Tutsar sulug Mollusc ne na ajin gastropod, wanda a ciki aka rage harsashi zuwa farantin ciki ko jere na tsakuwa ko kuma baya nan. Akwai dubunnan nau'ikan silsilar da za a iya samu a duk duniya. Siffofin da aka fi sani sune gastropods na ruwa kamar slugs na teku da katantanwa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: uganƙara
Slugs na cikin babban rukunin dabbobi - gastropods. An kiyasta cewa akwai kusan nau'in 100,000 na molluscs kuma, ban da gastropods, duk sauran azuzuwan rayuwar teku ne. Siffofin da aka fi sani sune gastropods na ruwa kamar slugs na teku da katantanwa.
Tutsin silili shine ainihin katantanwa mara tushe wanda ya samo asali daga katantanwa. Har wa yau, yawancin slugs har yanzu suna da ragowar wannan harsashi, wanda ake kira "alkyabba," wanda yawanci gallar ciki ce. Yawancin jinsuna suna da ƙaramin harsashi na waje.
Bidiyo: tutsar sulug
Rasa harsashi na iya zama kamar wata hanyar juyin halitta ce wacce ba hikima ba, saboda ta samar da wani tsari na kariya, amma sulhun yana da dabara. Ka gani, yanzu yana iya zamewa cikin sauƙi a tsakanin sararin ƙasa - abin da ba zai yuwu ba yayin ɗaukar ƙwarrar ƙugu a bayanta. Wannan ya buɗe sabuwar duniya don tarko ya zauna, duniya mai aminci daga yawancin masu cin ƙasar da har yanzu ke farautar katantanwa.
Matsalar ta motsa ta hanyar amfani da wani irin "kafa mai taurin kai", kuma tunda yana da kyau sosai kuma kasan tana da taushi, tana fitar da dusar da take hawa kanta. Wannan ƙashin gamji ne, ma'ana yana ɗaukar danshi kuma yana yin tasiri sosai. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa slugs suka fi son yanayin ruwa, bukatar samar da gamsai mai yawa a yanayin bushewa na iya haifar da rashin ruwa a jiki.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Hanyoyin slime ƙirar dabara ce. Tutsun ya rasa ruwa a cikin lakar sa, wanda ke iyakance aikin sa a ranakun sanyi, na dare ko ranakun da ake ruwan sama, amma man shafawa na dusar yana samar da kuzari wanda da ba haka ba da ake buƙata don shawo kan rikici.
Dole slugs su zama masu danshi ko zasu bushe su mutu. Wannan wani dalili ne yasa suka fi himma a cikin yanayin ruwa. Wannan kuma yana bayanin dalilin da yasa galibi suke dare - don kaucewa zafin rana. Ba kamar katantanwa ba, slugs ba su da bawo. Dukkanin jikinsu guda daya ne mai karfi, muscular kafa an rufe shi da laka, wanda ke taimakawa motsi a ƙasa kuma yana hana rauni. Slugs na iya amintar da duwatsu da sauran abubuwa masu kaifi, gami da reza.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya sullu yayi kama
Slugs na iya zama mai santsi, amma wani lokacin ruɗi ne - wasu an rufe su da laushin laushi. Ofayan ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan shine itacen busar bushiya, tsaka-tsaki. Ragewa zai iya daidaita jikinsa a tsaye kuma ya tsawaita shi sau 20 lokacin da yake buƙatar shiga ƙananan ramuka.
Ugugugguwar tana da nau'i biyu na abin da za a iya cirewa a saman kai (ana iya gajarta su). Wuraren ido masu sauƙin haske suna saman saman dogayen tebur. Hannun taɓawa da ƙanshi suna kan gajerun shinge. Kowane tantin da ya ɓace ana iya dawo dashi. A tutsar sulug tana da huhu ɗaya tak. Aananan rami ne a gefen dama na jiki. Baya ga huhu, tutsar na iya numfasawa ta cikin fata. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 30 na slugs a cikin girma daban-daban, siffofi da launuka.
Bakwai shahararrun suna da bayyanar mai zuwa:
- babban launin toka ko damisa Limax Maximus yana da girma ƙwarai, har zuwa cm 20. Yana da launuka iri-iri na launin toka, tare da launuka iri iri. An daga alkyabbar a kan kai;
- babban baƙar fata tarko Arion Ater shima babba ne, har zuwa cm 15. Launi ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa lemu mai haske;
- Budapest slug Tandonia budapestensis karami ne, har zuwa cm 6. Launi ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka; dogon keel tare da baya yawanci ya fi sauran jiki sauki;
- launin rawaya slug Limax flavus na matsakaiciyar girma, har zuwa cm 9. Rawaya ko koren gaba ɗaya, tare da kauri, da alfarwa mai launin shuɗi;
- lambunan lambu Arion Gortenis karami ne, har zuwa cm 4. Yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi; tafin ƙafa da gamsai rawaya-ruwan lemu ne;
- launin filayen launin toka Deroceras reticulatum karami ne, har zuwa cm 5. Launi ya bambanta daga kirim mai launi zuwa launin toka mai datti; ramin numfashi yana da kodadde baki;
- shelled slug Testacella haliotidea matsakaici, har zuwa cm 8. Launi - kodadde whitish rawaya. Rowuntatawa a kai fiye da wutsiya, tare da ƙaramin harsashi.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Duk da cewa slugs suna da jiki mai laushi, suna da hakora masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Kowannensu yana da ramin baka wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan hakora har zuwa 100,000 a kan radula ko harshe.
A ina slug yake rayuwa?
Photo: Yellow tutsar sulug
Ya kamata slugs su zauna a cikin damshi, wuraren zama masu duhu ko gidaje. Jikinsu yana da danshi, amma zasu iya bushewa idan basu da wurin zama mai laima. Galibi ana samun slugs a wuraren da mutane suka ƙirƙira, kamar lambuna da rumfuna. Ana iya samunsu a ko'ina cikin duniya idan dai mazauninsu yana da laima da sanyi.
Da alama kun fi saba da irin kayan lambu na tarko da katantanwa, amma gastropods sun bambanta don mallake yawancin mazaunan duniya, daga dazuzzuka zuwa hamada da kuma daga manyan tsaunuka zuwa rafuka masu zurfi.
Biritaniya ita ce gida mafi girma a duniya, Limax cinereoniger. An samo shi a cikin gandun daji na kudu da yamma, ya kai 30cm lokacin da ya girma sosai. Akwai kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan siliki 30 a Birtaniyya, kuma akasin abin da yawancin mutane suka yi imani da shi, yawancinsu ba sa yin lahani a cikin lambun. Wasu daga cikinsu ma suna da amfani, saboda suna ciyarwa galibi akan ciyayi masu lalacewa. Akwai nau'ikan halittu guda huɗu waɗanda ke yin duk ɓarnar, saboda haka yana da kyau a koya yadda za a gane waɗannan 'yan munanan zagon.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Ba kamar katantanwa ba, slugs ba sa rayuwa cikin ruwa mai daɗi. Ruwan slugs ya samo asali daban, kuma ya rasa baƙon kakanninsu.
Wasu nau'ikan, kamar su tutsar filin, suna rayuwa akan saman, suna tafiya ta hanyar tsirrai. Sauran, kamar tarko na lambu, suma suna kai hari ƙasa, tare da dankali da kwararan fitila musamman sanannu.
95aƙataccen kashi 95% na slugs a cikin lambun suna rayuwa ba tare da gani a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba, a kowane lokaci, wanda shine dalilin da yasa gaba ɗaya ƙwayoyin dabarun sarrafa kayan kwalliya ke samun saurin shahara tsakanin masu lambun. Daya daga cikin nau'ikan nematode shine gurguzu wanda yake rayuwa a karkashin kasa.
Menene slug ya ci?
Photo: Tutsar sulbi a gonar
Slugs suna da komai, wanda ke nufin cewa suna ciyar da shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Slugs ba zaba bane kuma zai ci kusan komai. Slugs na taimakawa wajen farfasa abubuwa lokacin da suka ci abinci sannan su maida shi ƙasa.
Suna cin ganyayyaki masu ruɓewa, mushe, da kusan kowane abu da zasu samu a duniya. Slugs nada matukar mahimmanci ga dabi'a saboda suna lalata abubuwan gina jiki idan suka ci su da kuma lokacin da suka dawo dasu ga muhalli, wanda hakan yana matukar taimakawa wajen samar da lafiyayyar kasa.
Tutsin silsi yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsa a cikin rami mai sanyi, rami. Yana bayyana ne da daddare don ciyar da ganye, ɓauren iri, saiwoyi, da ciyayi masu lalacewa. Wasu slugs suna cin nama. Suna ciyarwa akan wasu slugs da earthworms.
Slugs, na ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan katantanwa na huhu, suna da laushi, gaɓaɓɓun jikinsu kuma galibi an tsare su ne zuwa wuraren da ke cikin ƙasa mai laima (an san nau'in jinsin ruwa ɗaya). Wasu nau'ikan slugs suna lalata lambuna. A cikin yankuna masu sanyin jiki, zagin gargajiya na yau da kullun daga zafin daji, limacid, da dangin phylomicide suna ciyar da fungi da ganye masu lalacewa. Ana samun slugs na dangin herbivorous Veronicelids a cikin yankuna masu zafi. Ugsananan zagon da ke ciyarwa akan wasu katantanwa da ƙwarin duniya sun haɗa da katako daga Turai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: slaramar shuɗa
An daidaita slugs don rayuwa akan ƙasa da kan teku. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halittu masu rai, cire matattu, lalatattun tsire-tsire kuma suna zama mahimmin tushen abinci ga nau'in dabbobi daban-daban. A cikin yankuna da yawa, ana sanya slugs a matsayin kwari saboda zasu iya lalata tsire-tsire da lambun lambu.
Slime abu ne wanda ba a saba da shi ba, ba ruwa ko kauri. Yana yin tauri lokacin da tutar ta huta, amma ta sha yayin da aka matsa - a wata ma'anar, lokacin da sulusin ya fara motsawa. Ragewa yana amfani da sunadarai a cikin slime don nemo hanyar komawa gida (hanyar slime ta sauƙaƙe kewaya shi). Bushewar dusar ƙanshi ya bar saƙar azurfa. Tsira na kauce wa yanayi mai zafi saboda sauƙin rasa ruwa daga jiki. Yawanci yana aiki ne a lokacin bazara da kaka.
Slugs suna tafiya akan wurare da yawa, gami da duwatsu, datti, da itace, amma sun gwammace su zauna kuma suyi tafiya a wuraren da ke da ruwa don kare kansu. Muashin da slugs ɗin suka samar yana taimaka musu matsawa zuwa sassan tsaye kuma su daidaita daidaito. Motsi na slugs yana tafiya a hankali kuma a hankali yayin da suke aiki da tsokoki a cikin yankuna daban-daban kuma koyaushe suna samar da ƙashi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Babban tutsar sulug
Slugs sune hermaphrodites. Suna da al'aura maza da mata. Ragewa zai iya haɗuwa da kanta idan an buƙata, kuma duka jinsunan na iya samar da gungu na ƙananan ƙwai lu'u-lu'u. Ragewa yana sanya ƙwai 20 zuwa 100 a saman ƙasa (galibi a ƙarƙashin ganye) sau biyu a shekara. Guda daya zai iya haifar da jarirai 90,000 a rayuwa. Lokacin shiryawa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Qwai wasu lokuta suna kyankyashewa bayan 'yan shekaru na hutawa. Tutsin silili na iya rayuwa a cikin daji tsawon shekara 1 zuwa 6. Mata sun fi maza dadewa.
Lokacin saduwa, slugs suna motsawa suna karkatar da jikinsu don lullube da abokiyar zamansu. Rashin tsarin ƙashi yana bawa slugs damar motsawa ta wannan hanyar, kuma suna iya amfani da ƙanshi don ratayewa daga ganye ko ciyawa don haɗuwa. A yayin da abokan zama biyu suka taru, kowane yana tuka dutsen dutsen lime (wanda ake kira dutsen soyayya) zuwa bangon jikin ɗayan da ƙarfin da zai shiga cikin gabobin ɗayan.
Don kauce wa masu farauta, wasu satar bishiyoyi suna yin kwafa a cikin iska, yayin da kowane abokin tarayya ke dakatar da shi ta hanyar zaren mannewa. Jima'i na gaba na 'yan satar yana ƙaddara ta maƙwabcin su mafi kusa. Sun kasance maza muddin suna kusa da mace, amma sun rikide zuwa mata idan sun keɓe ko suna kusa da wani namiji.
Halittan makiya na slugs
Hotuna: Yaya sullu yayi kama
Slugs suna da nau'o'in masu farautar halitta. Koyaya, saboda dalilai daban-daban, maƙiyansu sun ɓace a wurare da yawa. Wannan shine ɗayan mahimman dalilai da yasa yawan zagon ƙasa ke haɓaka cikin sauri. Musamman maɗaukakiyar masu cutar gandujiyya nau'ikan kwari iri daban-daban (alal misali, ƙwaro da ƙuda). Yawancin ƙwaro da ƙwayoyinsu musamman suna ciyar da slugs. Misali, ƙwaro na ƙasa suna da matukar son cin duri. Hakanan sune babban tushen abinci don ƙurar wuta da walƙiya.
Bishiyoyi, toads, kadangaru, da tsuntsayen tsuntsaye duk suna buƙatar ƙwari don su rayu. Hakanan su makiya ne na dabi'a na slugs, amma ba zasu iya rayuwa ta hanyar ciyar da su su kaɗai ba. Tunda jinsunan kwari suna cikin haɗari ko kuma sun riga sun ɓace a wurare da yawa, slugs na iya zama a can cikin salama. Raguwar yawan kwari ya zama abin lalata tun bayan shigar da magungunan kwari na roba cikin noma da noman lambu.
Ya kamata ku guji amfani da magungunan ƙwari, domin in ba haka ba kuna taimaka wa magabtan halitta na slugs su zauna a cikin lambun ku. Har ila yau, a cikin ƙwayoyin slugs akwai magungunan ƙwari - abin da ake kira molluscicides, wanda ke cutar da ba kawai slugs da katantanwa ba, har ma da masu cutar da su.
Don haka, abokan gaba na slugs sune:
- ƙwaro ƙasa;
- bushiya;
- masu kafaɗɗu;
- toads;
- sabo;
- kwadi;
- kadangaru;
- damisa
- Katantan Roman;
- tsutsotsi;
- shrews;
- tawadar ruwa;
- fure-fure;
- macizai;
- gurguzu
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: uganƙara
Akwai kusan nau'in 30 na slugs a cikin Burtaniya. Yawancinsu masu cin ganyayyaki ne, amma wasu na cin nama. Yawan mutanen da ba su da kyau suna ƙaruwa a lokacin damina da cikin lambuna masu ban ruwa sosai. Matsakaicin lambu galibi yana ɗauke da slugs 20,000, kuma waɗannan gastropods suna kwance har zuwa ƙwai 200 a kowace mita mai siffar sukari. Raguwar yawan al'ummomin da ke yin ɓarna kamar amphibians da bushiya kuma sun kasance mahimmancin ƙaruwar yawan jama'a.
Duk da yake mahimman dabarun masu kama da ƙarfi kamar su amphibians na iya yin ƙwai sau ɗaya kawai a shekara, slugs ba su da iyaka. Haɗe da gaskiyar cewa slugs kuma suna kaiwa cikakkun girma fiye da kowane lokaci, masu lambu kawai basa samun wani jinkiri kuma suna buƙatar sabbin hanyoyin gudanarwa don magance wannan nau'in.
Jigilar jigilar slugs a cikin ƙasashe sananniya ce saboda alaƙar jinsin da ƙasa. Ana iya safarar su ta hanyar daskararrun tsire-tsire, kayan lambu da sauran kayayyaki, kayan marufi na katako (akwatuna, akwakun, pellets, musamman waɗanda suka yi hulɗa da ƙasa), gurɓataccen kayan aikin gona da na soja. Halittar jinsin kamar yadda yake zuwa a yankuna da yawa na duniya daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar karni na 19, wanda yake da alaƙa da kasuwancin farko da daidaitawar Bature, shaida ce ta ɓarnatar da aka gabatar da ita zuwa sabbin yankuna.
Slugs suna cikin ƙungiyar dabbobi ne da ake kira molluscs. Tutsar sulug Dabba ce ba tare da kwasfa ta waje ba. Babban, tare da garkuwar abin ɗoki irin na sirdi wanda ke rufe ɓangaren gaban jiki kawai, yana ƙunshe da ambulan wanda ba shi da kyau a cikin irin farantin oval. Slugs suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin halittu. Suna ciyar da kowane nau'i na dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, tsutsotsi, kwari kuma suna daga cikin daidaitaccen yanayin.
Ranar bugawa: 08/15/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 13:59
