Mai halin kirki zomaye ƙattai ne tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa sun zauna kusa da mutum, suna ba shi nama mai taushi da kyakkyawan fata. Da farko nau'in daya ne, sannan ya girma ya zama rukuni na nau'in dabbobi da yawa.
Tarihin irin
Tarihin ƙattai masu kunnuwan kunne sun fara a ƙarni na 16, a cikin yankin Gabashin Flanders. An buga yanayin ƙirar a cikin 1893.
Zomo ya had'a da kato
Da farko, zomo daga Flanders bai da wata ma'ana ga masu kiwon zomo na Turai. Hawan zomo ya fara, wanda ya kai karshe bayan yakin duniya na farko.
Katon, wanda aka yi kiwo a Belgium, ya zama nau'in da ake nema. Bugu da kari, purebred Flemings ya zama kakannin sauran nama da nau'ikan halittu na duniya.
Har zuwa yanzu, lemattawan Flemish galibi ana ajiye su a ƙasashen Tsakiya da Arewacin Turai. Kattai suna buƙatar ƙarin abinci, amma ana biyan waɗannan kuɗaɗen ta mafi girman nauyin dabbobi.
A Rasha, tarihin kiɗan zomo ya koma karnoni 9. Tun daga 1920s, kiwon zomo a cikin USSR ya fara ɗaukar sifofin masana'antu.
A ƙarshen 1940s, da kanzon kurege... Sinchilla da aka haifa a cikin Union da babban launin toka sune nasarorin da masu kiwo na cikin gida suka samu, wanda har yanzu manoman Rasha da na Turai ke amfani da shi.
Bayani da siffofin nau'in
Flanders sune ma'auni na nau'in. Wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi da mandolin.
Rabbit giant flandre
Babban kambi yana da doguwar kunnuwa, waɗanda aka saita su tsaye. Fitattun kunnuwa da manyan jiki sune katin kiran nau'in.
Nauyin rikodin kato ya wuce kilogiram 20 tare da tsayin jikinsa na tsawon m 1.3. Masu kiwo sun ƙara faɗaɗa jerin launuka waɗanda za a iya fentin murfin dabba.
Standardungiyar Haɗin Rabbit ta Amurka (ARBA) ta san launuka 7 daban don wannan nau'in: baƙar fata, ƙarfe, launin toka mai haske, shuɗi, fawn, yashi da fari. Mafi sau da yawa kato zomo a cikin hoton Katon karfe ne mai ruwan toka.
Alamun ingancin kiwo
Yayinda ake tantance cancantar dabba, masana suna komawa zuwa ga ma'aunin jinsin, wanda yake dauke da kayan aiki. Ga babban gwarzon nahiya, jerin masu haɓaka suna kama da wannan:
- Tsarin jiki, rabbai, nau'in: 20.
- Halayen nauyi: 10.
- Siffar kai da kunne: 20.
- Ingancin rufi: 25.
- Daidaita launi don halaye na asali: 20.
- Janar yanayi: 5.
Daidaitaccen bayani a taƙaice ya bayyana abin da ainihin abubuwan sifa na irin ya kamata su kasance.
- Tsarin jiki. Gabobin hannu suna da ƙarfi.
- Nauyin. Dabba babba dole ne yakai aƙalla kilo 7.
- Kai da kunnuwa. Tsawon kunne kusan 25% na duk tsawon jiki, amma ba ƙasa da 16 cm ba.
- Rufewa. Coarƙashin ƙasa yana da yawa, mai yawa, mai laushi ga taɓawa.
- Launi mai launi. Kattai na ƙasa sun kasu zuwa fari da launi.
- Janar yanayi. Halin dabba, murfin bai kamata ya haifar da shakku game da yanayin lafiyar sa ba.
Irin
Akwai nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda ake ɗauka ƙattai.
- Katon Beljam — zomo sarki. Sau da yawa ana kiransa "Flanders", "Flemish giant".
Saboda dabi'arta, an rada mata zomo "mai girman gaske". Flandre yana ba wa mutane nama da fata, shi ya sa ake kiransa "zomo na duniya". Nauyin rikodin dabba ya kai kilogiram 22, matsakaita shi ne kilogiram 7.
Rabbit belgium ƙato
- Zomo farin kato... A cikin 1920s, fararen zomaye sun zo USSR.
Ma'aikatan zootechnicians na cikin gida sun fara inganta nau'in. Daga baya, bisa tushen manyan ƙattai, Soviet chinchilla da sauran nau'o'in an bred.
Zomo farin kato
- Babban ruwan toka... A kan gonakin manoma, tare da kulawa mai kyau, zomaye suna cin abinci har zuwa kilogiram 7.
- Burtaniya mai girman gaske - dan sananne ne a wajen Ingila. An fito da ƙattai na Biritaniya daga cikinsu.
- Katuwar Mutanen Espanya - nau'in da ake barazanar lalacewa. An samo shi ne sakamakon haɗuwa da farin kato tare da jinsin asalin asalin Sifen.
- Babbar Bajamushe... Yana iya auna kilo 12.
- Babban ɗan ƙasar Hungary ko Hungary agouti. Sannu a hankali ana maye gurbin katon ɗan Hungary ta zamani, mafi yawan nau'ikan zomaye.
- Katuwar ƙasa... Kattai na Jamusawa da aka kawo Ingila daga ƙwararrun zomo na gida sun sami sunan "nahiya".
Har yanzu akwai rudani cikin sharudda. Wasu masu kiwon zomo suna ɗaukar gwarzon nahiya a matsayin irin na masu zaman kansu, wasu kuma suna ganin wannan suna a matsayin daidai da gwarzon Bajamushe, wasu kuma, a ƙarƙashin sunan "nahiya", na nufin duk manyan zomayen Turai.
Giant ragon zomo
- Ram - wani nau'in kiwo ne daga masu kiwo na Ingilishi a karni na 19. Matsakaicin nauyin raguna na Jamus da na Faransa ya kai kilo 9.
Ribobi da fursunoni na irin
Gano halaye masu kyau da marasa kyau na nau'ikan zomaye, yana da kyau a duba, da farko, a wurin jagorancin. Wannan yana da fa'idarsa.
- Giant irin zomo - tushen nama da fatu. Dukansu samfuran suna da inganci.
- An kara adadi a cikin inganci - akwai nama da yawa, fatar tana da girma.
- Haihuwa a cikin dabbobi na cikin babbar lalacewa. Maza ba su da lalaci, suna shiga cikin haifuwa sosai.
- Kattai iyayen kulawa ne. Mata basa barin jarirai, suna samun nasarar ciyar da zuriya.
Riezen zomo girman kare
Da yawa suna gaskata cewa ƙattai ba su da haɗari. Amma idan ana so, halaye marasa kyau sun haɗa da:
- Babban adadin dabbobi yana buƙatar manyan keji.
- Manyan zomaye suna cin abinci da yawa. Amma gogewa yana nuna cewa yawan abinci a kowace naúrar nauyi iri ɗaya ne da na sauran nau'in.
Kulawa da kulawa
Kejin shine babban gidan zomaye. Girman girman zomo ba da shawarar keji na madaidaitan girma: 1.8 m a ƙarshen, zurfin 1 m, m 0.7 m. Don zomaye guda ɗaya, an gina ƙananan keɓaɓɓu: faɗi 1-1.2 m, zurfin 0.75 m, tsayin 0.45-0.6 m.
An sanya kejin a cikin sito, a hawa 2 ko kuma a rumfa (a karkashin alfarwa). Baya ga radiation na ultraviolet, ya kamata a kiyaye zomaye daga zayyanawa. Kattai suna da matukar damuwa da laima da sanyin iska.
Katon keji
Kattai su ne zomaye marasa nutsuwa. Don kaucewa cutar tsoka, yana da kyau a fitar da su daga kejin na mintina da yawa kowace rana, don tilasta su matsa kaɗan.
Tsarin keji don manyan gonaki na zomo da ƙananan gonakin manoma suna kama da juna. Tsarin allurar rigakafin ya hada da allurar rigakafin cututtukan rabies, myxomatosis, cutar zubar jini ta zomaye da sauransu.
Kwararrun masu kiwo suna bin tsarin allurar rigakafi. Na gaba, ana tsaftace ƙwayoyin kuma an kashe su, an sayi sabbin dabbobi, an dawo da dabbobi cikin sauri.
Gina Jiki
Farawa daga farkon bazara, ana shigar da samari busassun ganye cikin abincin dabbobi. Baya ga hay, an shirya rassan birch, aspen, da conifers don hunturu.
A lokacin sanyi, dabbobi na cinye dukkan abincin da aka shirya a lokacin rani. Abincin su ya hada da abubuwan da aka saba dasu na zomaye:
- busassun ciyawa a lokacin rani, a cikin hunturu - hay, fodder reshe;
- fili abinci;
- cakuda hatsi tare da ƙari na hatsi;
- sinadaran ma'adinai;
- Mash (cakuda yankakken kayan lambu).
Dokokin ciyarwa suna da sauƙi. Ana ba wa ƙattai ƙarin abinci, ana ƙarfafa sinadaran sunadarai a cikin abincinsu, ma’ana, ana ba su karin ƙwayayen.
Gabaɗaya, zomaye basu da zaɓi, sun wadatu da abinci mara kyau. Yayinda zomayen suka girma, rabon matan yana karuwa.
Kar a rinjayi dabba. Yawan abinci da rayuwa mara motsi suna haifar da kiba, wanda ke da alaƙa da cututtukan cuta da yawa.
Lokacin da dabbobi dabbobi suka cika watanni 3-4, lokacin yanke hukunci a rayuwarsu yana zuwa. Saboda haka, zomo mai watanni 4, akasari, an yarda a siyar ko a yanka.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ianattai iri-iri suna da halin kulawa da iyaye masu haihuwa. Kiwon zomaye manya ba wuya. An ba wa mazan da suka fi wata 6-7 da kuma mata ‘yan watanni 6 damar yin aure.
Don samun mafi kyaun zuriyar ƙwararrun Flemish, ana ba da shawarar kada a yi hanzarin zuwa farkon saduwa. Ba da wuri fiye da shekara 8 ba, kyale namiji ya kusanceta.
Fatan bayyanar 'ya'ya, mata na gina gida a gaba. Yana faruwa cewa mata suna haihuwar yara 15 ko fiye.
Rabbit tare da bunnies masu girma
Yawan rayuwar jarirai ya kai kashi 90%. Bayan makonni 2, waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin sun bar gida na ɗan lokaci.
Nauyin zomo sabon haihuwa da wuya ya wuce 90 g. Girman manya ya kai watanni 8 da haihuwa.
Rayuwar katuwar zomo ba ta da tsayi sosai. Daga cikin dabbobi, akwai masu dogon rai, wanda iyakarsu ke faruwa a shekaru 6-8.
Farashi
Rarraba dabbobi yana ba da gudummawa ga kiri-kiri da ƙaramar kasuwancin kanzon zomaye. Matsakaici farashin katuwar zomo tare da siyan yanki shine 400 rubles. Matsakaicin farashi ya isa sosai - daga 300 zuwa 1000 rubles.
Farashin gawar zomo ya dogara da ɗan abin da aka yanka don nama. Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan, ƙattai ne kawai za'a iya tantance su ta gawa, saboda girman girman su.
Bayani
Yankin Moscow, P., ɗan fansho
Yayi ritaya Wannan shine kato!
Yankin Perm, der. Sukhoi Log, Prigozhina L.I., mai zomo da gogewa
Mun kiyaye zomaye duk rayuwarmu. Akwai wadataccen nama a gare mu, tsofaffi, da yara da jikoki.
Yankin Novgorod, der. I., matar gida
Lokacin da ta fara ƙattai masu launin toka tana tsoron abubuwa biyu. Ina farin ciki da ƙattai!
