Farin amur babban kifi mai kyan gaske daga dangin Karpov. Ana ƙimanta shi don abubuwan amfani. Yana girma da sauri, ya daidaita da kyau ga abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli na ɗakunan ruwa daban-daban. Kifi ne na kasuwanci. Tare da kyakkyawan ɗanɗano, hakan yana haifar da ƙarin fa'idodi ga tafkunan ruwa, yana tsarkake su daga ciyawar ruwa mai yawa da take ci.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Amur
Ciyawar ciyawar (Ctenopharyngon idella) na dangin Carp ne, tsarin Carp, ajin kifin Bony. Wannan nau'ikan ya fito ne daga Gabashin Asiya, inda rarrabawa yake da yawa har ma a yanzu, yana farawa daga Kogin Amur kuma yana isa kan iyakokin kudancin China.
Bidiyo: Farin Cupid
Belamur ya bayyana a cikin kogunan Rasha yayin Tarayyar Soviet, lokacin da a farkon shekarun 60 aka gabatar da shi kuma ya dace da shi don magance ciyawar ruwa mai yawa. Yana tsaftace jikin ruwa sosai, yana cin abinci har zuwa kilogiram 2 na tsirrai na ruwa a kilogiram 1 na nauyin jikinshi a cikin kwana ɗaya. A matsakaici, babban mutum yana iya cin kusan kilogram 20-30 na algae kowace rana.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Farin kifi yana iya cin abinci ba kawai tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba, har ma yana iya cin ciyawar ƙasa, saboda wannan dalili yana zuwa wuraren ambaliyar kogi. An yi rikodin lamura yayin da wakilan jinsin suka yi tsalle daga cikin ruwa don kama tsire-tsire a ƙasa.
Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin magudanan ruwa na ban ruwa da kuma madatsun ruwa da ake amfani dasu don sanyaya tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, kifi ba zai iya haihuwa ba, kuma haifuwarsu tana faruwa ne tare da taimakon larvae da aka kawo daga Krasnodar Territory da Moldova.
Farin kifi kifi ne mai amfani wanda ake kiwo dashi don kasuwanci. Yana da dandano mai kyau. Naman mai, mai daɗi da mai yawa, fari, mai gina jiki. Hantar ciyawar ciyawar ma tana da daraja, ana amfani da ita don abinci, hanta babba ce, tare da kayan mai mai ƙima.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Kifin Amur
Kifin ciyawar babban kifi ne, wanda ya kai tsayin 1.2 m kuma ya kai nauyin kilogiram 40. Jiki yana da siffar mirgine mai elongated, wasu lalatattun abubuwa ana lura dasu a ɓangarorin. Kan yana kasa, bakin yana madaidaici, gefen bayan bakin baya wucewa gefen gefen idanu a cikin layi na tsaye. Gaban yana da fadi sosai.
Hakoran na musamman ne - wadanda ke cikin layuka 2, wadanda aka matse su ta kaikaice, gefen hakoran suna da kaifi sosai, ana iya kwatanta shi da zarto, tare da yanayin da bai dace ba. Sikeli babba ne, mai yawa, tare da duhu mai duhu wanda yake gefen gefen kowane sikelin. A kan ciki, sikeli mai haske ne, ba tare da bakin dutse ba. Baya da ciki suna zagaye tsakanin fikaikun.
Fin:
- fin fin din yana da fasali mai dan kadan, yana farawa kadan a gaban fincin kashin baya, fin din yana da girma, amma ba mai tsawo ba, yana da rassa 7 da kuma hasken wuta 3 wadanda ba a cire su ba;
- fincin gindi ba ya kaiwa dubura;
- finafinan finafinan an zagaye kadan, ƙarami a girma, tare da rassa 8 da kuma rawanin da basu da rassa 3;
- finafinan caudal babba ne, ƙwarewar sa matsakaici ce.
Duk ƙwanƙolin wuta haske ne kawai banda caudal da dorsal. Bayan bayan ciyawar ciyawa kore ne mai launin toka, gefen yana da haske zinariya, tare da ma'auni 40-47 da ke gefen layin. A saman gills akwai operculum, wanda ratsi yake bambanta radially. Gills tare da kaɗan da gajeren stamens. Idanun suna da iris na zinare. Farin katun yana da kashin baya 42-46 da duhu, kusan baƙar fata.
Ina White Cupid yake zaune?
Hotuna: Amur kai tsaye
Mahalli na kifi sune Asiya ta Gabas, wato, daga Kogin Amur da kuma kudu, zuwa Xijiang. A cikin Rasha, kifayen kifayen suna zaune a cikin kogin suna iri ɗaya, tsakiyarta da ƙananan ya kai. Tare da manufar haɓakawa a cikin 60s na karni na 20, an ƙaddamar da kifi zuwa koguna da yawa na USSR.
Daga cikinsu:
- Don;
- Dnieper;
- Volga;
- Kuban;
- Amur;
- Enisey da sauransu.
An aiwatar da mamayewar da nufin tsarkakewa daga tarin tsire-tsire.
Hakanan, gabatar da kifi a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai kyau an aiwatar dashi:
- Amirka ta Arewa;
- Turai;
- Asiya;
- akan Sakhalin.
Babban makasudin gabatarwar shine kiwon kifi azaman abu don kiwon kifi. Ya samo asali ne musamman a cikin Kogin Sungari, Tafkin Khanka, Kogin Ussuri, a cikin kogunan China, a kan Don, a kan Volga.
Yanzu irin kifin ciyawar yana rayuwa a kusan dukkanin tafkunan ruwa, manyan tafkuna da tsarin tafkin-kogi:
- Moldova;
- Europeanasashen Turai na Rasha;
- Belarus;
- Asiya ta Tsakiya;
- Yukren;
- Kazakhstan.
Kasancewar kifi a cikin koguna, magudanan ruwa da tafkuna ana tabbatar dashi ne ta hanyar kwazo na wucin gadi.
Me Amur yake ci?
Photo: Farin kifi kifi
Yanayi mai mahimmanci game da kasancewar kifi shine kasancewar yawan ciyayi masu yawa, tunda ciyawar ciyawar kifi ce mai cin ciyawa kuma tana cin abinci ne kawai akan tsirrai. Da farko, zooplankton da ƙananan ɓawon burodi suna zama abinci ga irin kifin ciyawa. Yayin da yake girma, yayin da ya kai tsawon hanji daga 6 zuwa 10 cm, kifin ya sauya zuwa ciyar da shuke-shuke.
Abincin tsire shine babban sashi a cikin abincin, amma wasu lokuta daidaikun mutane na iya cin kifin ƙuruciya. Rashin dacewa ga abinci shine babban fasalin halayyar cin abinci. Duk da yake a cikin kandami, yana iya farin cikin cin abincin da aka tsara don kifin kifi.
Abincin tsire-tsire wanda aka fi so da ciyawar ciyawa:
- ciyawa mai laushi;
- elodeus;
- duckweed;
- filamentous;
- chilim;
- ƙaho;
- pdest;
- ganyen reed;
- kwantar da hankali;
- m algae.
Ya fi son wadataccen abinci, don haka yana son mai taushi da pre-yanke reed ganye. Koyaya, lokacin da abincin "wanda aka fi so" ba ya nan, cupid zai fara cin komai, ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, gami da tsire-tsire masu tasowa, wanda yake jawowa kuma ya tokare shi. Yana cin wani sashi, amma yana tofa albarkacin bakinsa da yawa. Iya cin gwoza fi, kabeji ganye, Clover.
Yanayin zafin jiki daga 25 zuwa 30 ° C shine mafi dacewa don ciyar da abinci na cupid.Yawan abincin da ake ci a wannan yanayin zafin ya kai kashi 120% na nauyin sa. Tsarin narkewa a cikin wannan nau'in yana da sauri, abincin da yake wucewa ta gajeriyar hanyar hanji ba a shanye shi gaba daya. Da wuya ƙwarai, azaman zaɓi mai yiwuwa, yana cin kwari, leɓe, molluscs.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin hunturu, lokacinda zafin jiki yayi ƙarancin kuma bai isa ba, kuma wani lokacin babu abincin kayan lambu kwata-kwata, bazai yuwu da komai ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa jiki ya tara wadataccen kayan abinci yayin lokacin cin abinci mai aiki. A lokaci guda, akwai raguwar kumburi da dukkan ayyukan jikin mutane.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Kifin Amur
Belamur yayi ƙaura a cikin ƙauyukanta na asali dangane da ƙimar yanayi. Lokacin da yake dumi, yana cikin rafin koguna, kuma yana kusa da yanayin sanyi kuma a lokacin hunturu yana rayuwa ne a tashar ruwa, inda zai iya taruwa cikin garken a cikin ramin kogin.
Irin kifin ciyawar yana da matukar birgima, ma'ana, yana amfani da madaidaitaccen nau'in abinci don abinci mai gina jiki - waɗannan galibi tsirrai ne na ruwa, kuma ana iya amfani da tsire-tsire na ƙasa waɗanda ke girma a kan gangaren koguna da wuraren tafki. Don yaga tsire, yana amfani da muƙamuƙi, kuma tare da taimakon haƙoran pharyngeal, zaren shuke-shuke sun lalace. Yara masu ƙarancin ƙasa da 3 cm za a iya amfani dasu don ciyar da ƙananan ɓawon burodi, ɓawon burodi da kayan ado.
Balaga tsakanin jima'i a cikin mahalli daban-daban na faruwa a lokuta mabanbanta. Don haka, a cikin asalin ƙasarsu - kwarin Kogin Amur, balagowar jima'i na faruwa shekaru 10. A cikin kogunan kasar Sin kadan a baya, zuwa shekaru 8-9.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wakilan jinsunan da ke rayuwa a cikin kogunan Cuba sun isa balaga da wuri, da shekaru 1-2.
Caviar an ba da spawn a cikin rabo, an shimfiɗa spawn akan lokaci:
- a cikin kogunan kasar Sin daga watan Afrilu zuwa Agusta;
- a cikin kwamin Amur a lokacin Yuni da Yuli. Hakanan ana ɗauka ɗayan lokaci ɗaya.
Caviar pelagic ne, ma'ana, yana iyo a cikin ruwan ruwa. Kwanaki 3 bayan da aka shuka ƙwai, tsutsa ta fito daga gare su, yana da mahimmanci kada zafin ruwan ya zama ƙasa da 20 ° C. Ba da daɗewa ba soyayyen ya nufi bakin tekun, inda suke da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata, gami da abinci - ƙwari, ƙwari, ƙananan ɓawon burodi, algae. Bayan jiki yayi girma 3 cm, sai ya canza zuwa ciyar da ciyayi.
Belamur bashi da kunya, amma yana mai da hankali. Yana da wuraren ɓoye, misali, a ƙasan ramin kogi ko a cikin rassa. Hanyoyin da kifin yayi iyo iri ɗaya ne. A lokutan rana, yana son yin iyo a cikin manyan ɗakunan dumi na tafki.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Belamur
Manya na wannan nau'in na iya taruwa a cikin makarantu, wannan abin lura ne musamman lokacin sanyi, wanda kifi ke kashewa a cikin rami a ƙasan kogin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin sanyi na lokacin hunturu, glandon fata na musamman suna samar da sirrin daskararru, farin filament wanda zasu iya shawagi a cikin ruwa, don haka bayar da wuraren samun kifin mai tarin yawa.
Bayan ya balaga, (a matsakaicin shekaru 7) a lokacin bazara, Amur ya tafi fage. Ya kamata ya zama ruwa mara zurfi, tare da tushe mai ƙarfi, wanda asalinsa dutse ne ko yumbu. Isasshen kwarara da zafin jiki na ruwa na 25 ° C ana ɗauka da mahimmanci.
Mace ta haihu a matsakaita game da ƙwai dubu 3.5, suna iyo a cikin manyan ɗakunan ruwa mai ɗumi, wanda daga nan ya bazu tare da kwararar ruwa. Bayan kwana 3, larvae suna fitowa daga ƙwai.
A cikin mako guda, tsutsa, bayan an kafa ta a baya a kan tsire-tsire na ruwa na tafkin, ya yi girma don soya. Malek, kasancewarsa a cikin yankin bakin teku, yana ciyar da zooplankton da ƙwayoyin halittar benthos. Bayan ya kai tsayin 3 cm, Malek ya sauya zuwa abincin mai cin ganyayyaki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A karkashin yanayi mara kyau - rashin abinci, mai ƙarfi a yanzu, saurin jujjuyawar zafin jiki, dakatar da haifuwa da ƙwai sun lalace, abin da ake kira resorption.
Abokan gaba na farin kofuna
Hotuna: Amur
Babban mutum na White Cupid yana da girma mai girma, godiya ga wanda ba shi da abokan gaba na asali a cikin yanayin kogunan ruwa. Amma har yanzu kanana, masu girma, akwai haɗari da yawa, gami da:
- yanayi mara kyau mara kyau, canjin canjin yanayin zafi, canje-canje a saurin halin yanzu, fari, ambaliyar ruwa;
- kwari, amphibians, wasu dabbobin da zasu iya ciyar da caviar. La'akari da cewa ba ƙwai da yawa ake haihuwa ba, wannan na iya ma yin barazanar kasancewar yawan mutane;
- don kifi karami da matsakaici, kifi mai farauta, gami da pike da kifin kifi, suna haifar da barazana ne kawai idan muna magana ne game da ruwan buɗaɗɗen ruwa;
- tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a kusa da jikin ruwa, da kuma tsuntsaye masu ruwa, na iya ciyar da kanana da matsakaitan wakilai na jinsin, wanda kuma ya shafi mummunan yanayin yawan adadi;
- mutum da rashin kulawarsa da kuma wani lokacin kwadayi game da kamun kifi.
Tunda Amur kifi ne mai dadi kuma mai lafiya, duk mai kamun kifi yana kokarin kamo shi. Matsalolin muhalli, da rashin alheri, suna kan girma. Ruwa ya gurɓata da sharar gida da fitarwa daga samar da sinadarai; don haɓaka fa'idodi, ana haɓaka abubuwan haɓaka da homon don ciyarwa, wanda ke canza duk biocenosis na tsarin muhalli.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Farin katun a cikin ruwa
Belamur kifi ne mai darajar darajar kasuwanci da ƙimar tsarkakewa. Girman yawan jama'a a cikin kewayon ɗabi'unsa (kogunan Amur) sun kasance kuma sun kasance ƙananan. An lura da wani yanayi daban-daban bayan aiwatar da mamayewa da haɗuwa a cikin ruwa daban-daban na duniya. Kasancewar sa mabukaci na kayan abinci, belamur yana girma cikin sauri, ƙari, baya yin gasa tare da wasu nau'in kifi dangane da yanayin abinci mai gina jiki.
Abinda kawai ke kawo cikas ga yawan ci-rani shine ƙarancin yanayi mai kyau don haihuwa. Anan suka koma kawo garin soya daga mazauninsu na asali da haihuwa da sabon tsari. Sabili da haka, a halin yanzu, mai mamaye kofuna yakan ba da babban kaso na jimlar kamawa.
A matsayin samfurin abinci, an yiwa cupid daraja sosai. Baya ga dandano mai kyau, naman nasa kuma yana da kyawawan abubuwa.
A cikin kamun kifi yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi so, tare da irin kifi, wanda ba shi da wata gasa a cikin kayan abinci. Saboda gaskiyar cewa kifin ba shi da ma'ana, wanda ke da saurin ci gaba, yana taimakawa wajen tsabtace jikin ruwa daga wuce gona da iri, kasancewar shi ameliorator ne, ya fi so a kiwo.
Farin amur mai kyau wakilin Karpov. Kyakkyawan kifi mai girman ban sha'awa. Wanda bai dace da yanayin wanzuwar ba. Yana da halaye masu amfani da yawa, daga cikinsu tsarkakewar magudanan ruwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, da ƙwarewar abinci mai kyau da kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Haɗa cikin jikin ruwa na ƙasashe daban-daban. Ana amfani da namo don dalilan kasuwanci.
Ranar bugawa: 03/21/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 18.09.2019 a 20:39
