Motar bazara - jinsin da suka fi kowa, wani ɓangare na kogin yaɗu. Sunan sa na gaba shi ne sanadin stingray. Yana zaune a cikin kogin Kudancin Amurka: Amazon, Parana, Orinoco da raginsu. Abu ne mai iyakance kamun kifi kuma abin sha'awa ne ga masanan ruwa.
Bayani da fasali
Adadin tsayin daɗaɗɗen gishirin bai wuce mita 1. Faifan, wanda aka kafa daga fincin pectoral, yana da kusan zagaye, faɗinsa ya kai 0.5 m. Abin sani kawai rashin tsari shine idanun da aka ɗora sama da baya, a bayansu akwai squirt - ramuka don jawo ruwa a cikin rafin.
Sashin sama na diski yana da launi a cikin tabarau na launin ruwan kasa da launin toka. Yawancin wurare masu launin rawaya-lemu kewaye da zobba masu duhu sun warwatse a bayan ƙirar monochromatic. Launi, wuri da girman tabo daban-daban ne, sun banbanta daga kifi zuwa kifi, sautin gabaɗaya ya dogara da launi na ƙasa, sauran siffofin wurin da wannan yawan jama'ar ke rayuwa.
Baya ga tsarin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa na gargajiya, skat motoro hoton sau da yawa launin launi mai haske orange, shuɗi, sautunan marmara. Yanzu akwai launuka waɗanda basa faruwa a yanayi. Ana samun su ne sakamakon gwajin gwaji.
,Ananan, ɓangaren jikin mutum yana da haske, kusan fari. A kansa akwai baki, ɗauke da manyan ƙananan hakora, hancin hancin da gutsuttsura. Babu fika-fikai a baya da wutsiya.
Wutsiyar motoro ta fi ta sauran takun kwantan ruwa gajere da kauri. Akwai ƙaya mai dafi a saman ɓangarenta. Kowace shekara, wani lokacin galibi, yakan lalace kuma wani sabo ya fara girma a madadinsa.
Tushen ƙaya shi ne ƙwayoyin cuta masu fitar da dafin dafin. Tare da ƙaya akwai waɗancan ratayoyi waɗanda guba ke yaɗawa. Thoraya ba koyaushe yake shirye don aiki ba. A yadda aka saba, ana ɓoye shi a cikin wutsiyar sanarwa.
Samun dimorphism na jima'i ne kawai idan aka kalleshi daga ƙasa. Kusa da finafinai na dubura a cikin maza akwai girma, al'aura, ta inda ake kara mata kwalliya. A cikin majigin yara, waɗannan gabobin ƙananan ne amma sun bambanta.
Irin
An bayyana jinsin daga asalin samfurin da masanan Austrian Johannes Natterer suka tattara tsakanin 1828 da 1829 a cikin Kogin Cuiaba, a cikin babban tafkin Parana-Paraguay, da kuma a cikin Kogin Guaporé, wani babban kwari na kogin Madeira a cikin yankin Amazon.
Bayan haka, masana ilimin halitta sun yi ta maimaita bayanin hasken ruwa, wanda ya sami sunayen tsarin daban-daban. Dukkansu sun zama 'yan kwantan ciki. Jinsin sun kasance masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba tare da rashi ba, amma sun sami kamanceceniya da yawa:
- Taeniura motoro, ya shiga cikin ilimin nazarin halittu 1841
- Trygon garrapa - 1843
- Trygon mulleri - 1855
- Rarraba Potamotrygon - 1913
- Laticeps na Potamotrygon - 1913
- Paratrygon laticeps - 1913
- Potamotrygon pauckei - 1963
- Potamotrygon alba - 1963
- Labradori na Potamotrygon - 1963
Hali da salon rayuwa
Mafi yawan mashahuran kogi da ke rayuwa a cikin kogin da yawa, wadanda ke rayuwa a cikin halittu da yawa watsa mota. Leopoldi (Potamotrygon leopoldi), dangogin da suka danganci stingray, masu yaduwa ne. Yana zaune ne kawai a cikin Kogin Xingu. Masana kimiyya ba su kafa dalilin cutarwa ko rashinsa a cikin kifaye masu alaƙa da salon rayuwa iri ɗaya ba.
Yankakken yatsun yana son sandban, raƙuman ruwa, haɗuwa da koguna. A cikin irin waɗannan yankuna, ratewayar tana inganta rayuwar sirri da kuma neman abinci. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa na bazara, ɓoyayyen rami ya shiga yankunan dazuziyar da ambaliyar ruwa. Bayan komawar ruwan ambaliyar, ya zama keɓe a cikin manyan kududdufai da kuma samar da tabkuna.
Tsayawa motar ɓatacciya a gida ya zama sanadin sha'awa. Aquariums sun zama mazaunin tilastawa. Ruwan ruwa mai kyau ya jimre da rawar dabbobin gida cikin nasara. Wataƙila makarantar ta daɗe a cikin keɓaɓɓun ruwa ya taimaka.
Ana buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye don kiyaye motoro a gida.
Gina Jiki
Stingray motoro mai lalata. Babban abincin abincin su shine invertebrates, gami da tsutsotsi da ɓawon burodi. Hakanan kifin da basu kula ba sun fada cikin ganima. Ocellated stingrays kifi ne mai aiki. Bã su da wani babban na rayuwa kudi. Saboda haka, suna ba da yawancin lokacinsu don neman abinci.
A cikin 2016, Proceedings of the Royal Society, daya daga cikin manyan mujallu na kimiyya na Burtaniya, ya wallafa sakamakon binciken. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun gano bawon kwari mai narkewar ciki a cikin ciki na stingrays. An sanya stingrays a cikin akwatin kifayen ruwa kuma an basu abinci mai ɗan taushi da molluscs a cikin kwasfa na chitinous.
An kula da aikin ta amfani da kyamarar bidiyo. Ya zama cewa 'yan feshin daji suna motsa motsi: suna motsa abinci a cikin harsashi mai wuya daga kusurwar baki zuwa wani, suna lalata mahimmin haɗin gwiwar da haƙoransu. Duk da yake abinci mai laushi ya haɗiye da stingray nan da nan. Motoro shine kifin da zai iya taunawa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Abun cikin motar stingray a cikin akwatinan ruwa sun ba da damar kiyaye tsarin kiwo na waɗannan kifaye na musamman. Sun balaga tun suna da shekaru 3-4, lokacin da faɗin diski ya kusanci 40 cm.
Stingrays suna da zaɓi sosai game da abokin zamansu na gaba, don haka ma'auratan da ba sa jin “juyayin” juna ba sa ƙarawa. Bayan an gama, a cikin watanni 3, ana iya bayyana soyayyen stingrays.
Celanƙara mai kama - kifin da ke ɗauke da ɗiyansa, a cikin mahaifar, wato, yana rayuwa. An haɗa amfrayo zuwa ga mahaifiya ta hanyar filaments mara nauyi wanda abinci ke gudana ta cikinsu - histotroph. Kamar kowane soya, amfanon ciki suna da jakar kwai. Abun cikin da ke rayar da mahimmancin su bayan haihuwa.
Ba a fi soya 8 da haihuwa a cikin juji ɗaya ba. Waɗannan su ne kifi, faifan wanda kusan 10 cm a diamita. Kifin ya cika dacewa da rayuwa. Bayan abubuwan da ke cikin jakar kwai suka cinye, sai su fara neman abinci da cinye su. Fry stingrays basa girma da sauri: zasu zama manya ne kawai bayan shekaru 3-4. Har zuwa shekaru 15, zasuyi ƙoƙari su sake haifar da nasu.
Farashi
Kifin Kudancin Amurka yana bayyana a kai a kai a shagunan dabbobi da kasuwannin kaji. Duk da cewa farashin stingray mota mahimmanci, kifi yana cikin buƙata. Suna neman shi 5-8 dubu rubles, dangane da shekaru (girma).
Baya ga kayan adon, ocellated stingray yana da wani kayan masarufi: naman sa yana da daraja ƙwarai don ɗanɗano. Mutanen Aboriginal suna kama rayukan kogi tare da mashi da kamun kifi tare da nau'in ƙugiya.
Don yin kyan gani a cikin akwatin kifaye, dole ne ku zaɓi mace mafi girma fiye da ta maza
Kayan abinci na kifi daga ruwan kogin suna gama gari a gidajen abincin Brazil. Mazaunan Nahiyar Eurasia har yanzu sun wadatu da abinci daga sanyin sanyi, daskararre da gwangwani. Masu sintirin kogi, gami da motoros, ba da daɗewa ba za su bayyana a menu na gidajen cin abinci da nau'ikan shagunan kifi.
Kulawa da kulawa
Motoro stingray a cikin akwatin kifaye Ba sabon abu bane. Wannan kyakkyawan kifin yana da fasali guda ɗaya wanda bai kamata a manta da shi ba - ƙaya mai guba. Kifin ba shi da rikici. Yana amfani da makaminsa kawai don kariya. Sharpaƙƙarfa, ƙarau wanda yake da ƙarfin huda safar hannu mai kariya.
A saman ƙaya, akwai ƙaramin fata na fata wanda ke rufe ɗakunan dafin cike da dafin. A kan tasiri, an saki guba kuma ya shiga cikin raunin da aka samu. Magungunan Stingray dafin hadadden guba ne wanda ke afkawa tsarin jijiyoyi kuma yake dagula lamura na zuciya.
Mutuwa daga tarkon ɓacin rai ba zai faru ba, amma tabbas ana jin daɗin jin zafi. Don magance sakamakon allurar, an wanke raunin, an kamu da cutar, bayan haka kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar cibiyar kiwon lafiya.
Har yaushe motar motsa jiki na rayuwa? a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida ya dogara da yanayin kiyaye shi. Ana buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye don rayuwarta mai dadi. Youngaya daga cikin samfuran samari na iya wucewa tare da gidan lita 300. Don kifi biyu ko uku masu matsakaitan shekaru, aƙalla za a buƙaci lita 700.
Stingrays suna haifar da sharar gida da yawa. Tsarin tsabtace mai ƙarfi sharaɗi ne don kiyaye kifi. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 25-30 ° C, taurin ruwa - har zuwa 15 ° dGh, pH - kimanin 7 pH.
Ana sabunta ruwa akai-akai da 1/3. Ana amfani da yashi mara nauyi ko ƙananan pebbles masu tasowa azaman wuri. Akwatin kifaye bai kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwan ado tare da fitowar kaifi ba.
Ana ciyar da Stingrays sau 2-3 a rana. Stingrays sune masu farauta saboda haka, yadda ake ciyar da stingray motoro babu wata tambaya da ta taso: kifi na cin abincin furotin ne kawai. Zai iya zama tsutsotsi masu rai, tsutsar ciki ko tubifex, gutsuttsukan kifi, mussel, shrimps sun dace, ana cin abinci mai ni'ima tare da jin daɗi. Za a iya siyan busasshen abinci don stingrays. Wannan shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don tabbatar da daidaitaccen abinci.
Da sauri Stingrays suke amfani da nau'in abinci ɗaya. Idan kuna son jinin zubar jini da tubifex, ba za ku iya tilasta waƙar ta ci abinci ba, misali, nikakken kifi ko busasshen abinci. Masu neman ruwa a sararin samaniya sun sami hanyar magance wannan matsalar.
Ana ciyar da stingray sosai tare da abincin da ya fi so. Matsakaicin jikewar abinci yana ƙayyade ne da kaurin jela a tushe. An cinye stingray da aka cinye zuwa abincin yunwa. Ana ba da sabon nau'in abinci a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Ocellated stingray an tilasta yarda da canjin abinci.
Lokacin adana haskoki da yawa, masanan ruwa suna amfani da halaye na kifin da ke farautar su don gabatar da sabon nau'in abinci. Ana miƙa abincin ga ɗayan haskoki. Ya fara karatun sabon abu. Koyaushe akwai wani mutum mai sha'anin shigo da abinci.
A cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya tare da ɓarna, za a iya adana manyan kifaye marasa ƙarfi: discus, mileus, tiger perches da sauransu. Duk wani hadin kifin mai yiyuwa ne, matukar dai bukatun ruwa sun yi kama.
Ya kamata a sami keji kusa da akwatin kifaye wanda ya ƙunshi haskoki na manya. Stingrays galibi suna da matsalolin haɗuwa. Kifin da bai sami fahimtar juna ba na iya cutar da juna. A wannan yanayin, ana ajiye mutumin da ya fi shafa.
Kiwo
Kiwo stingray mota - tsari ne da ke bukatar haƙuri. Kasancewar namiji da mace baya bada garantin zuriya. Matsalar ita ce, mata na iya nisantar da mazan da ba su “so”. Dalilai na rashi ko kasancewar juzu'i a cikin waɗannan kifayen basu tabbata ba.
Kwararrun masu kiwo na fitattun stingrays suna sakin iska mai yawa zuwa babban akwatin kifaye. Sannan ana lura da samuwar nau'i-nau'i. Amma wannan hanyar tana cin lokaci kuma bai dace da masu amfani na yau da kullun ba.
Hanya mafi sauki shine kara namiji ga mace. Idan biyun basu kara ba, ana iya lura da hakan ta halayyar kifin, an cire namiji. Bayan wani lokaci (kwanaki 5-10), ana maimaita aikin. Wannan hanyar sau da yawa yakan kawo nasara.
