Tsohuwar dawowar Karachai tana da alaƙa da rayuwar masu tsaunuka a garin Karachay a Arewacin Caucasus. Muguwar ƙasa, duwatsu, kwazazzabai, canjin yanayin dare da rana, mawuyacin yanayi ya gwada ƙarfin mazauna yankin waɗanda ke buƙatar rubutattun mataimaka da hanyoyin sufuri.
Karachaev doki, wanda aka samo sakamakon saduwa da dawakai na gida da na gabas, ya zama ɗayan ƙwayoyin da ke da ƙarfi. Masu fahimta, ƙasa da halaye na zahiri, suna godiya da aminci, kyakkyawa, saurin dawakai.
Bayani da fasali
An gudanar da zabin dawakan Karachai don dalilan aiki, motsi a doron kasa, saboda haka, asalin dokin doki ne, gajere. An aiwatar da tsananin hargitsi a cikin yankin dutsen, inda akwai 'yan wuraren kiwo. Dawakan suna ciyarwa akan abinci mai sauƙi, mara nauyi, suna cikin mawuyacin yanayi na wurare masu tsaunuka da tsaunuka.
A cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, godiya ga aikin masu kiwo, nau'in ya canza, ya zama ya fi girma, amma ya riƙe mafi kyawun halaye. Dawakai suna da halin motsi da juriya, biyayya da ƙarfin hali. Dabbobi ba sa jin tsoron matsaloli, an daidaita su don tsananin garken garken dabbobi, suna aiki a cikin tsaunukan ƙasa.
Tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin jiki yana ba ku damar yin dogon miƙa mulki dare da rana, yin tafiya a kan duwatsu, kan hanya, jure tsananin sanyi da zafin rani. 'Yan tsaunukan sun buƙaci ma'aikata masu abin dogaro, ba kyakkyawar nunin ba.
Dabbobin sun haƙura da canjin zafin jiki kwatsam, canje-canje a cikin ɗanshi, rashin kwanciyar hankali da iyakantaccen ciyarwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi na canji. Dawakai marasa girman kai basu taɓa sanin gidan dumi ba, abincin hatsi. Dabbobin sun ci ciyawa kuma suka kwana a yanayin yanayi.
Dawakai suna da halaye masu yalwa, masu kauri. Babban bayyanar yana da jituwa. Gwanin gashi da doguwar wutsiyar dawakai suna da tasiri musamman. Bayanin martabar hancin-hanci, kananan kunnuwa, madaidaiciya baya, wuya mai karfi na matsakaiciyar tsayi ya baiwa dawakai kyawawan abubuwa. An haifa nau'in nau'in launuka masu duhu. A cikin dangin Circassian, an yi amfani da launi daya na garken.
Qualitieswararrun halayen halayen an san su azaman motsa jiki mai kyau, rigakafi ga cututtuka, kiyayewa mara kyau. Haɗin ƙarfin zuciya, daraja, biyayya ya sa dawakai amintattun mataimaka a cikin gonar. Testedauna, sadaukar da dabbobi ga mutum an gwada ta tsawon ƙarni na tarihi.
Karachaevskaya nau'in dawakai yana da wayewar kai sosai, don haka masu dabbobi suna buƙatar ba da lokaci mai yawa ga tarbiyyarsu da sadarwarsu. Dole ne maigidan ya nuna jajircewa da kuma yarda don dokin ya gane kansa a cikin sa. Dabbobi suna da ɗabi'a mai ƙarfi, halaye na fahariya, wanda dole ne a lasafta masu doki da su don kada su lalata ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Sakamakon aikin kiwo, wakilan duniya na nau'in nau'in doki-doki sun bayyana, tare da aikin kwazo mai ban mamaki, wanda ke iya sauƙaƙe zuwa muhalli daban-daban. Yanayin mummunan yanayi ya taurare dabbobi, ya koya musu yin yawo a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ɗaukar kasada, da zama masu basira.
Dawakan Caucasian ba su da ƙarfi a cikin sauri zuwa dawakai masu hawa, tunda a yayin zaɓaɓɓe, juriya da ƙirar iko an ba da fifiko ƙwarai da gaske. Halin hawan dawakan Karachai matsakaici ne, wanda hakan ba ya rage ƙimarsu. Dokin Karachai ya kasance kyauta ce mai tsada, kyauta a cikin iyalan Caucasian, inda ake girmamawa da ƙarfi, juriya, aiki tuƙuru, da aminci.
A cikin Karachay-Cherkessia, a halin yanzu, ana ajiye dawakai na zamani a cikin yanayi na ɗabi'a don adana mafi mahimmancin halayen nau'in - juriya da rashin fahimta. Masu kiwon dawaki sun lura cewa kulawar gida ba ta shafi aikin dawakai.
Matsayi na asali
Kayan gargajiya na gargajiya na dawakai an rarrabe su da ƙarami, tsarin mulki mai jituwa. Dabbar an yi niyyar yin tafiye-tafiye ne na dogon lokaci tare da tsaunukan hanyoyin dutse, ɗauke da kaya masu nauyi. Dangane da ƙa'idodin zamani, tsayin da ya bushe a dokin Karachai ya kai mita 1.48-1.55, nauyi - har zuwa tan 1. Na waje ya haɗa da halaye na tilas:
- matsakaiciyar kai;
- fadi kirji;
- siffar hanci na bakin ciki;
- kunnuwa masu kaifi;
- tabbataccen baya tare da madaidaiciya layi;
- m croup
Fuskokin gaba sun faɗi sosai, tare da ɗan kwancen kafa. Afafun kafa na baya har ma, saber ba a bayyana shi da kyau, kodayake yana da alaƙar ƙwayoyin Caucasian. Koshin dawakai na ƙarfi na musamman, fasalin yau da kullun. Gwangwani da jela tare da gashi mai kauri wasu lokuta suna girgiza. Baƙi, ƙarar karak sun yi nasara, bay, waɗanda baƙar fata ba su da yawa.
Horsesasar Ingilishi ta haɗu da launin ruwan goshi na dawakan Karachai. Akwai kusan tabarau arba'in gaba ɗaya, kowanne yana da sunansa. Dawakai masu farin tabo ba su da yawa, irin waɗannan mutane banda ne, ba irin na dawakan Karachai ba ne.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan dawakan Karachai:
- nau'in halayyar dabba ce da tsarin mulki na duniya, wanda ya dace da hawa ƙarƙashin sirdi, kayan ɗamara biyu;
- manyan nau'ikan - dawakai masu faɗi da gajeru, tare da tsarin mulki na kashin jini, ana amfani dashi don aikin jigilar kayayyaki, jigilar kayayyaki ƙarƙashin fakiti;
- nau'in hawa - dawakai suna da tsayi, suna wasa don nau'insu. Ana amfani da dabbobin a cikin wasannin motsa jiki na dawakai kuma ana daraja su a matsayin dawakai masu tafiya a yawon shakatawa na dawakai. A cikin jijiyoyin Karachai masu hawan dawakai, 1/8 na jini na mallakar tseren Ingila ne.
Kulawa da kulawa
A cikin Karachay-Cherkessia, ana ajiye dabbobi a cikin garken dabbobi don kiyaye halayensu na al'ada. Yayin kiwo kyauta, dawakai da kansu suna da mahimmin yanki na abincinsu, suna karɓar ƙarin ciyarwa ne kawai:
- hatsi;
- kayan lambu;
- legumes;
- gero.
Idan dawakan kirar Karachai Ana ajiye su a cikin barga, to ɗayan ayyukan mai shayarwa shine daidaitaccen abincin abincin. Kayan abincin dabbobi ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
- 60% - ciyawar ciyawa;
- 10% - abincin abinci, sauran abinci mai mahimmanci;
- 30% sabo kayan lambu.
Don kauce wa matsalar narkewar abinci a cikin dawakai, ana gauraya gutsuren masara da yankakken abincin hatsi, kuma a wanke kayan lambu a yanka kanana.
Dawakai masu tafiya mai nisa, tare da haɓaka motsa jiki, ana ciyar dasu da ciyawa 50%, 40% suna mai da hankali da 10% kayan lambu iri iri (dankali, karas, beets). Don ƙarfafa ƙasusuwa da tsokoki, ana ba da kayan abinci - cin kashi, man kifi, kek ɗin mai, bitamin, da kuma ma'adanai.
Ana kirga yawan adadin abubuwan da suka dogara da nauyi da shekarun dabba. Yana da mahimmanci ga dawakai su sami ruwan sha. Dabbobi na cin ruwa har lita 50 na ruwa kowace rana. Don mares yayin lactation, an ƙara adadin kayan lambu a cikin abincin, wanda yawan madara ya dogara da shi.
Halin lafiyar dabbobi ya dogara da ingancin abinci. Dawakin Karachay da ke zaune a cikin kwari dole ne su sami wuraren kiwo na rani da hunturu. Karin ciyarwa bazai zama mai danshi ba, wanda kwayoyin parasites ke yaduwa. Adana dawakai a cikin barga sanye take da yanki na murabba'in mita 4 a kowace rumfa.
An rufe bene da sawdust, bambaro, wanda ya kamata a canza shi kowace rana. Ya isa a aiwatar da tsabtace ɗakin ɗaki sau ɗaya a mako. Yarda da yanayin tsabtace jiki da na tsabtar jiki shine mahimmin abu don rayuwar dabbobi. Dawakai ba sa son ƙamshi masu ƙarfi, zane, canjin yanayin zafi, da laima a cikin ɗaki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Har zuwa karni na 20, kiwo na Karachai yana da karfi har ya gamsar da bukatun Rasha don jigilar kayayyaki da bukatun sojoji. Amma al'amuran juyin-juya hali sun haifar da raguwar dabbobi. An gyara yanayin tare da kafa gonar ingarma kusa da Kislovodsk.
An rarrabe nau'in Arewacin Caucasian da kyakkyawan haihuwa - tsawon lokacin haifuwa, fiye da shekaru 20. Rikicin ya kafa ta wata yarinya mai shekaru 24 wacce ta haifa masa zuriya 21. Dangane da ƙididdiga daga gonakin ingarma, har zuwa 90% na mahara Karachai suna iya ɗaukar ciki a kai a kai.
Daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, ana ba da izinin dawakai su yi aure tare da mares. Dawakai suna haihuwa ba tare da taimakon masu kiwo ba. Har zuwa watanni shida, dabbobin ba zasu iya rabuwa da mahaifiyarsu, sannan a tura su zuwa makiyayar bazara.
Haɓakawa tare da masu kiwo mai tsarkakakkiyar mahaifa suna haifar da zuriya waɗanda ke riƙe da halaye na musamman na dawakan Karachai, yayin da suke nuna ingantaccen waje na nau'in. Kyakkyawan yanayin gidaje yana ba dabbobi rayuwa mai tsawo, kimanin shekaru 30 ko fiye.
Farashi
A kasuwar doki, zaku iya siyan dokin nau'in Karachai daga masu kiwon dawakai masu zaman kansu, a gonakin ingarma a Rasha. Farashin ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:
- kwat da wando;
- shekaru;
- bene;
- bayanan jiki;
- yanayin kiwon lafiya;
- asali;
- rukuni, manufa.
Kuna iya siyan gelding na nau'in Karachai don noma don 50-75 dubu rubles. Wakilan nau'in don dalilai na nune-nunen, gasa ta ci kuɗi 150,000 - 300,000 rubles. Lokacin siyan dabba daga gonar kiwo, yana da mahimmanci a bawa dabba sunan barkwanci daidai bisa tsari na musamman wanda ke nuna asalin. Wasu lokuta ana sanya dawakan 'yan wasa tare da bayanan ƙungiyar. Mashahuri sunayen laƙabi na dawakan Karachai: Borey, Arsenal, Absinthe, Ash, Roll, Thunderstorm, Turquoise, da sauransu.
Menene bambanci tsakanin dokin Kabardian da na Karachaev
Tarihin batun bambance-bambance a cikin nau'ikan kiwo ya koma ne ga zurfin can, inda aka bayyana asalin magunan dawakai. An gudanar da zaɓi na dawakan Karachai a cikin dutsen mai tsauni don ƙirƙirar wasu halaye. A cikin filayen Kabarda, kiwon dawakin Caucasian ya kasance irin wannan yanayi.
Tun daga 1935, wani lokaci ya fara lokacin da, saboda dalilai na siyasa, dangane da ayyukan zalunci da aka yi wa mutanen Karachai, aka fara kiran ƙirar dawakai na yankin Kabardian. Sai kawai a ƙarshen karni na 20, tsohon sunan ya dawo, amma aiwatar da cikakken gyaran nau'in ya ɗauki wasu shekaru goma. Idan muka kwatanta dawakan zamani, to Karachai dawakai akan hotuna sun yi kama da na Kabardian.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
A cikin 1936, dawakan kirar Karachai sun shiga tsere tare da tsaka mai wuyar gaske kusa da tsaunin tsaunuka a cikin Caucasus. Tsawon lokacin gasar kwanaki 47 ne. Dozin Karachai dozin ne suka fara zuwa, bayan sun shawo kan dukkan hanyoyi, zuriya, da kauri, ba tare da alamun gajiya ta musamman ba.
Godiya ga aikinsu na ban mamaki, hali, dawakai sun halarci kamfen na sojojin doki na Rasha a lokacin Yaƙin Russo-Japan. Dawakan Karachaev tare da mutane sun ci Elbrus a cikin 1996. Ginger Ginger, Khurzuk, Daur ya hau saman dusar kankara zuwa saman dutsen tare da babban nauyi.
Dabbobin sun tabbatar da babbar tasirin irin, sadaukar da kansu ga yi wa mutane hidima. Kowane baje kolin dawakan karachai yana tattara masanan gaske na irin don nuna mafi kyawun wakilan kiwo, al'adun kiwo na doki.
