Wannan clam din yana da sunaye guda biyu: shiriya da kuma panopea. Na farko ya fito ne daga Indiyawa Nisquali kuma yana nufin zurfafa zurfafawa. Sunan na biyu ya fito ne daga sunan Latin na tsari don mollusk - Panopea.
Jagorar tana da yanayi na ban mamaki. Sinawa suna kwatanta shi da jikin giwa. Yawan mutanen kudu maso gabashin Asiya suna alaƙar panopea ne kawai da abinci. Mafi yawan kifin kifin ana kama shi ne a gabar Kanada a Tekun Alaska, kuma ana cin sa galibi a China da Japan.
Bayani da fasali
Guidak shine mafi girma daga cikin duk burrowing bivalve molluscs. Kwafin da ke auna daga 0.5 zuwa kilogiram 1 ba sabon abu bane. Mutanen da ke da nauyin kilogram 7 sun haɗu. Babbar Jagora yana da siphon tsawon har zuwa mita 2. Tsarin siphon yana farawa daga bayan mollusk, don haka sunan wutsiya zai iya dacewa da shi.
Babban nauyin jagorar da halin zama kawai ya amfanar da mollusk. Wannan invertebrate yana daya daga cikin halittun da suka fi kowa dadewa a doron kasa. Yin rayuwa tsawon shekaru 140 ƙa'ida ce ga rayuwar panopea.
Masana kimiyya sun samo dogon hanta - Guideaka kuma sun gano shekarunsa. Wannan mollusk ya kwashe shekaru 168 a binne a cikin ƙasa. Mazaunan cikin ruwa sun sami nasarar irin wannan sakamakon ta hanyar salon rayuwa mai ƙarancin mahimmanci, saurin motsa jiki, da ikon ɓoyewa daga masu farauta.
Guidak a hoto mamaki tare da gabobin sa masu ban mamaki - siphon. Wannan sashin jiki yana haɗar da ramin alkyabbar na jagorar tare da duniyar waje tare da bututu. Mafi dacewa, jagorar yana da bututu biyu a cikin siphon. Worksaya yana aiki a ƙofar: gabatarwa. Ɗayan yana ba da fitowar ruwan sharar ruwa: fitarwa.
Ta hanyar siphon na shiga, ruwa yana shiga jikin mollusk. Wanke gishirinta, ya isa bakin lobes. A kan ruwan wukake na jagorar akwai ƙwayoyin halitta masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ba shi damar gane ƙwayoyin da ake ci a cikin rafin ruwa. Gills na mollusk yana aiwatar da ba kawai musayar gas ba. Suna shiga cikin rabuwar abin ci da mara cin abinci.
Ana aika ƙwayoyin abinci zuwa baki, daga inda suke shiga cikin ciki ta cikin ɓoyayyar hanji. Jagoran yana da hanji inda tsarin narkewar ya kare. Ba duk abin da ya shiga jikin jagorar jiki zai iya shafan jikinsa ba. Sharar abubuwa da abubuwan da baza a ci ba, tare da kwararar ruwan sha, ana jefar dasu ta bututun siphon.
Guidak shine bilonve mollusc. Amma jikinsa yana da girman da bai dace da cikin kwasan ba. Bawul ɗin kwasfa suna da gefuna kewaye. Girman su ɗaya kuma ana haɗasu tare da jijiya na roba. Ganyayyaki ba za su iya rufewa ba kuma kawai suna cika rawar kariya.
Bawon Guidaka, kamar kowane bivalves, ya ƙunshi yadudduka: periostracum, prismatic da uwar lu'u-lu'u. Periostracum wani yanki ne na musamman musamman na bakin ciki na kayan haɗi mai haɗari conchiolin. Wanne ke ƙunshe a cikin epithelium, wanda ke rufe ba kawai harsashi ba, har ma da suturar tsoka da dukkan fuskar siphon.
Mayafin, wanda ya kunshi sassan hagu da dama, ya hade a gaban gaba, ya zama sashin jiki na muscular, "ciki" na guidak. Bugu da kari, rigar tana hadewa da kasan, sashin siphon. Akwai rami ɗaya kawai a cikin rigar - wannan ita ce hanyar zuwa ƙafafun kafa.
Irin
Cikakken sunan mollusk shine Pacific guidak. An haɗa shi a cikin ƙididdigar nazarin halittu a ƙarƙashin sunan Panopea generosa. Shine sanannen wakilin jinsin halittar Panopea, wanda ya hada da nau'in 10. Yanayin jinsin gaba daya ya rabu ne: daga arewa maso yammacin Kanada zuwa New Zealand.
- Hanyar Panopea - jagorancin pacific... Wannan shine nau'in kifin kifin da ake nunawa yayin da aka furta sunan "guidak".
- Panopea gajeren - kudu guidak... Tana zaune ne a cikin Tekun Atlantika da ke makwabtaka da gabar Argentina, da ake kira Tekun Argentina. Mollusk yana da ɗan girma kaɗan girma: tsayin bai wuce 15 cm ba, nauyi bai wuce kilogram 1.3 ba.
- Panopea australis yana fama da ruwan tekun Ostiraliya. Tsawon babban mollusk yakai 18 cm.
- Panopea bitruncata - Jagoran Atlantic... An samo a cikin Tekun Mexico.
- Panopea duniya - shiriyar cortez... An yi la'akari da wannan nau'in a matsayin ƙarshen yankin Tekun Mexico. Kwanan nan, ichthyologists sun gano shi a gefen tekun jihar Baja California na Mexico a cikin Tekun Pacific.
- Panopea glycimeris - an samo shi a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, kusa da gabar tekun Atlantika na Fotigal.
- Panopea japonica - jirgin ruwan teku na Japan... Yana zaune a cikin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin a cikin Tekun Japan, bangaren kudancin Tekun Okhotsk.
- Panopea smithae - A mollusk ya mallaki ruwan da ke kewaye da New Zealand. Wataƙila, ba kamar dangin su ba, zasu iya haɗuwa a cikin zurfin gaske.
- Panopea zelandica - New Zealand guidak... Yana zaune a gabar ruwan tekun tsibirin New Zealand. Ana iya samun sa a bakin tekun tsibirin Stewart.
Baya ga panopea mai rai, wannan halittar ta hada da kusan 12-13 dadaddun jinsunan. Bawo da ragowar waɗannan mollusks galibi sukan faɗa hannun masu binciken burbushin halittu cikin yanayi mai kyau, ta yadda zai yiwu a iya tantance jinsinsu daidai.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Bayan ya wuce matakin larva, mollusk din ya sauka a kasa ya fara aiki a matsayin baligi. Wannan ana kiran sa matakin rabuwa. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyu, jagorar zai kai girman manya kuma ya binne su zuwa zurfin daya, kusan 90 cm.
Guidak ko Panopea yana jagorantar salon rayuwa. Yana tace ruwan koyaushe, yana cire iskar oxygen da abubuwan ci da ake buƙata don rayuwa daga gareta. Tare da ƙarshen hunturu, ya juye zuwa spawning, wanda ya kasance har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani.
Ba a san yadda jagorar take fahimtar kusancin mai farauta ba. A wannan halin, fatan samun mafi kyawun mollusk daga duka tubes na siphon yana fara tofa ruwa. Saboda ƙarfin da yake motsawa, ya ɓoye siphon kuma an binne shi gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙasa.
Gina Jiki
Tushen abincin abincin jagoran shine phytoplankton, da farko diatoms da dinoflagellates. Diatoms kwayoyin halitta ne masu rai guda ɗaya. Dinoflagellates ko dinophytes sune unicellular monads. Dukansu abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci na plankton.
Tun kafin zamanin Columbian, jagoran da kansa ya kasance abinci ga mazaunan yankin. Wanda ya kunshi Indiyawa 'yan kabilu: Chinook, suruka da sauransu. A cikin shekaru 30-40 da suka gabata, sha'awar jagorar ya karu daga sifili zuwa girman kasuwanci mai mahimmanci.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, ana samun jagororin kawai ta hanyar kama mollusks waɗanda suka kai ga balaga a cikin yanayin yanayi. Ba tsari bane mai sauki wanda ya shafi masu ruwa da tsaki. Guidaki ana haƙa shi da hannu ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Abin da ke sa kamun kifin kifin mai tsada
Babban masaniyar jita-jita da aka yi daga kifin kifin tabbas babu shakka Jafananci ne. Sun dandana guidaka. Sun sanya masa suna Mirukui. Bin Jafananci Guideaka dandano yabawa da Sinawa. Bukatar kifin kifin ya fara girma cikin sauri.
Fishi da shi ya zama mai fa'ida. Kamar yadda yake faruwa a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, aikin haɓaka farashi ya fara. Kiwo na wucin gadi ita ce babbar hanyar rage farashin kamun kifi. Gidan kifin kifin yana da kyau sosai.
A bakin tekun, a yankin da igiyar ruwa take, an binne bututu marasa adadi. An shuka tsutsa mai shiryarwa a cikin kowane. Ruwan igiyar ruwa yana ba da ƙyallen abinci, kuma bututun filastik yana nuna wurin da yake kuma yana hana clam ɗin wanka cikin teku ta taguwar ruwa.
Ya rage jira. Guidak baya saurin girma. Amma bayan shekaru 2-3 zaka iya samun girbi na manyan mollusks. Nasarar kamawa da haɓaka jagororin ya ba 'yan New Zealand kwarin gwiwa. Wani nau'in da ke da alaƙa, Panopea zelandica, yana zaune a gefen tekun New Zealand. A hankali, ya fara gasa tare da Pacific guidak ko panopea.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Don haihuwar zuriya, ana buƙatar gametes (ƙwayoyin haihuwa) na jinsi biyu. Saduwarsu ya zama dole don samuwar zygotes - amfrayo. Amma shiriya — kilam a tsaye. Baya barin wurinta. Kusancin mutane tsakanin maza da mata ba zai yiwu ba.
An warware tambaya kawai. Tare da farkon lokacin kiwo, jagorar, ba tare da la'akari da jima'i ba, yana sakin ƙwayoyin haihuwa a cikin layin ruwa. Tsawon rayuwar karni, mace mai panopea, ita ma jagora ce, tana fesa kusan ƙwayoyin halittar mata biliyan. Nawa ne namiji yake samarwa ya wuce kirgawa.
A ƙarshen hunturu, tare da ɗumamar ruwa, lokacin kiwo na jagorar zai fara. Peakarshen sa ya faɗi a watan Mayu-Yuni kuma ya ƙare a Yuli. Na farko, maza suna sakin kwayoyin halittar jima'i a cikin ruwa. Mata suna amsa ga bayyanar su. Suna samar da kwai kusan miliyan 5. Mata suna ciyar da kusan 10 irin waɗannan ƙarnin a cikin kaka ɗaya.
Abu na farko da ya kamata ya faru da ƙwai wanda ya ƙare a cikin yanayin ruwa shine hadi ko haɗuwa da maniyyi. Yiwuwar wannan ba babba bane, amma hadi yana faruwa.
Bayan awanni 6-12 daga zaigot, haɗuwar ƙwayoyin haihuwa na mata da na miji, trochophora ya bayyana - tsutsa na farko mai iyo da ke cikin jagorar. A cikin awanni 24-96, trochophora ya haɓaka zuwa jirgin ruwa ko jirgin ruwa. Tsutsayen tsuntsaye na Sailfish tare da sauran zooplankton.
Bayan kwanaki 2-10, tsutsa ta shiga cikin sabon yanayi, wanda ake kira pediveliger, wanda za'a iya fassara shi azaman tsutsa da kafa. Wato, a wannan matakin, amfrayo na mollusk yana haɓaka ƙafa.
Wannan kwayar halitta ba abu mai birgewa bane kamar siphon. A cikin balagar girma, kusan ba a iya gani. Ana kiran Guidaks a matsayin pelecypods don ƙirar ƙafafunsu. Wannan sunan - Pelecypoda - ana iya fassara shi azaman ƙafafun gatari. Kafa ne, yin motsi na kwangila, wanda ke tabbatar da rufewar jagorar.
Bugu da ari, ƙwayoyin cuta na faruwa - ƙashin tsutsa ya sauka zuwa ƙasa kuma an sake haifar shi a cikin ƙirar saurayi. Aikinta na farko a sabon aiki shine binnewa. Sai kawai bayan haka, damar rayuwa don jagorar suna ƙaruwa sosai.
Jagoran bai zabi hanyar ingantacciyar hanyar kiwo ba. Babban adadin gametes da aka samar yayi kadan don daidaita lamarin. Stagesarin matakan rayuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar larva kuma ba su da kwarin gwiwa. Amma har yanzu ana cigaba da haihuwa. Ana lasafta saurinsa cikin hanya mai sauƙi.
An nuna wani ɓangaren tekun. Masu iya ruwa sun kirga yawan jagororin da ke zaune a wannan yankin. Lambar da aka samu ya karu da kashi 20% - kimanin adadin kifin kifin da aka tsallake yayin kirgen. Ana ba da izini ga kamfanonin kasuwanci don tattara 2% na yawan jagororin da ke zaune a wannan yankin.
Adadin kifin kifin a yankin da ake sarrafawa lokaci-lokaci ana kidaya shi. A irin wannan aiki mai wahala, amma ba mai rikitarwa ba, ya zama cewa zai dauki shekaru 39 kafin bayyanar wani mutum daidai a wurin wanda aka kama. Bugu da kari, ga masana kimiyya, jagora wani abu ne kamar rikodi na yau da kullun. Yanayin jikinsu da bawo yana amsa tambayoyin biochemical da yawa.
Guidaki ya rayu sama da shekaru 100. Suna ɓoye da kyau daga masu farauta: otters na teku da wasu taurarin teku suna iya zuwa wurinsu. Ba ku da matsala mai gina jiki. Amma sun zaɓi hanyar kiwo mai matukar tasiri. Yanayi yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye daidaito a komai.
Farashi
Masu kamun kifi daga Amurka da Kanada suna kasuwanci da wannan kayan masarufin a duk duniya. Jafananci suna cin shiriya da sha'awa ta musamman, Sinawa ba sa jinkiri a bayansu. Turawa, Australiya, da ke ƙoƙarin cin abincin teku, sun shiga jita-jita.
Kafin Sabuwar Shekarar Sinawa, masu fitar da kaya suna tambayar dala 15 a kowace fam, ko gram 454. A lokacin da ya fi shuru, fitarwa farashin Guideak sau biyu a matsayin low. A cikin Rasha, shagunan kantin sayar da kifi na kan layi suna ba da wannan kifin kifin na kimanin 2700 rubles. kowace kilogiram, tallata shi azaman abinci mai kyau na abincin teku.
Babu ɗayan kayan marmarin da aka shirya cikin sauƙi kamar wannan abincin kifin. Sau da yawa guidaka ci danye Wato zasu yanka siphon mai nama su cinye. Koreans galibi suna yin wannan, koyaya, suna sanya shi da miya mai ɗanɗano. Jafananci suna da ɗanɗano tare da waken soya da wasabi a kan ɗanyen jagoran መመሪያ. Ya zama sashimi.
Asalin Ba'amurke asalin farko sun shirya jagora daidai yadda nama. An tsabtace siphon kilam, an yanka shi gunduwa-gunduwa. Gutsuttsen mollusk ɗin an buge shi kuma an soya shi a cikin mai, pre-salt, da barkono kafin a shirya. Ana amfani da tasa tare da soyayyen albasa.
Clam jita-jita yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ƙyallen rubutu. Masoyan Guidak sun tabbata cewa ba wai kawai suna biyan kuɗi don lafiyayyen abinci da abinci mai gina jiki ba, har ma da wasu kaddarorin magunguna, musamman masu mahimmanci ga maza. Dalilin wannan imani ya ta'allaka ne da siffar clam.
