Mikiya ta Philippines (Pithecophaga jefferyi) na cikin umarnin Falconiformes.
Alamomin waje na gaggafa ta Philippines
Mikiya ta Philippine babbar tsuntsu ce mai farauta daga cm 86-102 a cikin girmanta tare da babban baki da gashin tsuntsaye masu tsayi a bayan kai, wadanda suke kama da tsefe mai zafin nama.
Lilin fuskar yana da duhu, a bayan kai da kambin kai yana da mau kirim-mai tsami tare da baƙaƙen tabo na akwatin. Jiki na sama yana da duhu mai duhu tare da gefuna masu haske. Warfafawa da warfafawa farare ne. Iris yana da launin toka. Bakin bakin yana da tsawo da kuma tsaho, launin toka mai duhu. Legafafu rawaya ne, tare da manyan fika masu duhu.
Maza da mata suna kama da kamanni.
Kaji an rufe shi da farin ƙasa. Fitsarin samarin gaggafa na Filipino kamar na tsuntsayen manya ne, amma gashin da ke saman jiki yana da fari iyaka. A cikin gudu, gaggafa ta Filipino an rarrabe ta da farin kirji, doguwar wutsiya da kuma fikafikan zagaye.
Yaduwar gaggafa ta Philippines
Mikiya ta Philippine tana fama da Philippines. An rarraba wannan nau'in a Gabashin Luzon, Samara, Leyte da Mindanao. Mafi yawan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a Mindanao, an kiyasta yawansu a nau'ikan kiwo 82-233. Nau'i shida sun haɗu akan Samara kuma mai yiwuwa biyu akan Leyte, kuma aƙalla ma'aurata ɗaya akan Luzon.
Wuraren gaggafa na Philippine
Gaggafa ta Philippine tana zaune a gandun daji na farko da ake kira dipterocarp. Ya fi so musamman gangaren dutse tare da gandun daji na gallery, amma bai bayyana a ƙarƙashin rufin daji ba. A cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu, ana kiyaye shi a tsawan mita 150 zuwa 1450.
Sake bugun gaggafa na Filipino
Kimanin kiyasi da aka yi a kan nazarin rarraba gurbi na gaggafa ta Filifins a Mindanao ya nuna cewa kowane tsuntsayen suna bukatar matsakaicin kilomita 133 su zauna, gami da gandun daji 68 km2. A cikin Mindanao, gaggafa sun fara yin farauta daga Satumba zuwa Disamba a cikin firamare da wuraren rikicewar daji, amma tare da wasu bambance-bambance a lokacin kiwo a Mindanao da Luzon.
Cikakken zagayen rayuwa yana ɗaukar shekaru biyu don ma'aurata suna renon zuriya. A wannan lokacin, samari ne kaɗai ke girma. Mikiya ta Philippine tsuntsaye ne masu son auren mace daya wadanda suke zama nau'i-nau'i na dindindin. Mata suna iya haifuwa suna da shekara biyar, kuma maza daga baya, a shekara bakwai. Lokacin da abokin zama ya mutu, baƙon abu ba ne ga gaggafa ta Filipino, sauran tsuntsayen da suka rage suna neman sabon abokin zama.
A lokacin kiwo, gaggafa ta Filipino suna nuna jiragen sama, a tsakankanin abin da juna ke shawagi, bi-ruwa, da jiragen kasa. Yayin shawagi a cikin da'ira, duk tsuntsayen suna tafiya cikin sauki a cikin iska, yayin da namijin yakan tashi sama da na mace. Wasu gaggafa sun gina babbar gida tare da diamita sama da mita. Tana can karkashin rufin dajin dipterocarp ko manyan ferns na epiphytic. Kayan gini rubabbun rassa ne da kananan bishiyoyi, wadanda aka tara su a saman juna.
Mace na yin kwai daya.
Kajin yana kyankyashe cikin kwanaki 60 kuma baya barin gida tsawon makonni 7-8. Earamar mikiya zata zama mai cin gashin kanta bayan ta kai watanni 5. Ya rage a cikin gida har shekara ɗaya da rabi. Mikiya ta Filipino ta zauna a tsare tsawon shekaru 40.
Gaggafa na ciyarwa
Abincin gaggafa na Filipinas ya bambanta daga tsibiri zuwa tsibiri:
- A kan Mindinao, babban abin da ungulu ta Philippine ke kamawa shi ne lemurs mai tashi;
- Yana ciyar da nau'ikan beraye masu haɗari akan Luzon.
Abincin ya hada har da dabbobi masu shayarwa masu matsakaici: bishiyar dabino, kananan barewa, kurege masu tashi sama, jemagu da birai. Mikiya na Philippines suna farautar macizai, suna lura da kadangaru, tsuntsaye, jemage da birai.
Tsuntsaye masu farauta suna sauka daga kan gida daga saman tsauni kuma a hankali suna gangarowa daga gangaren, sannan suka hau kan dutsen suka sauka zuwa ƙasan. Suna amfani da wannan hanyar ta shawagi don adana kuzari ta hanyar kashe kuzari don hawa zuwa saman tsaunin. Nau'ukan tsuntsaye nau'i-nau'i wasu lokuta sukan yi farauta tare. Mikiya tana yin kamun kafa, tana jan hankalin wasu gungun birai, yayin da abokin zamanta ke kamo biri daga baya. Mikiya na Filipino wani lokacin sukan kai hari ga dabbobin gida kamar su tsuntsaye da aladu.
Dalilan raguwar adadin gaggafar Philippines
Lalacewar dazuzzuka da kuma gutsurewar mazaunin da ke faruwa yayin sare dazuzzuka, sake fasalin ƙasa don amfanin gona sune babbar barazanar ga wanzuwar gaggafa ta Philippines. Bacewar ɓataccen gandun daji yana ci gaba cikin hanzari, kamar akwai kilomita 9,220 kawai don yin gida. Bugu da kari, galibin sauran dazuzukan da ke sauran filaye suna haya. Ci gaban masana'antar hakar ma'adinai na haifar da ƙarin barazanar.
Farautar da ba ta da iko, kame tsuntsaye don gidajen zoo, nune-nunen da kasuwanci ma babbar barazana ce ga gaggafar Philippines. Mikiya da ba ta da ƙwarewa cikin sauƙi sun faɗa cikin tarkunan da mafarauta suka sa su. Yin amfani da magungunan ƙwari don maganin amfanin gona na iya haifar da raguwar ƙimar haihuwa. Ratesananan kiwo yana shafar adadin tsuntsayen da zasu iya haihuwar 'ya'ya.
Matsayin kiyayewa na gaggafar Philippine
Gaggafa ta Philippines tana daya daga cikin halittun gaggafa da ba su da yawa a duniya. A cikin Littafin Ja, yana da nau'in haɗari. Raguwar sauri sosai cikin yalwar tsuntsayen da basu cika faruwa ba a cikin ƙarni uku da suka gabata, bisa la'akari da ƙaruwar asarar muhalli.
Matakai don kariyar gaggafa ta Philippines
Mikiya ta Philippine (Pithecophaga jefferyi) doka ta kiyaye ta Philippines. Kasuwancin duniya da fitowar tsuntsaye an iyakance shi ne ga CITES app. An gabatar da wasu tsare-tsare don kare mikiya da ba safai ba, ciki har da dokar da ta hana neman da kuma kare gurbi, aikin bincike, kamfen din wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma ayyukan kiwo da aka kame.
Ana gudanar da aikin kiyayewa a wurare da yawa masu kariya, ciki har da Sierra Madre Northern Nature Park a Luzon, Kitanglad MT, da Mindanao Natural Parks. Akwai Gidauniyar Mikiya ta Philippine, wacce ke aiki a Davao, Mindanao, kuma ke kula da yunƙurin kiwo, sarrafawa da kuma kiyaye yawan namun daji na Philippine. Gidauniyar tana aiki don ci gaban shirin don sake dawo da tsuntsayen da ba su da yawa. Lashirƙirar da ƙona noma ana sarrafa shi da dokokin gida. Ana amfani da koren sintiri don kare mazaunin gandun daji. Shirin ya ba da ƙarin bincike kan rarrabawa, yalwa, buƙatun muhalli da kuma barazanar nau'ikan nau'in.
