya fi saninsa - wurare a ƙarƙashin dutse. Yin yawo a cikin garken. A lokacin sanyi, kawai suna samun wurare masu zurfi, ba sa yin dogon motsi.
Balaga na jima'i yana faruwa a shekaru 3. A wannan lokacin, tsawon sa ya kai kimanin cm 8. Ya haɓaka a lokacin yini, "a cikin rabo" a matakai da yawa. Lokacin jinkiri shine farkon lokacin rani, daga Yuni zuwa Yuli, lokacin da ruwan ya riga ya dumi, ba ƙasa da digiri 16 ba.
Bleak ya fi son jikin ruwa mai tsabta tare da ƙasan yashi
Mafi kyawun katanga 5 don kama rauni
Kifi sun fi aiki yayin haske. Suna frolic, juya, farauta. A lokaci guda, galibi suna tsalle daga tafkin bayan kwari masu tashi. Suna ciyar da kananan crustaceans, larvae, kwai kifi - duk abin da ya zama zooplankton. Yana faruwa cewa suna cin naman kawunansu. Amma baya rasa damar taunar algae. Dangane da irin waɗannan fifiko, an zaɓi zaɓaɓɓun haɗe-haɗe. Mafi shahararrun sune:
- Tsutsa - tsutsa mai tashi da nama. Whiteananan fararen tsutsotsi, masu gina jiki don kifi. Akwai a shagunan kamun kifi.
- Ciwon jini - jan tsutsa na sauro mai iyo. Ana iya gani sosai a cikin ruwa mai tsabta. An sayar a cikin shaguna
- Burdock tashi... Whiteananan fararen tsutsotsi masu kamannin ganga suna rayuwa a cikin sandunan burdock.
- Mormysh... Ruwan kwandon ruwa mai ɓawon ruwa. Yana faruwa a cikin shago.
- Kyakkyawan koto - amedunƙarar oat, ko kuma gurasar da aka nika da man shanu mai ƙanshi. A cikin shagunan kamun kifi, ana sayar da kullu da aka shirya da dandano da yawa. Kodayake kai ma zaka iya cakuda shi da kanka.
Yawancin lokaci ana zaɓar ɗamarar da ƙarfi, kowane masunci yakan girmama girke-girke na shekaru. Jirgi don kama rauni daidai yake da roach - romon burodi, waina, dunƙulen burodi ko ma yashi kogi kawai. Babban abu shi ne jefa tarko a wuri guda, in ba haka ba kifin zai watse a kan tafki. A cikin yanayin sanyi - a kaka ko hunturu - ana ciyar da su da kwarin jini.
Baarin kuɗaɗe na yau da kullun zai yi aiki don mummunan kama kifi
Wani lokaci na shekara, menene kuma yadda za'a kama bakin ciki
Kamawa mai rauni mafi ban sha'awa daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, dole ne a zaɓi lokaci kafin 9 na safe da kuma bayan 5 na yamma, kafin duhu. Kifin yana kusa da farfajiyar, yana da sauƙi a ganshi a cikin da'irar karkata. Gaskiya ne, yana iya tafiya ba zato ba tsammani zuwa zurfin, to ana samun sa a tsakiyar layin ruwa ko a ƙasan.
Kamawa mara kyau a cikin bazara aiwatar da taimakon sandar shaƙatawa da sandar juyawa (idan kuna buƙatar jefa ƙwanƙwasawa zuwa wurin da ake so, sa'annan ku ja shi baya tare da taimakon ƙwanƙwasa). Ana zaba sandunan juyawa na zamani bisa ga gwajin, wanda aka yiwa alama akan sanda.
Mafi shahararrun lokacin da kamun kifi don rauni shine sanduna masu juyawa (nauyin ƙwanƙwasa har zuwa 7 g) da sandunan juyawa masu haske (har zuwa 15 g). Zaku iya siyan sandunan zinare 2 na gwaji daban-daban. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don tantance aikin sandar juyawa. Wannan martani ne na ɗan lokaci na kaya don canjin kaya. Ta faru azumi, matsakaici da kuma jinkirin.
Maƙewa suna kiran wannan aikin siga (taper) kuma suna nunawa daidai da: Azumi (Superfast), Moderat, Slow. Bazara magance don kama mummunan rauni haske, suna neman kifi a zurfin har zuwa rabin mita, suna jefa bait ba tare da fantsama ba. Uklea tana da kunya sosai.
Masunta daga jirgin ruwa yafi tasiri a lokacin kaka. A lokacin sanyi mai sanyi, suna kamun kifi da sandunan kamun kifi na hunturu. Leaasan yana tarawa a cikin ƙaramin yanki, yana cika ramuka a garken a zurfin zurfin. Ya faru cewa tsawon lokacin hunturu ba ya canza wurin sa. Ya fi dacewa ga masu farawa sandar kama kifi don kama rauni ba tare da reel ba - "filly" ko digo - "balalaika", kuma gogaggen masunta suna ƙara sandar kamun kifi tare da ƙyalli da makama ga kayan aikin.
Fasali na kama bakin jini tare da sandar shaƙatawa
Ana yin kamun kifi da fata a cikin sha'awar wasanni, ko kuma azaman kamun kifi mai kama da dabbobi. Mafi shahararren abin takaici - sandar shaƙatawa - yana da kyau saboda yana da nauyi, ana iya kunna shi, tare da taimakonsa aikin yana da daɗi da ban sha'awa. Amma wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine zaɓin zaɓi mai kyau.
Kwararrun masun kifi suna kiran irin wannan sanda mara kyau. Bakin sandar kamun kifi zabi wuya da haske, 3-4 m, tare da tip mai motsi. Tsawon ya fi dacewa don kada hannu ya gaji da yin waving koyaushe. Bleak taso kan ruwa zaɓi tare da carryingarfin ɗaukar nauyi, ɗauke nauyin da ya dace da shi.
Dole ne ya zama mai karko, yana tsaye, ba tare da la’akari da iska ko ruwan da ke gudana ba. Ana ba da shawarar faduwa da mazugi mai yawo tare da dogon tsayi. Rigun ya hada da layi wanda yake da diamita har zuwa 0.12 mm, ƙugiya - A'a. 2,5, ƙaramin jirgin ruwa da nauyinsa ya kai 0.02 g. Wani lokaci ana amfani da mashin na maski, yana ɗaura layin ta hanyar abubuwan birgewa.
A cikin hoton akwai shaƙatawa da ake amfani dasu don ɗaukar rauni
Kwararrun masun kifi suna amfani da ƙugiya tare da dogon shank da ƙaramin katako, wanda aka yi da waya mai inganci. Tukwici: Shirya riguna da yawa tare da ruwa daban-daban don kamun kifi, zaku sami lokaci lokacin kamun kifi.
Suna jefa sandar kamun kifi daga baya, nan da nan suka jawo kifin mai son sani. Wasu mutane suna kama rauni a hannu biyu - suna ciyar da ɗayan da ɗayan kuma suna haɗa su. Fata mai kama da damuwa - darasin ba mai dadi ba ne. A kowane hali, lokaci yana wucewa mai ban sha'awa a cikin iska mai kyau, banda haka, kifin da aka kama yana da daɗi sosai.
